Orthodontic treatment is a time-consuming process whose duration usually takes 2-3 years. In general, long-term treatment duration possesses higher risks of complications, which may have adverse impact on patients. Therefore, exploring safe and effective adjunctive interventions to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and shortening the treatment duration are of profound clinical significance. Currently, numerous adjunctive interventions have been generated and developed to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, which can be divided into two main categories: surgical and non-surgical. However, an intervention that is widely accepted as a routine practice in orthodontic clinic is lacking. This article aims to review com-mon adjunctive interventions used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. This review can be used as a basis to guide clinical practice, shorten treatment duration, and improve patients' prognosis.
Humans ; Tooth Movement Techniques

The structural theory and fabrication of a self-designed rotating auxiliary spring in edgewise technique were described. Rotating auxiliary spring was applied to correct rotated tooth in clinic. It indicated that rotating auxiliary spring was an easy-fabricated, convenient-manipulated device, and could produce an effective treatment results in correcting rotated tooth, especially in the final adjustment stage.
Humans ; Malocclusion ; Tooth Movement Techniques

The bracketless invisible aligner technique has been considered as a new developed orthodontic technique since its appearance during the period of late 1990s. It is characterized with the advantages of more aesthetic, comfortable, simple, high-efficient and predictable compared with current traditional orthodontic techniques depending on brackets and wires for orthodontic tooth movements. There have been many opportunities for further development and clinical application for the technique with the developments of material sciences, computer software and hardware technology, rapid prototyping techniques, et al. Nevertheless, kinds of difficulties and challenges have been and should be met either at present or in the future for this relatively new technique which just occurred around 10 years ago. The histories, developments with opportunities and challenges and prospects of the technique will be reviewed and discussed in this paper.
Humans ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Tooth Movement Techniques

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to investigate differences in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in young and old rabbits after administering the soybean isoflavone genistein during orthodontic tooth movement. Twelve rabbits were used and assigned to four groups (n = 3); OG (old rabbits), OGS (old rabbits + soybean), YG (young rabbits), and YGS (young rabbits + soybean). The rabbit mandibulary incisors were distalised using a nickel-titanium open coil spring (50 g force). Genistein was administered from the initial orthodontic force delivery until day 21, at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg BW once a day. ALP levels (U/mg) were measured on days 1, 7, 14, 21 after orthodontic force delivery using a UV-Vis 6300 spectrophotometer at a 405 nm wavelength. The results were analysed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test (p < 0.05). The ALP levels between the young and old age groups were significantly different. ALP levels were highest in the YGS group, and significantly lowest in the OG group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the ALP level of the OGS group was significantly higher than that in the OG group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, daily consumption of soybean isoflavone genistein could enhance ALP levels during orthodontic tooth movement, particularly in older rabbits.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between apical root resorption and orthodontic tooth movement in growing subjects.

METHODS58 growing subjects were collected randomly into the study sample and another 40 non-treated cases were used as control. The apical resoption of the upper central incisors was measured on periapical film and the incisor displacement was measured on lateral cephalogram. Using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between root resoption and the displacement of the upper incisor apex in each of four direction (retraction, advancement, intrusion and extrusion).

RESULTSThe statistically significant negative association were found between resorption and both intrusion (P < 0.001) and extrusion (P < 0.05), but no significant association was found between resorption and both retraction and advancement. The regression analysis implied an average of 2.29 mm resorption in the absence of apical displacement.

CONCLUSIONSThe likelihood that the magnitude of displacement of the incisor root is positively associated with root resoption in the population of treated growing subjects is very small.

OBJECTIVETo explore certain principle of how osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL) take part in the periodontal tissues remodeling under the combined influence of inflammation and orthodontic force.

METHODSThe positive signals of OPG and OPGL mRNA were measured with in situ hybridzation after orthodontic tooth movement in the experimental periodontitis groups and control ones.

RESULTSThe OPG and OPGL mRNA expression intensity in the experimental group showed difference from control. All their optical density index reached a peak in day 2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONOPG and OPGL play important roles in the periodontal reconstruction induced by inflammation irritation and orthodontic force, and complex interaction could exist between the two factors.

OBJECTIVETo measure the orthodontic forces exerted on the upper right central incisor with the increase of the distance of tooth movement and the thickness of the aligner.

METHODSThe labial movement of upper right central incisor at various distances (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 mm) was designed and the stereolithography model (2 times bigger than the original model) was created with 3-D scanning and tomography output. These models were used to fabricate the aligners with different thicknesses (0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm) of the thermoplastic materials (6 samples for various distances of tooth movement and thicknesses). Orthodontic forces exerted on the upper right central incisor were measured with the micro-stress sensor measurement system.

RESULTSThe orthodontic forces increased with the increase of the thickness of the aligner at the same distance of tooth movement (P < 0.05). The orthodontic force was (1.237 ± 0.082), (1.543 ± 0.059), (3.602 ± 0.102), (6.734 ± 0.063) N when the labial movement of upper right central incisor was 0.3 mm with the aligner of 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mm. The orthodontic forces also increased with the increase of the distance of the tooth movement at the same thickness of the aligner(P < 0.05). The orthodontic force of the aligner of 0.8 mm were (1.354 ± 0.039), (1.288 ± 0.037), (1.479 ± 0.031), (1.799 ± 0.039) N when the upper right central tooth labial movement at 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 mm.

CONCLUSIONSThe orthodontic forces increased with the increase of the distance of tooth movement and the thickness of the aligner.

Contemporary orthodontic care should be a team approach to achieve health and esthetics of soft and hard tissue. It should be given enough attention that periodontal health provides the foundation for tooth movement, and that distinct esthetic results can be achieved by subtle changes in tooth alignment and gingival contours. Orthodontic treatment planning should include evaluation of gingival health and esthetics to anticipate the need for interdisciplinary approaches. Studies on the effect of orthodontic treatment on gingiva can provides basis for maintaining gingival health and esthetic. This article will focus primarily on the gingival health and esthetic care in orthodontic treatment.
Esthetics ; Esthetics, Dental ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Tooth Movement Techniques

OBJECTIVETo analyze the practical effect of distalization of lower cuspiud by light-segmented archwire.

METHODS17 cases were selected. In all cases, two lower first bicuspids were extracted and lower molars were designed as reinforced anchorage. In the first half year, lower cuspids were distalized with light-segmented archwire, and lower incisors were in the physiologic drift stage. Before the treatment, three months and six months after the treatment, cephalograms and study models were recorded respectively. The data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0.

RESULTSThe distance of mesiolization of the first lower molar was 1.14 mm in half a year. The distance of distalization of the lower cuspid was 5.02 mm in half a year. No significant difference was found in LM-MP and SN-MP angle. LI-NB angle was decreased by 9.57 degrees. Crowding of lower incisors was transferred from -2.55 mm to 1.08 mm.

CONCLUSIONDuring distalization of lower cuspid by light-segmented archwire, anchorage tooth was stable, lower cuspids were distalized effectively, and lower incisors drifted towards the ideal position automatically.

After tooth has been removed for a long time, adjacent teeth may tilt to occupy the edentulous space, leading to a break in the occlusal 3D equilibrium and a lack of restorative space. This case report presents a mandibular second molar uprighting with anchorage from a dental implant.
Dental Implants ; Molar ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; Tooth Movement Techniques