PURPOSE: Direct splinting material should have high flexural strength to withstand force during mastication and low modulus of elasticity to provide some movement while force applied for relief of stress. The purpose of this study was to compare flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of several resinous splinting materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four materials; Super-Bond C&B, G-FIX, G-aenial Universal Flo, FiltekTM Z350 XT; were used in this study. Fifteen rectangular bar specimens of each material were prepared. Three-point bending test were performed to determine physical properties. Maximum load at fracture was recorded and flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's tests at a 0.05 level of significance were conducted on all test results. RESULTS: Statistical analysis reveals that Super-Bond C&B had significant low mean value for flexible strength and the other three materials showed no significant difference. For modulus of elasticity, Super-Bond C&B exhibited statistically lower modulus of elasticity. G-FIX presented intermediate result, showing statistically higher modulus of elasticity than Super-Bond C&B but lower than G-aenial Universal Flo and FiltekTM Z350 XT. There was no significant difference on modulus of elasticity between G-aenial Universal Flo and FiltekTM Z350 XT. CONCLUSION: Using a G-FIX, the newly commercially available splinting material, which shows higher fracture resistance properties comparable to flowable and restorative composite resin and a relatively flexible nature might be a beneficial for stabilizing teeth mobility.
Elastic Modulus* ; Mastication ; Splints* ; Tooth Mobility ; Tooth*

This study was performed to investigate the effects of tooth mobility and design of the direct retainer on the stress of supporting tissues in distal extension removable partial denture. Tooth mobility was simulated and four different types of direct retainer such as Akers clasp, I-bar clasp, wrought wire, and Dalbo attachment were designed and stress o the supporting tissues were measured and analyzed with straingauge method. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. 1. The stress revealed at the lingual side of alveolar bone of the abutment tooth in edentulous area was the largest. 2. The stress at the lingual side of alveolar bone of the abutment tooth in edentulous area was increased according to the increases of tooth mobility in I-bar clasp and Dalbo attachment. 3. The stress at the residual ridge crest was the great in Dalbo attachment on mobility 0, in I-bar clasp on mobility 1, and in wrought wire clasp on mobility 2. 4. There was little changes of stress according to the increase of tooth mobility at buccal and lingual side of the residual ridge crest and around the abutment teeth in dentulous area.
Denture, Partial, Removable* ; Tooth Mobility* ; Tooth*

AVM in the mandible is rare. It may present with recurrent episodes of unexplained gingival haemorrhage, bony swelling, tooth mobility or facial asymmetry. We reported our experience in managing a case of a 15 year old Malay girl who presented with a life threatening bleeding from her mandible.
Mandible ; Hemorrhage ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; experience ; Tooth Mobility

PURPOSE: The present study was performed to compare the treatment outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment according to the distribution of attachment loss of a given patient. METHODS: Forty-five patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were divided in two subgroups; Group I patients with teeth manifesting attachment loss of > or =6 mm at one or more sites on the buccal/labial aspect while maintaining an attachment level < or =5 mm at the lingual/palatal aspect, Group II patients with teeth manifesting an attachment level > or =6 mm at more than one site on the lingual/palatal aspect while maintaining an attachment level < or =5 mm at the buccal/labial aspect. The probing pocket depth, probing attachment level, tooth mobility, and chewing discomfort were recorded at baseline and 6 months examinations following non-surgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS: The buccal/labial surfaces of teeth with moderate to severe periodontitis in Group I patients demonstrated a greater amount of pocket reduction, gain of attachment level, and tooth mobility reduction than the lingual/palatal aspects of teeth examined in Group II patients. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the present study, the patients demonstrating attachment loss > or =6 mm at buccal/labial surfaces responded better to the nonsurgical periodontal therapy than those demonstrating comparable attachment loss at lingual/palatal surfaces.
Humans ; Mastication ; Periodontal Pocket ; Periodontitis ; Prognosis ; Tooth ; Tooth Mobility

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the food impaction between implant prostheses and adjacent natural teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, 51 patients with food impaction were selected and investigated mobility, tightness of contact area, gingival index, plaque index, attachment loss, alveolar bone level, proximal caries, marginal ridge distance and occlusal relationships. RESULTS: Food impaction was found in the upper teeth (60.7%) more than the lower teeth (39.2%). Food impaction was occurred on mesial side of implant prostheses (86.2%) more than distal side (13.7%). Food impaction was mostly found in loose or open contact area (94.2%). Food impaction was frequent on stepped relationship between implant and adjacent teeth. CONCLUSION: Treatment plan should include proper adjacent and antagonistic occlusal plane and occlusal surface, to prevent food impaction, and the plan should include less adjacent tooth mobility with proper tightness between implant prostheses and adjacent teeth.
Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Periodontal Index ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Tooth Mobility ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the shear bond strength and fracture pattern in different enamel tooth surface treatments for resin splinting materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: G-FIX and LightFix were used as tooth splinting materials. Twenty bovine mandibular incisors were used for the preparation of the specimens. The exposed enamel surface was separated into four parts. Each tooth was treated with 37% phosphoric acid, 37% phosphoric acid + adhesive resin, 37% phosphoric acid + G-premio bond, and G-premio bond for each fraction. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. After measuring the shear bond strength, the fractured surface of the specimen was magnified with a microscope to observe the fracture pattern. Two-way ANOVA was used to verify the interaction between the material and the surface treatment method. Oneway ANOVA was used for comparison between the surface treatment methods of each material and post-hoc test was conducted with Scheffe's test. An independent t-test was conducted to compare shear bond strengths between materials in each surface treatment method. All statistics were conducted at 95% significance level. RESULTS: G-FIX, a tooth splinting resin, showed similar shear bonding strength when additional adhesive resins were used when material was applied after only acid etching, and LightFix showed the highest shear bonding strength when additional adhesive resins were used after the acid etching. In addition, both G-FIX and LightFix showed the lowest shear bond strength when only self-etching adhesive was applied without additional acid etching. Verification of interactions observed interconnection between resins and surface treatment methods. Most of the mixed failure was observed in all counties. CONCLUSION: When using G-FIX and LightFix, which are tooth-splinting materials, it is considered that sufficient adhesion will be achieved even after applying only acid etching as instructed by the manufacturer.
Adhesives ; Dental Enamel ; Incisor ; Methods ; Splints ; Tooth Mobility ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymerization ability of resin-based materials used for teeth splinting according to the thickness of cure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, the Light-Fix and G-FIX developed for resinous splinting materials and the G-aenial Universal Flo, the high-flowable composite resin available as restorative and splinting material, were used. Ten specimens of the thickness of 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm and 5 mm in diameter for each composite resin (total 120) were prepared. The microhardness of top and bottom surfaces for each specimen was measured by the Vickers hardness testing machine. The polymerization ability of the composite resin for each thickness was statistically analyzed using independent T-test at a 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: There was no difference of polymerization ability regardless of the thickness in the Light-Fix and G-FIX. The G-aenial Universal Flo showed significantly low polymerization ability from the thickness of the 3 mm (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Light-Fix and G-FIX, which are resin-based materials used for teeth splinting, are expected to be suitable for light curing up to 5 mm in thickness.
Hardness Tests ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Splints ; Tooth Mobility ; Tooth

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of guided tissue regeneration(GTR) using a resorbable barrier manufactured from an copolymer of polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic-glycolic acid(PLGA) with those of nonresorbable ePTFE bdmer. Thirty two patients(25 to 59 years old) with one radiographically evident intrabony lesion of probing depth > or =6mm participated in a Gmonth controlled clinical trial. The subjects were randomly divided into three independent groups. The fist group(n=8) received a ePTFE barrier. The second group (n=12) received a resorbable PLA/PLGA barrier. The third group (n=12) received a resorbable PLA/PLGA barrier combined with an alloplastic bone graft. Plaque index (PI), gingival index(GI), probing depth(PD) , gingival recession, clinical attachment level(CAL), and tooth mobility were recorded prior to surgery and at 3,6 months postsurgery. Statistical tests used to analyze these data included independent t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. Probing depth was significantly reduced in all groups at 3,6 months postsurgery and there were not significant differences between groups. 2. Clinical attachment level was significantly increased in all groups at 3, 6 months postsurgery and there were not significant differences between groups. 3. There were not signifiicant differences in probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, tooth mobility between second group (PLA/PLGA barrier) and third group (PLA/RLGA barrier combined with alloplastic bone graft) 4. Tooth mobility was not significantly increased in all groups at 3,6 months postsurgery and there were not significant differences between groups. In conclusion, PLA/PLGA resorbable barrier has similar clinical potential to ePTFE barrier in GTR procedure of intrabony pockets under the present protocol.
Gingival Recession ; Guided Tissue Regeneration* ; Humans* ; Methods ; Tooth Mobility ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the flexural strength of flexible resins and the flexibility of different resin splint (RS) systems in comparison with resin wire splint (RWS) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three different resin materials (G-aenial flo, GA, GC; Superbond, SB, Sun medical; G-fix, GF, GC) were tested flexural strength test in accordance with ISO-4049:2000. For the flexibility test of splint systems, a artificial model with resin teeth was used to evaluate three types of resin splint systems (GA, SB, and GF) and one resin wire splint system. The left central incisor was simulated ‘injured teeth’ with third degree mobility. Three consecutively repeated measurements of periotest value were taken in horizontal direction, before and after splinting to access tooth mobility. The splinting effect was calculated through the periotest value. Differences were evaluated through One-way Anova and Tukey HDS post-hoc tests for pair-wise comparison (α= .05). RESULTS: Although GA group showed significant higher flexural strength than SB and GF groups, all of three different resin splint systems produced a significantly higher and rigid splinting effect compared with 016" resin-wire splint system (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of an in vitro study, it can be stated that resin splint systems are too rigid and may not be acceptable to treat tooth avulsion.
In Vitro Techniques ; Incisor ; Pliability* ; Solar System ; Splints* ; Tooth Avulsion ; Tooth Mobility ; Tooth*

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the change of tooth mobility following orthodontic tooth movement. Six orthodontic patients which had been treated with edgewise appliance were used. Tooth mobility was measured with Periostest at the time of the removal of orthodontic appliance and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24 weeks after appliance removal. Following results were obtained. 1. Tooth mobility upon the removal of orthodontic appliance showed individual variation while incisor showed greater mobility than the other teeth. 2. Tooth mobility showed continued decrease pattern until 24 weeks after appliance removal. 3. While maxillary incisors showed continued decrease pattern during the study period, the other teeth showed steep decline pattern during the first 12 weeks and gentle slope during the second 12 weeks. 4. The tooth mobility of the maxillary second premolar showed the most typical change in terms of the consistency of the decline. 5. There were no significant differences of tooth mobility between heavy and light-contacted anterior teeth during experimental period. The results of the present study suggested that periodontal reorganization is not completed even in 24 weeks following orthodontic tooth movement.
Bicuspid ; Humans ; Incisor ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Recurrence ; Tooth Mobility* ; Tooth Movement* ; Tooth*