Objective: In the management of drug information, pharmacists are required to appropriately transmit information to the corresponding medical staff.  However, it is unclear whether the transmitted information is received and utilized effectively.  In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of drug safety information transmitted to doctors by pharmacists and investigated the requirements of doctors for the transmitted drug safety information in Okayama University Hospital.
Design and Methods: We performed the assessment via questionnaire from doctors who had been sent drug safety information by electronic mail (e-mail) from January to October 2010.  The return rate and responses for the questionnaire were investigated.
Results: For the study time period, 15 cases of e-mail drug safety information transmissions occurred.  The questionnaire was sent to 204 doctors, and the recovery rate of the questionnaire was 46.1%.  Seventy-six percent of doctors who responded to the questionnaire answered that the e-mail information was useful for the clinical practice.  Among the comments, it was noted that an improvement in the content of e-mail information would allow doctors to access the required information more conveniently.
Conclusion: In this study, it was demonstrated that the majority of doctors were satisfied with the transmission of drug safety information using e-mail, although some improvement was needed.  Furthermore, it was considered that the feedback assessment and re-construction of information transmittal system were important to improve usability and availability of the drug information service.

Objective: Pharmacist interventions are effective for appropriate medical management.  The Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists has recommended the “pre-avoid report” to foster appropriate pharmacotherapy since 1999.  The “pre-avoid report” format consists of two forms : “serious report” and “preventive report.”  The number of “preventive reports” has comprised about 90% of “pre-avoid reports.”  However, this format of the “preventive report” since 1999 has shown inadequacy due to changes in pharmacists’ ability.  In the present study, we conducted a re-modification of the “preventive report” format using an assay to create the present “preventive report” format.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the pharmacists’ “preventive report” of the “pre-avoid report” from January 2014 to December 2014 in the Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital.
Results: The present format included 101 cases of “others” in the “preventive report” format.  This “others” section consisted of “non-intervention of pharmacotherapy” (51%), “forget to stop pre-operation drugs” (14.7%), and “inadequate treatment (wrong administration day, unnecessary treatment).  These factors were not identified with the present format of the “preventive report.”
Conclusion: In the present study, we suggested that it is necessary to revise the format of the “preventive report” to reflect.

Objective: In drug treatment for pregnant and lactating women, pharmacists need to contribute to adequate drug treatment by collecting much information from various sources.  However, it takes much time to collect information using plural sources.  In this study, we tried to develop a database system which enables expeditiously collecting the domestic and foreign drug use criteria information in order to streamline collecting information for pregnant and lactating women.  In addition, we assessed the utility of the database by comparing the time to collect information using the database to that using each information source and the usability by questionnaires.
Methods: We developed a database system that integrates drug information from the FDA Pregnancy Category, Australian categories for prescribing medicines in pregnancy, “Drugs in Pregnancy & Lactation,” and Japanese package inserts.  For assessment of the usability of the database, we assessed the time required to collect information and subjective evaluation using the five-method questionnaires.
Results: The database significantly reduced the time needed for collecting criteria information and made it possible to compile the information simultaneously from various sources.  The questionnaire survey showed that over 80% of pharmacists and students were satisfied with the database.
Conclusion: It is suggested that our database system is useful to efficiently collect drug use criteria information for pregnant and lactating women.

The demand for pharmacy services has increased recently, and the skills required for pharmacists have also advanced. Therefore, it is important to implement a working system in which experienced pharmacists can continue working full-time when they require child care or nursing care. In September 2016, we conducted a survey of hospital pharmacists on their work-life balance at a symposium of the 26th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences. The purpose of this survey was to examine the current trends and issues of hospital pharmacists’ experience of work-life balance in Japan. A total of 84 responses were included for analysis. Overall, 68.4% of pharmacists reported that they were not satisfied with their work-life balance, and 65.8% reported that they were not satisfied with their working environment. In addition, 90.4% of hospital pharmacists reported they worked overtime, and 76.3% reported that their workload level at their place of practice was high; therefore, they could not complete their duties within regular work hours. Seventy four percent of hospital pharmacists answered that they will not able to continue working if they encounter life events such as childbirth and caring for children or parents. These results show that a majority of hospital pharmacists was not satisfied with their work-life balance, and they were concerned about continuing their pharmacy career when they encountered certain life events. As such, it is critical that each work place implement policies on work-life balance to further help support their pharmacists.

The demand for pharmacy services has increased recently, and the skills required for pharmacists have also advanced. Therefore, it is important to implement a working system in which experienced pharmacists can continue working full-time when they require child care or nursing care. In September 2016, we conducted a survey of hospital pharmacists on their work-life balance at a symposium of the 26th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences. The purpose of this survey was to examine the current trends and issues of hospital pharmacists’ experience of work-life balance in Japan. A total of 84 responses were included for analysis. Overall, 68.4% of pharmacists reported that they were not satisfied with their work-life balance, and 65.8% reported that they were not satisfied with their working environment. In addition, 90.4% of hospital pharmacists reported they worked overtime, and 76.3% reported that their workload level at their place of practice was high; therefore, they could not complete their duties within regular work hours. Seventy four percent of hospital pharmacists answered that they will not able to continue working if they encounter life events such as childbirth and caring for children or parents. These results show that a majority of hospital pharmacists was not satisfied with their work-life balance, and they were concerned about continuing their pharmacy career when they encountered certain life events. As such, it is critical that each work place implement policies on work-life balance to further help support their pharmacists.

Background: With the marked changes occurring in the medical field, such as rapid population aging, the frequency of one‐dose package use by medication‐dispensing services is increasing.　Pharmaceutical companies promote the development of pharmaceutical products that can be identified based on their color, size, and imprinted information to reduce one‐dose packaging errors and difficulties in tablet identification.　However, there have not been any studies about the effectiveness of such measures for aiding the identification of tablets in the clinical setting.　Therefore, we examined the effects of imprinting on the ease of identification of tablets and capsules.Methods: The study was conducted over a 3‐month period and involved 39 pharmacists aged under 40.　The times they needed to transcribe the characters imprinted on each tablet/capsule were measured.Results: The time needed to identify a tablet was significantly shortened by kana printing (p<0.01), whereas more time was required to identify a capsule when the text color was similar to that of the capsule.　The observed transcription errors included ‘inaccurately transcribing alphanumeric characters' and ‘omitting units or other information.'Discussion: These results suggest that kana printing is effective at increasing the ease of tablet/capsule identification, which is also affected by the color of the printed text.