Treatment by acupuncture and moxibustion and by orthopedic medicine have both been found to be effective against lower back pain. The time required for the treatment to become effective has been found to correspond with the Weibull distribution. Using the parameters arrived at by the distributon a sequential comparison of both treatments was conducted using the Monte Carlo simulation, using randomized numbers from the distribution. Although there are problems involving the estimated value of the distribution based on complete data, and the difference in quality of the subject groups, it has been found in 100 trials (inolving 100 pairs of subjects) that acupuncture and moxibustion tend to take effect significantly faster (p=0.07) than orthopedic medicine. I present these results as a hypothesis to be used in randomized clinical trials. Furthermore, I propose a new method of clinical evaluation, involing simulation derived from the investigation of models, in cases where it is difficult to form control groups for comparison.

Introduction
We tried to prove the effectiveness of acupuncture against unidentified syndrome.
Method
Subjects were women complaining of unidentified syndrome and divided into the control group and test group. Galenicals extact was given to all of them and acupuncture was administered to the test group. The examination was a sequential medical trial in a restricted design (2α=0.05, 1-β=0.95, θ₁=0.90 and N=19). Acupuncture was applied twice a week for two weeks. We evaluated their subjective symptoms, difficulties in daily life and so on with MPI-test and MV-test.
Conclusion
Among the two groups, patients were randomly paired off into ten couples. Thus, a subjective comparison was possible. Global improvement rating by patients was effective for the symptoms of 60% of the test group, and 10% of the control group (p<0.05). As to the difficulties in daily life, it was effective for 70% of the test group, whereas only 20% of the control group. About subjective symptoms, there was a significant difference in the stiffness in shoulder (p<0.10). On MV-test, the test group of five pairs showed an increase in theta waves (p<0.05) and a decrease in beta waves (p<0.10).

　　Since February, 2012, Anjo Kosei Hospital has embarked upon a new scheme for efficiently handling narcotics during surgical operations. For the purpose pharmacists are allowed to enter the operating room for a while. At the same time, the implementation of digital record keeping for narcotics management tasks has started, making it possible to simplify the handling of a great number of patients. By reviewing the effects on narcotics handling and hours billed, we could determine the effectiveness of operating room pharmacist-led narcotics management at Anjo Kosei. Out of narcotics prescriptions (n＝647) handled in the operating room for one month, 84.7% (548/647) was accounted for by prepared narcotics and 99.8% (646/647) by post-operation management. The introduction of the digital record system resulted in a reduction from 53.3±9.6 minutes to 39.6±6.3 minutes for narcotics preparation, and a reduction from 66.8±16.1 minutes to 41.1±13.5 minutes for post-operation management (p<0.01). It has added to the work efficiency and simplification of operations. Moreover, due to the intervention of pharmacists in the operating room, 92.3% of narcotics prescriptions was performed using the new management system within a relatively short time (80.8±18.4minutes). These data show that the introduction of the new scheme has resulted in more efficient management of narcotics at Anjo Kosei.

Guardians' perceptions of the oral food challenge (OFC) test with 1-day hospitalization have not yet been investigated. In this study, a questionnaire survey on the OFC test was distributed to guardians of children who underwent the test for food allergies with 1-day or overnight hospitalization between April 2015 and May 2016. Patients who underwent the test at other hospitals and those with incomplete responses were excluded. A total of 164 patientguardian pairs were included in this study, and the valid response rate was 68% (112/164). Among negative aspects of OFC with overnight hospitalization, the response “visiting the next day” was the most frequent at 74%(83 guardians) and was significantly more frequent than the responses “anxiety at night,” “consultation and questions the next day are possible,” and “observation time is long” (all p<0.01). Among the positive aspects of OFC with 1-day hospitalization, the response “no next-day visit” was the most frequent at 87%(97 guardians) and was significantly more frequent than the responses “relief at night,” “cannot go to work the next day,” and “observation time is short” (all p<0.01). Among the negative aspects of OFC with 1-day hospitalization, the response “anxiety at night” was the most frequent at 45% (50 guardians) and was significantly more frequent than the responses “no next-day visit,” “cannot go to work the next day,” and “observation time is short”（p<0.01, each). The number of patients whose child underwent the OFC test with 1-day hospitalization was significantly higher than that with overnight hospitalization (87 guardians [78%] vs.8 guardians [7%] , p<0.01). These results suggested that majority of the guardians preferred that OFC be performed with 1-day hospitalization because there was no need to visit the hospital again the next day. However, many guardians had anxiety at night in OFC with 1-day hospitalization.