We analyzed cases of influenza during the 2000-2001 season in the Department of pediatrics, Mito Kyodo General Hospital. Vaccination was found to be the most effective defense against the infection. Rapid test kits to detect influenza virus type A were helpful to physicians in making the right decision to proceed with specific treatment quickly. Amantadine was most useful for the treatment of type A in terms of both compliance and efficacy. Further technological innovation, especially in diagnosis and treatment, is awaited. It is very important, however, that the vaccination rate should be improved from a prophylactic viewpoint, and not only enlightenment of the public but also a push of the government is necessary for it.

Following the 2000-2001 season, we summed up what we have done, prophylactically and clinically, to cope with influenza during the 2001-2002 season in the Department of Pediatrics, Mito Kyodo General Hospital. Vaccination was effective against the infections. A new rapid test kit, which can distinguish types of influenza virus, was helpful. Administration of ZANAMIVIR by means of the nebulizer was effective.
We treated some severe cases including three cases of suspected influenza encephalopathy. Most of the patients with influenza were not vaccinated before the season. It is expected that technological advances, especially in diagnosis and treatment, will be made from now on. It is more importnt, however, that the vaccination rate should be improved from the viewpoint of disease prevention.

Following the previous two seasons, we analyzed cases of influenza virus infection during the 2002/2003 season in the Department of Pediatrics, Mito Kyodo General Hospital. Thanks to price reductions, we could increase the number of children who got vaccination ahead of the season. A close watch was kept throughout the season by dint of one precision type of rapid test kit was newly put to use. Although it was reported that there were serious shortages of antiviral agents in some regions, we could afford to treat patients in our department without a hitch. Severe complications such as encephalopathy were not experienced this season. As we vaccinated children early, morbidity decreased remarkably. We could care each case with enough time. Our department and hospital fully realized that the prevention by vaccination is definitely the main strategy against influenza virus infection.
Seasons ; Review of ; Infection as complication of medical care ; Virus Diseases ; Vaccination

Objective: The aim of this study was to review cautionary statements regarding hypersensitivity to drugs with a moiety similar to sulfonamide on Japanese package inserts.
Methods: From approved drugs listed as of March 2015, we selected those with a moiety similar to sulfonamide and examined their therapeutic categories, together with the presence or absence, location, and wording of cautionary statements regarding usage, and matters pertaining to a history of drug hypersensitivity that was not limited to sulfonamide, on the package inserts.
Results: We extracted 73 drugs (65 components) that included a moiety similar to sulfonamide.  Their therapeutic categories were diverse, and 39 (53.4%) had cautionary statements about hypersensitivity caused by a moiety similar to sulfonamide.  Among these 39 drugs, the cautionary statements were located in different sections (Contraindication 31, Careful Administration 4, and Important Precautions 4).  The cautionary statements showed differences in wording according to the individual drugs or positions.  For 10 of the drugs, information pertaining to a history of drug hypersensitivity not limited to sulfonamide was provided.
Conclusion: Medical staff should recognize that package inserts are not standardized with regard to cautionary statements about hypersensitivity caused by moieties similar to sulfonamide, and that it is necessary to predict or judge the likelihood of cross-hypersensitivity reaction to such moieties on the basis of their chemical structure.  In addition, it is necessary to carefully observe the clinical condition of individual patients who are receiving drugs that have a moiety similar to sulfonamide.

Pulmonary vein isolation procedure was performed for atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease in twelve patients. This simple procedure consisted of only isolation of the four pulmonary veins. Combined mitral valve surgery consisted of mitral valve plasty, mitral valve replacement with or without aortic valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty. Ten patients returned to a sinus rhythm. Two patients required DDD pacemaker implant for sick sinus syndrome. Left atrial contraction was detected in eight cases by trans-esophageal echography. Compared with the maze procedure, this operation was less invasive and preserved atrial appendage, helping to maintain normal secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide. This study suggests that the pulmonary vein isolation procedure may be an effective and simple maneuver for atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valvular disease.

In dialysis cases complicated with ischemic heart disease, there are many problems, such as poor preoperative general condition, calcified aorta, water-electrolyte control, and the necessity for other simultaneous operations. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) was considered very useful in coping with these problems. OPCAB, employed in five cases, was compared with conventional coronary artery bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation (ECC group, 9 cases). Regarding preoperative coexisting diseases, collagen diseases, porcelain aorta, cerebral infarction, and others were recognized in the OPCAB group in 3 of 5 cases. Emergency operations were performed in 5 of 9 cases in the ECC group, and in 2 of 5 cases in the OPCAB group. The bypass number (3.2 vs. 2.0) and complete revascularization rate (7 of 9 vs. 2 of 5), tended to be higher in the ECC group. The OPCAP group was significantly superior in blood transfusion (6.7 vs. 3.0u), postoperative CK-MB (63 vs. 33u), and the postoperative usual hemodialysis commencing time (4.2 vs. 1.0 day). Concerning use of postoperative IABP (3 of 9 vs. 0 of 5), and postoperative ventilator weaning time (2.7 vs. 1.0 day), a good tendency was shown in the OPCAB group. Although a high mortality rate (2 of 5) was recognized in OPCAB group compared with ECC group (1 of 9), those were urgent cases who had a very poor preoperative condition, and both cases suffered non-cardiac deaths. Excluding special cases, such as an unstable hemodynamic state requiring assisted circulation, and poor coronary run off, OPCAB seems useful for the treatment of coronary artery disease in dialysis patients.

A 72-year-old man suffering from congestive heart failure, swelling of the lower limbs and hematuria was transferred from another hospital with a diagnosis of large aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and the left common iliac artery. Iliac arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was definitively diagnosed preoperatively by contrast-enhanced CT and angiogaphy. At operation, an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm of 8cm and left iliac arterial aneurysm of 12cm were identified. After proximal and distal aortic clamping, the aneurysm was entered and an AVF orifice of 1cm communicating with the left common iliac vein was disclosed at the right posterior wall of the left common iliac artery. Venous blood reflux was controlled by inserting an occlusive balloon catheter to the fistula and intraoperative shed blood was aspirated and returned by an autotransfusion system. The AVF was closed from inside the iliac aneurysm by three interrupted 3-0 monofilament mattress sutures with pledgets. The aneurysms were resected and replaced with a bifurcated Dacron prosthetic graft. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative recovery; the lower limb edema subsided and heart failure improved rapidly. Preoperative identification of the location of the AVF is mandatory to make surgery safe. Moreover, easy availability or routine use of the devices for controlling undue blood loss such as an autotransfusion system and an occlusive balloon catheter are other important supplementary means to obtain good results of surgical treatment.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) was evaluated by noninvasive examination in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients. A simultaneous operation or a 2-staged operation was performed depending on the seriousness of the condition when both diseases were combined. A total of 36 patients underwent elective repair of AAA between 1996 and 2001. Coronary angiography (CAG) was performed only in patients with suspected CAD by dipyridamole myocardial scintigraphy. Significant CAD was found in 8 patients. Simultaneous operation was performed in 4 patients, and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) was performed in all cases of simultaneous operation. In 4 patients receiving 2-staged operations, 1 standard coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 1 OPCAB and 2 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCA) were performed prior to AAA surgery. Twenty-eight patients underwent only AAA operation. Though there were no incidents of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac related deaths in this group, 2 patients died due to other causes (hemorrhage and duodenal perforation). In the 8 patients associated with CAD, 1 patient died of MNMS after simultaneous operation. The other 7 patients revived their social function soon of the discharge. Dipyridamole cardiac scintigraphy was considered to be an effective examination for evaluation of CAD in AAA patients. There was no need to perform CAG in all AAA patients. The policy of choosing simultaneous operation or 2-staged operation according to the seriousness of the 2 diseases seemed to be appropriate.

Intra-articular synovial haemangioma of the knee is a benign tumour. However, diagnostic delay leads to degenerative changes in the cartilage and osteoarthritis due to recurrent haemarthrosis. Therefore, treatment should be performed immediately. We report the case of a localized synovial haemangioma arising from the medial plica in a 38-year old female presenting with pain and restricted range of motion in the right knee joint. Initially, we diagnosed this case as a localized pigmented villonodular synovitis (LPVS) based on MRI and arthroscopic findings and performed only arthroscopic en bloc excision of the mass and synovectomy around the mass for diagnostic confirmation. Fortunately, there was no difference in the treatment approaches for LPVS and localized haemangioma and the synovial haemangioma had not recurred at the 3-month postoperative follow-up with MRI. The patient’s clinical symptoms resolved and had not relapsed two years after surgery.
Osteoarthritis