In this study, we investigated the effect of exercise training on serum and liver chblesterol levels and on biosynthesis of liver cholesterol in rats. The training was carried out at low [Low-Ex, 60% max O₂ consumption (VO₂) ] and high (High-Ex, 75% max VO₂) intensities for 16 weeks. The energy expenditure was adjusted to be equivalent. The succinate dehydrogenase activities of gastrocnemius muscle in the Low-Ex group and High-Ex group were higher than that of control, 36% and 109% (p<0.05) respectively. The levels of total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were 14-26% lower than those of control, but no difference was detected between the trained groups. The activity of HMG-CoA reductase in liver microsome was significantly higher than that of control for both trained groups. However, the stimulation of this enzyme activity was not changed by training intensity.

The effects of voluntary exercise on resting systolic blood pressure and vascular lesions of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (stroke-prone SHR) were investigated with and without 1 % saline loading. Forty male stroke-prone SHR aged 7 weeks were assigned to one of 4 experimental groups. Each consisted 10 animals ; sedentary control (S), sedentary with 1 % saline loading (SS), exercised control (E), and exercised with 1 % saline loading (ES) . Animals were sacrificed at the 5 th week. In the prehypertensive phase, resting caudal arterial systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the E group than in the S group. However, after being loaded with 1 % saline, the ES group showed higher resting systolic blood pressure than those of the SS group. In addition, the ES group revealed severer renal, myocardial, and cerebrovascular lesions than those of the rest of the groups.

In Japan, Max von Pettenkofer is highly regarded as a pioneer of modern hygiene. The contribution of Edmund Alexander Parkes, however, is not yet sufficiently appreciated. This paper outlines the life and achievements of E.A. Parkes and discusses his influence in Japan.

Objective: We investigated the association between catastrophizing with regard to numbness and pain, subjective symptoms, upper extremity function, and disability in cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Method: We evaluated catastrophizing (pain catastrophizing scale [PCS] total score, rumination, helplessness, magnification), subjective symptoms of numbness and pain, upper extremity function, and disability in patients with hematological malignancy and gastrointestinal cancer who developed upper extremity CIPN. We calculated the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to determine the strength of the association. Result: A significant association was observed between catastrophizing and disability; however, upper extremity function was not significantly association with catastrophizing. Based on the PCS subscale scores, only rumination was significantly association with subjective symptoms. Conclusion: Functional assessment and approaches may not be sufficient to improve the activities of daily living in cancer patients with upper extremity CIPN, and assessment and approaches to cognitive aspects, such as catastrophizing, should also be considered.