Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that has effects on central nervous system.Chronic MA useis linked to serious neurotoxic effects and ultimately cognitive impairments, thus understanding the effect of chronic MA use on cognitive function can improve the treatment of MA abusers and reduce MA relapse. In the present study, we summarized the main results of animal experiments, neuropsychological studies and brain imaging studies on MA abuse and cognitive impairment, which may provide the basis for future research and clinical treatment.

BACKGROUND:There are many experimental studies about compression mechanics of femur after hip replacement at home and aboard. Therefore, it is very important to study the torque, torsion angle, load-displacement relationship of femur after hip replacement. Comparing and analyzing the properties of compression and torsional mechanics of traditional-type prosthesis and anatomical-type prosthesis is of important significance for studying hip replacement and the stability of artificial prosthesis.
OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the stability of traditional-type prosthesis and anatomical-type prosthesis by stimulating femoral axial compression and torsion tests after hip replacement, so as to provide biomechanical parameters for clinic practice.
METHODS: Twelve specimens of left- and/or right-side femur were selected. The femoral necks of 6 left-side femur specimens were retained as the anatomical-type titanium artificial joint prosthesis group, and the femoral necks of the 6 right-side femur specimens were removed as the traditional-type cobalt-chromium-molybdenum artificial joint prosthesis group. The femur specimens in these two groups were respectively placed onto the electronic universal testing machine workbench and were imposed compression stress at the experimental velocity of 5 mm/min. The corresponding displacement values were read under the force of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 N. And then, both ends of the femur specimens from these two groups were placed within the chuck of torsion testing machine, and were imposed torque at the experimental velocity of 1(°)/s. The corresponding torsion angle values were read under the torque force of 5, 10, 15 and 20 N?m.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under the external force of 100 N, the displacement was (2.03±0.06) mm in the traditional-type prosthesis group, and (1.83±0.05) mm in the anatomical-type prosthesis group. Under the torque force of 20 N?m, the torsion angle values of traditional-type prosthesis was (21.7±0.7)°, and that of anatomical-type prosthesis was (13.2±0.4)°. The displacement under the external force of 100 N and the torsion angle values under the torque force of 20 N?m in the anatomical-type prosthesis group were al significantly less than those in the traditional-type prosthesis group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that traditional-type and anatomical-type prostheses have different compression and torsion mechanical properties. The anatomical-type femur prosthesis has a better stability than traditional-type femur prosthesis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between thrombin and cerebral edema of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods 65 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into conventional group and minimally invasive group according to treatment methods,two groups were detected the thrombin concentration of peripheral blood in 1st day,3rd day,5th and 7th day and brain CT were scanned to calculate edema and hematoma volume;meanwhile,patients in minimally invasive group were detected the thrombin concentration of hematoma fluid in 1st day ,3rd day ,5th and 7th day. Results The thrombin concentration in peripheral blood of two groups in 3rd day were significantly increased(5.09 ± 1.05) IU/L and(5.10 ±1.04) IU/L respectively,the thrombin concentration in hematoma fluid of minimally invasive group in 3rd day was significantly increased(7.68 ± 1.49) IU/L and there were significant differences between them with those of 1st day ,5 th and 7 th day(P＜0.05) ;the edema ratio of conventional group at 3rd day and 5th day (0. 72 ± 0. 15 and 0. 76 ± 0. 17 respectively) were significantly higher than those of 1 st day and 7 th day, the differences were statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; the edema ratio of minimally invasive group at 3rd day(0. 70 ±0.14) was significantly higher than those of 1st day,5th day and 7th day,the difference was statistically significant(P＜ 0.05) ;the edema ratio of conventional group at 5th day and 7th day were (0.76 ±0. 17) and(0. 52 ±0. 14) respectively which were significantly higher than those of minimally invasive group, the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0. 05); linear correlation analysis showed: the thrombin concentration of peripheral blood was positively correlated to the edema ratio( r = 0.689, P ＜ 0.05 ) ;the thrombin concentration of hematoma fluid was also positively correlated to the edema ratio ( r = 0. 653, P＜0.05 ). Conclusion Thrombin could lead to the formation of brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage,minimally invasive treatment could help to speed up the subside of cerebral edema in late period ( ＞3d)of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological trend and distribution of stroke mortality in residents of Tianjin, China. Methods The study was based on 102 718 died cases with stroke in Tianjin between 1999 and 2006. The death cause and the stroke typing were coded according to the ICD -9 and ICD -10. Standardized mortality rates were calculated for stroke and its subtypes, adjusted for age and sex according to the world standard population of the Year 2000. The age, sex and geographic distribution of the stroke and its subtype mortality were analyzed. Chi-square tests were used to determine the statistical significance of mortality trends and differences. Results Stroke mortality rate in Tianjin declined from 133.52 / 100 000 / year in 1999 to 102.52 / 100 000/year in 2006. Cerebral infarction accounted for more than 50% of stroke mortality. The stroke mortality rate for males (120.17 / 100 000 to 157.74 /100 000) was higher than that for females (84.87/100 000 to 109.31/100 000). Stroke mortality rates elevated with age (P

Objective To study the relationship between the serum paraoxonase-1(PON1) activity, PON1Q/R192 polymorphism and atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction(ATCI) in Chinese Han people.Methods In 48 cases with ATCI and 55 normal controls (NC group), serum PON1 activity was assayed by infrared spectrophotometer;the PON1Q/R192 polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results Serum PON1 acuivity in the ATCI group was significantly lower than that in NC group[(74.41?18.85) U/ml,(113.65?26.64) U/ml, P

Objective To analyze the impact of allograft category on the result of living related donor kidney transplantation (LRKT)and to evaluate the predominant donors. Methods A retrospective analysis of 104 recipients receiving LRKT from Apr. 2004 to Mar. 2008 was performed. Based on donor resource, all the recipient-donor pairs were divided into four groups: spousal donation group,parental donation group, sibling donation group and cousinly donation group. The observational parameters were selected for analysis, such as average post-transplant hospitalization dates, time for serum creatinine (Scr) back to normal level, Scr levels of every observational time point, incidence of major complications (infection, rejection, DGF) and recipient/graft survival rate. Results Recipient/graft survival rate of sibling donation group seemed higher. Recipients of sibling donation group seemed to have fewer post-transplant hospitalization dates, but higher rates of infection, while those of parental donation group seemed to have higher rates of rejection. Rates of rejection and infection of spousal donation group were lower than supposed. There was no statistically significant difference in time for Scr back to normal level and Set levels of every observational time point among these four groups. Conclusions The result of sibling donor renal transplantation is better, while short-term outcome of spouse donor renal transplantation is ideal, which is similar with parent or cousin donor renal transplantation. Except for human leukocyte antigen, aspects such as quality of donor kidney, predominance during operation and self-administration post-transplant are also the guarantee for the success.

Objective To reassess the treatment of Bosniak category Ⅱ-Ⅲ renal cyst.Methods Sixty-eight cases of Bosniak category Ⅱ-Ⅲ renal cyst were operated from 2005 to 2008 in our institute.The average patient age was 40 years with the average renal cyst diameter of 5.1 cm.There were 37 left lesions and 31 right lesions with 31 cases of category Ⅱ (including 13 cases of category Ⅱ F) and 37 cases of category Ⅲ.Renal unroofing were performed in 49 cases with 9 cases found malignant and followed by radical nephrectomy,19 cases were diagnosed as malignancy preoperatively and nephron sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy were performed in these cases.Results Malignant lesions were found in 21 cases and benign lesions were found in 47 cases.The malignant rate was 9.7％ in category Ⅱ (15.4％ in category Ⅱ F),48.6％ in category Ⅲ.Nine cases were diagnosed benign preoperatively but confirmed malignancy after operation; 7 cases were diagnosed malignancy preoperatively but confirmed benign after operation.Forty-two cases were followed up for 8-65 months with 15 cases of malignancy and 27 cases of benign lesions.The recurrence of renal cyst occurred in 6 cases of benign lesions and recurrence and metastasis occurred in 3 cases of malignancy in 1-5 years.Conclusions It is difficult to draw a therapeutic principle for Bosniak category Ⅱ-Ⅲ renal cyst because of the uncertainty of the lesion.Partial nephrectomy or renal cystectomy is a good choice in the treatment of Bosniak category Ⅱ-Ⅲ renal cysts.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of organic anion transporting polypeptide (SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3) and mycophenolic acid ( MPA)pharmacokinetics in Chinese kidney transplant recipients. Methods Gene mutations (SLCO1B3T334G, SLCO1B1 A338G) were detected in 68 recipients by PCR-LDR. The plasma samples were collected and blood concentration of MPA was measured on the 28 th day after transplantation. The area under the curve (AUC)0-12 of MPA in different genotype recipients was compared to analyze the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and MPA pharmacokinetics. Results MPA AUC0-12 was higher in SLCO1B3 T334G GG carriers group than in TT carriers [(54. 54 ±14.40)vs(37.30±12.88)mg·h·L-1,(P=0.052)].However,there was no difference in MPA AUC0-12 among each genotype of SLCO1B1 A338G (P>0. 05). Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms of SLCO1B3 affect interindividual variety in plasma MPA concentration in Chinese kidney transplantation recipients.

Objective To investigate the change and implication of plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels in renal allograft rejection.Methods The clinical data and biological samples of 46 renal transplant recipients were analyzed rerrospecnvely,including 16 patiens with stable allograft function and no evidence of biopsy-proved rejection (Non-R),22 patients with biopsy-proved acute cellular rejection (ACR),and 8 paients with biopsy-proved chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).Six living related donors served as healthy controls (HC).Plasma OPN level was determined by using the human OPN ELISA kit.Type and grade of ACR were diagnosed based on Banff 03 classification criteria of renal allograft pathology.The plasma OPN levels were compared among different groups.The assistant diagnostic value of plasma OPN levels in differentiating rejection patients were also evaloated.Results The plasma OPN level in HC,Non-R,CAN and ACR groups was ( 12.23 ±5.95),(19.38±8.23),(27.77± 12.27) and (41.84± 18.51) μg/L,respectively.There was no significant difference in plasma OPN levels among HC,Non-R and CAN groups (P＞0.05),but the OPN levels in ACR group were decreased significantly as compared with Non-R and CAN groups (P＜0.05 ).OPN levels were positively correlated with Banff grading of ACR (P＜0.05).OPN levels were significantly different between grade Ia and grade IIb (P＜0.05).Conclusion The change in plasma OPN level has a relationship with acute rejection.Besides,the plasma OPN levels were also positively correlated with the severity of ACR.Monitoring plasma OPN levels should be useful in predicting and evaluating the severity of ACR in renal transplant recipients.

Objective To compare the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) with transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).Methods From July 2009 to March 2013,114 patients were treated in our hospital due to renal carcinoma,including RAPN in 45 patients and LPN in 69 patients.Their data were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical and pathological variables,R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score,operation time (OT),warm ischemia time (WIT),estimated blood loss (EBL),drainage volume,the length of hospitalization,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) outcomes,and complications were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences between the RAPN and LPN group with respect to patient age,sex,tumor laterality,size,R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score,the rate of hilar tumor and preoperative eGFR (P＞0.05).The median OT was shorter in the RAPN group than that in LPN group (165 min vs.196 min,P＜0.05).The median WIT was shorter in the RAPN than that in LPN group (21 min vs.25 min,P＜0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the postoperative eGFR and changing of eGFR within the 2 groups (P＞0.05).The rate of transfusion was similar between the RAPN (2/45) and LPN (4/69) group (P=0.72).There was also no significant difference in EBL (P=0.16).The drainage volume was also similar within two groups (167 ml vs.163 ml,P=0.81).The length of hospitalization was more favorable in the RAPN group (6.5 d vs.8.0 d,P=0.01).In RAPN group,27 cases were clear-cell carcinoma,5 cases were papillary cell carcinoma,2 cases were chromophobe cell carcinoma and 1 1 cases were angioleiomyolipoma.In LPN group,45 cases were clear-cell carcinoma,9 cases were papillary cell carcinoma,3 cases were chromophobe cell carcinoma and 12 cases were angioleiomyolipoma.There was no difference of pathological types between LPN and RAPN groups (P＞0.05).The rate of positive surgical margins was 0％ (0/45) in RAPN group and 1.4％ (1/69) in LPN group (P=0.69).The rates of complication requiring intervention (Clavien grade Ⅲ) were 2.2％ (1/45) and 2.9％ (2/69) in the RAPN and LPN group,respectively (P＞0.05).Median follow up was 12 (4-36) months in the RAPN and 13 (5-34) months in the LPN group.No local recurrence or metastasis occurred in two groups.Conclusions Early comparative outcomes suggest that RAPN has a significant benefit over the LPN in terms of OT,WIT and hospital stay.Meanwhile,it offers equivalent prognosis and postoperative renal function preservation compared with LPN.