Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Humans ; Tooth Socket ; surgery

Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Humans ; Tooth Socket ; surgery

Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Humans ; Tooth Socket ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of osteogenic inducer (dexamethasone, beta-sodium glycerophosphate and Vitamin C) carried by gelatin sponge on healing and remodeling of tooth extraction sockets.

METHODSFifty rabbits were selected. After extracting the first premolars of bilateral maxillary, the right side tooth extraction sockets were filled with gelatin sponge containing osteogenic inducer as experimental side, tooth extraction sockets on left side were filled with gelatin sponge as control. Every ten rabbits were executed at the end of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after tooth extraction. Bone density was measured through digital X-ray images. The specimens were examined by histology. The absorption height of alveolar bone at 12 weeks was measured.

RESULTSX-ray measurement showed that the bone density of experimental side was higher than that of control side at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks, the difference had statistical significance (P<0.01). The histology examination showed that new bone formation in tooth extraction sockets of experimental side was earlier than that in control side. The absorptional height of alveolar bone had significant difference between experimental side and control side (P<0.01), of which experimental side was less.

CONCLUSIONFilling the osteogenic inducer in tooth extraction sockets can promote the healing and new bone formation and prevent from alveolar bone absorption.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and to compare dimensional alterations of hard and soft tissues in molar extraction sites with irregular deficiency of bone plates due to advanced periodontitis receiving two different procedures, namely the flapped and flapless techniques with Bio-Gide membrane covering the Bio-Oss material for ridge preservation. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with 24 infected-molar extraction sites received ridge preservation procedure, the first consecutive 12 sites belonged to the flap group (a full thickness mucoperiosteal flap and primary soft tissue closure) and the following 12 sites belonged to the flapless group (minimal flap with a collagen sponge and a secondary soft tissue closure). Width of keratinized tissue was evaluated before tooth extraction and after 6-month healing. Parallel periapical radiographs were taken immediately and 6 months after extraction to evaluate vertical bone changes. The width of the ridge was measured in the center of the ridge at the time of tooth extraction and after 6 months at implant placement. RESULTS: After 6 months, width of keratinized tissue decreased (1.6±1.5) mm in the flap group (P=0.004) when compared with (0.3±1.6) mm in the flapless group (P>0.05). Both groups showed increases in ridge height from the central aspect, (5.53±4.20) mm for flap group and (7.70±4.35) mm for flapless group. These differences between the groups were not statistically significant (P=0.226). The ridge widths were (9.5±2.2) mm for flap group and (9.3±1.0) mm for flapless group at the time of implant insertion, and no statistical significance was observed between the flap and flapless groups. CONCLUSION The study points out that both ridge preservation techniques were effective in increasing ridge height and minimizing ridge resorption after tooth extraction, and the ridge width allowed the placement of implants 6 months after ridge preservation. The flapless technique gave positive outcome in terms of the keratinized gingival width than that of the flap technique.
Alveolar Process ; Humans ; Molar ; Periodontitis ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Socket

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of Gelatamp colloidal silver gelatin sponge on preventing the complication of teeth extraction.

METHODS672 teeth were divided into experimental group and control group semi-randomly. All teeth were extracted after local anesthesia and sockets were cleaned. Gelatamp colloidal silver gelatin sponge was implanted into socket in experimental group and nothing was implanted into alveolar socket in control group. The complication of teeth extraction was observed on 0.5 h, 2 d and 7 d after extraction. The incidence rate of complication was calculated.

RESULTSThe incidence rate of complication of teeth extraction in experimental group was 7.72%, which was lower than that of control group (24.43%). There was significant difference in the incidence rates of complication between experimental group and control group (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of bleeding, infection, pain, swelling and dry socket after teeth extraction in experimental group was lower than those of control group, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that Gelatamp colloidal silver gelatin sponge can prevent the occurrence of complication of teeth extraction, this can be used in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological characteristics of cell lines of healthy and diseased human dental alveoli.

METHODSPrimary cell lines from either healthy or diseased human dental alveoli were obtained. Two cell lines, H-258 and H-171 derived from healthy and diseased human tissues respectively, were selected for morphological study and research on their growth and aging, using cell counting, and histochemical and immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSPrimary cell lines were successfully established from innormal dental alveoli. After freezing and thawing for three times, cell growth was continued and no morphological alterations were observed. The doubling time was 53.4 hours and mean division index (MDI) was 4 per thousand. Cells were kept normal after twenty generations with no obvious reduction of doubling time and MDI. Of twenty-six primary cell lines derived from healthy human dental alveoli, only three cell lines achieved generation. After freezing and thawing for twice, cultured cells were still alive at a decreased growth speed, with doubling time of 85.9 hours and MDI of 3 per thousand. Both cell lines, H-171 and H-258, shared the characteristics of osteoblast.

CONCLUSIONSPrimary cell lines of diseased human dental alveoli show greater growth potential. All cell lines of dental alveoli share characteristics of osteoblast. The technique we developed may be put into practice for the treatment of abnormal dental alveoli.

Angiogenesis is one of the essential processes that occur during wound healing. It is responsible for providing immunity as well as the regenerative cells, nutrition, and oxygen needed for the healing of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction. The inappropriate removal of formed blood clots causes the undesirable phenomenon of alveolar osteitis (AO) or dry socket. In this review, we aimed to investigate whether enhanced angiogenesis contributes to a more effective prevention of AO. The potential pro- or anti-angiogenic activity of different materials used for the treatment of AO were evaluated. An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases via OVID from January 2000 to September 2016 using the keywords mentioned in the PubMed and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms regarding the role of angiogenesis in the prevention of AO. Our initial search identified 408 articles using the keywords indicated above, with 38 of them meeting the inclusion criteria set for this review. Due to the undeniable role of angiogenesis in the socket healing process, it is beneficial if strategies for preventing AO are directed toward more proangiogenic materials and modalities.
Dry Socket* ; Endothelial Cells ; Oxygen ; Regeneration ; Tooth Extraction ; Wound Healing

Dry socket, also termed fibrinolytic osteitis or alveolar osteitis, is a complication of tooth exodontia. A dry socket lesion is a post-extraction socket that exhibits exposed bone that is not covered by a blood clot or healing epithelium and exists inside or around the perimeter of the socket or alveolus for days after the extraction procedure. This article describes dry socket lesions; reviews the basic clinical techniques of treating different manifestations of dry socket lesions; and shows how microscope level loupe magnification of 6× to 8× or greater, combined with co-axial illumination or a dental operating microscope, facilitate more precise treatment of dry socket lesions. The author examines the scientific validity of the proposed causes of dry socket lesions (such as bacteria, inflammation, fibrinolysis, or traumatic extractions) and the scientific validity of different terminologies used to describe dry socket lesions. This article also presents an alternative model of what causes dry socket lesions, based on evidence from dental literature. Although the clinical techniques for treating dry socket lesions seem empirically correct, more evidence is required to determine the causes of dry socket lesions.
Bacteria ; Diagnosis* ; Dry Socket* ; Epithelium ; Fibrinolysis ; Inflammation ; Lighting ; Osteitis ; Tooth

PURPOSE: Following tooth extraction caused by severe periodontitis, alveolar ridge dimension lose their original volume. To reduce the alveolar ridge dimension, the ridge preservation technique has been introduced and tested in many clinical studies with membrane alone or membrane plus graft, achieving reduced ridge loss compared to extraction only. The aim of the present clinical study was to compare the post-extraction dimensional changes in the membrane exposure group to non-exposure group during healing period following ridge preservation technique. METHODS: Ridge preservation was performed in 44 extraction sites. After extraction, deproteinized bovine bone mineral coated with synthetic oligopeptide (Ossgen-X15(R)) or deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss(R)) was implanted into the socket. A collagen membrane (Bio-Gide(R)) was trimmed to cover the socket completely and applied to the entrance of the socket. Four clinical parameters were compared between baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: During healing period, membrane exposure was observed at 19 sites. At the re-entry, hard newly formed tissue were observed at the ridge preservation site. The grafted socket sites were well preserved in their volume dimension. In both groups, horizontal ridge width was reduced and vertical height was increased. There were not statistically significant differences in horizontal (-1.32 mm vs -1.00 mm) and vertical ridge change (2.24 mm vs 2.37 mm at buccal crest, 1.36 mm vs. 1.53 mm at lingual crest) between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The ridge preservation approach after tooth extraction effectively prevented resorption of hard tissue ridge in spite of membrane exposure during healing period.
Alveolar Process ; Bone Substitutes ; Collagen ; Membranes ; Periodontitis ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Socket ; Transplants