In order to find out what changes would happen to the cancelling in the course of the program and what differences would be caused in the cancelling ability depending on the degree of program formation, we examined the changes of adults (in their 20s and 50s) and children, and obtained the following results.
1. In the cases of cancelling actions halfway, delays in the reaction time and movement time of both the adults and children were found, unlike the cases of controlling actions. This tendency was noted remarcably in the adults at their age of 20s and in the children.
2. The time for the switching into the next actions by cancelling the previous actions was found to be the longest at the initial stage when the action program was intiated.
3. The fluctuation in the movement times immediately after initiating actions was extremely small in both controlling and cancelling actions. However, as the actions advanced, the values of the cancelling actions showed larger fluctuations. This trend could be noted very significantly in both the adults at the age of their 20s and the children.
4. The time of delays by more than 20 over the mean value in both the time for reaction and the time for movements were noted more frequently in the cancelling actions especially in the latter half of the actions where the actions advanced.
5. The emergence of erroneous action (miss-touch) for cancelling to stop the actions and to push the next key instead was the most frequent when the cancelling was made at the initial stage of the action, and the rate of miss-touch was invariably approx. 50% at any age. As the actions advanced, the frequency of miss-touch decreased.
On the basis of the above findings, it can be concluded that the earlier it is in the course of proceeding with the program, the more it is difficult to cancel the program in the central nerve system for cancelling the on-going action, and that, as the program advaces, it is easier to cancel the program. It was furthermore demonstrated that, as the age advanced, the program could be formed more firmly, making it difficalt to cancel the program.

The effects of varying time intervals and frequency of preliminary stimulations shown in advance of movements upon the variations in the subsequent responses to exogenous stimulations have been evaluated on the basis of the reaction time. The following results have been obtained.
1. In the cases of simple preliminary reactions, if a time interval between the preliminary stimulations and the actual stimulations was less than 1000 msec, the reaction time was delayed more than the cases of the control reaction to simple stimulations. A relationship of index function was found out between the intervals of stimulations and the time of responses.
2. In the cases of persistent preliminary reactions, the shorter the intervals of stimulations, the shorter became the reaction time than that of the control reaction to the simple stimulation.
3. The so-called flying errors which are the movements induced before the actual stimulations were most frequently developed at an interval of stimulations of 1000 msec.
On the basis of the above findings of the reactions, the levels of excitements in the center (CNS) and peripheries could be assessed on the basis of the above findings of the reactions that reactions to a stimulation can be variable according to the other stimulations induced prior to the particular stimulation.

In order to investigate the development of cooperatively responsing ability the subjects were made to carry out synchronous and altenate beating of colateral or contralateral hand and foot.
1. The synchronous beating of colateral hand and foot developed earlier than of contralateral hand and foot. In addition, hand-foot cooperative response developed to higher degree at the right side than at the left.
2. The hand-foot cooperative movement developed later in altenate beating with hand and foot than synchronous one. Development of altenate movement was earlier in the contralateral hand and foot than in the colateral and foot. Twenty percent of the adult subjects could not carry out altenate beating with colateral hand and foot.
3. A coefficient of variation in time intervals of beating was decreased with advanced age, but smaller in the synchronous movement than in the alternate one. The coefficient was the largest in the alternate movement of colateral hand and foot in little child. However, it was smaller in both synchronous and alienate movements in the subjects older than 13 years old.
The above findings indicate that the beat movement differs in difficulty depending upon different combinations of hands and feet. This may be determined by the relationship between spinal reflex of four limbs and inhibition of it by the higher system. A movement which needs stronger inhibition and selection of a greater number of reflexes needs a longer time to be mastered. Children can not perform the most difficult colateral altenate movement untill the age of 14 or 15 years.

The motions are manifested by the built-in motion programing within the central nerve system. It was investigated by means of a simple keypushing motion on what variations in the motions would be developed by alterations in the programing. The key-pushing motion consists in pushing two or four keys in designated orders according to the photic stimulation, and the reaction time and motion time in this case were determined. The key-pushing was performed in accordance with the 4 types of programing.
The results were as indicated hereunder.
1) The motion time was shorter when the number of keys to be pushed is less in comparison with the larger number of the keys.
2) The variations in the programing within the central nerve system are more influential upon the initial stage of the motion, i. e. the pushing procedures of the first and the second keys.
3) The delays in the reaction time were more remarkable in children in any programing than in the adults. The errorneous key-pushing motion was more frequently noted in the action to push the first key.

We investigated the effects of bathing with bath preparation (sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, 30g/200l) on the thermal preservability in healthy volunteers. We also investigated these effects on the antioxidative defense system in patients with vibration syndrome (VS). In these investigations, we measured the activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD).
After immersion at 41°C for 5min, forearm skin temperature, photoplethysmograph, and transepidermal water loss increased significantly as compared with those after bathing in a plain water.
After bathing for 4 weeks at around 40°C for 10min, activities of erythrocyte SOD increased significantly.
These data indicate that bathing with the bath preparation has a stronger effect on thermal preservability in healthy volunteers and activation of the antioxidative defense system in patients with vibration syndrome due to a significant increase in activities of erythrocyte SOD.

In this study, we investigated the effect of bathing with cut crude drugs on thermal preservability, water holding capacity, and smoothness of the feel. After immersion with cut crude drugs of 5min at 41°C, the forearm skin core temperature was significantly higher than after plain water bathing. Water sorption-desorption tests on the skin in vivo with cut crude drug extract for the functional assessment of the stratum corneum revealed that the GARENIAE FRUCTUS extract, all of cut crude drugs extract, and FOENICULI FRUCTUS extract are significantly superior to plain water bathing in water holding capacity.
Furthermore, an evaluation using a skin model revealed that cut crude drugs have effects significantly superior to that of plain water bathing in increasing the smoothness of the feel. The above results clarified that bathing with cut crude drugs has a stronger effect on thermal preservability and that their extract increases water holding capacity and smoothness of the feel.

To clarify a mechanism of psychologic relaxation by artificial hot spring, the effect of hot spring bathing on psychologic sweating was studied in 11 healthy subjects (1 female and 10 males, age 26±5.7 years). After lying in the supine position for 5 minutes, the subjects were asked to take a bath with plain water or artificial hot spring for 5 minutes in the sitting position. The temperature of the bath was 40°C. To prepare the artificial hot spring, sodium sulfate tablet (Tsumura & Co.) was solved in 200L of plain water. For the measurement of psychologic sweating, Perspiro (Suzuken, Co. Ltd) was used. Sensor was attached to the first finger by biphasic adhesive tape. The psychologic sweating was induced by deep respiration, mental arithmetic, hand grip, blood pressure measurement and blood sampling. There were no statistical significant differences of CV value, heart rate, blood pressures, catecholamine values and serum β endorphin levels before and after the bathing. The psychologic sweating markedly decreased after the bathing (11.5±19.6 to 1.1±2.7 for plain water bathing, 14.9±21.9 to 1.6±5.1 for artificial hot spring, N. S.).
The decrease in psychologic sweating after bathing suggests the action of psychologic relaxation by bathing.

A case of 38-year-old woman with corrected transposition of great arteries is reported. She was admitted for acute cardiac failure caused by not only the left-side atrioventricular regurgitation for the ruptured chordae tendineae, but also the right-side one. We have to perform double valve replacement emergently due to the progression of biventricular failure. Very few reports have described a surgical repair of the right-sided valve replacement. The postoperative course was favorable.

A 60-year-old male was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis four months previously because of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy seen on a chest X-ray, uveitis, and elevation of serum angiotensin converting enzyme. In summer, the patient suffered from hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and renal dysfunction. Renal biopsy showed interstitial nephritis with gallium scintigraphy demonstrating high uptake in the bilateral hilum, eyes, and kidneys. Corticosteroid treatment was effective in remarkably improving the renal disorder and radiographic abnormalities.
The calcium metabolic abnormalities and the granulomatous interstitial nephritis showed a marked response to corticosteroid therapy, so that immediate administration of corticosteroid may be justified even in cases without histological evidences. Gallium scintigraphy is suggested to be useful in noninvasive examination in acute stage of sarcoidosis.