OBJECTIVEMicrocapsule chemoembolism is a promising treatment of tumors. We describe a deep lingual arterial embolization of tongue carcinoma with microcapsuled carboplatinum.

METHODSLingual artery cast specimens from cadavers were microscopically examined, and 78 patients with tongue cancer were recruited and treated with the deep lingual arterial embolization therapy.

RESULTSMicrocapsule embolism occurred approximately at the fifth or sixth level of the deep lingual artery branches. The five-year survival rate was 88.5% (69 out of 78), and the ten-year survival rate 52.6% (41 out of 78).

CONCLUSIONThe deep lingual arterial embolization of tongue carcinoma with microcapsuled carboplatinum is an effective therapy to treat carcinoma in mid-margin or mid-body of the tongue.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Capsules ; Carboplatin ; administration & dosage ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Arterial ; Tongue ; drug effects ; Tongue Neoplasms ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of modified Huopo Xialing Decoction (HXD) in treating patients of Pi-Wei dampness-heat syndrome (PWDHS) and its impact on epithelial cell apoptosis of tongue.

METHODSFifty patients with PWDHD were randomized depending on their visiting sequence into two groups, the 30 patients in the treatment group treated with HXD and the 20 in the control group treated with Domperidone. The therapeutic course for both groups was 2 weeks. Besides, a normal control group consisting of 30 healthy volunteers was set up. The changes of tongue fur, grade of major syndromes in different groups were observed and scored before and after treatment to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness, and the apoptotic index (AI) was estimated using TUNEL technique.

RESULTSAI in the two patient groups before treatment was obviously lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); after treatment, AI in the treatment group increased significantly (P < 0.01), with no difference from that in the normal group (P > 0.05), while in the control group, it only showed a slight trend of increasing. Similar outcome of tongue fur grades was seen in the two groups, it was improved significantly (P < 0.01) in the treatment group but insignificantly in the control group (P > 0.05). After treatment, syndrome scores were both lower in the two groups (P < 0.01), but the decrement in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Comparison between groups showed that the total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group (90% vs 65%, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHXD has good clinical efficacy in treating PWDHS, and has good effect in alleviating the greasy yellow tongue fur in patients with PWDHS by accelerating the tongue epithelial cell apoptosis.

Adult ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Tongue ; cytology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using gauze frozen with normal saline or ice on thirst-relief and oral condition of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. METHODS: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants (n=53) received either gauze frozen with normal saline (n=17), ice (n=18) or wet gauze (n=18) for thirst-relief. The subjective thirst level and oral condition of the participants were assessed before the intervention, 15 min after the first intervention and 15 min after the second intervention. RESULTS: After oral care was provided twice, there were significant differences in thirst level among the groups. When oral care was provided twice, the oral condition of tongue, saliva, mucosal membrane, and gingiva was improved in patients receiving gauze frozen with normal saline or ice. CONCLUSION: Gauze frozen with normal saline and ice can be effective for oral care in reducing the thirst level and improving the condition of the oral cavity.
Adult ; Aged ; *Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Female ; Freezing ; Gallbladder Diseases/*surgery ; Gingiva/drug effects ; Humans ; *Ice ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa/drug effects ; Pilot Projects ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; Saliva/physiology ; *Thirst/drug effects ; Tongue/drug effects

OBJECTIVEProspective research demonstrated that Chinese regimen granules of Shenyang could prolong survival time and improve survival rate of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). But the mechanism was not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate Shenyang's effect on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of SD rats with SCC of tongue and explore immunological mechanism.

METHODSAmong 80 SD rats fed by 0.002% 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) drinking water for 36 weeks, 61 rats with SCC of tongue had been found and were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely Shenyang A, Shenyang B, positive and blank control groups. Before and after high and normal dosage of Shenyang, acanthopanax senticoside and water had been given for 15 days respectively, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were detected with flow cytometry. The data were statistically analyzed with paired t Test.

RESULTSPercentage of CD3+ CD4+ T cell and CD3-CD161a+ NK cell, ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were increased. Percentage of CD3+CD8+ T cell was decreased, and the effect was better than that of acanthopanax senticoside in improving the percentage of CD3-CD161a+ NK cell.

CONCLUSIONAmong anti-tumor mechanisms of Shenyang it is that corrects disorder of lymphocyte subsets and increases percentage of CD3-CD161a+ NK cell.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tongue Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology

AIMTo investigate the effect of DAPT (gamma-secretase inhibitor) on the growth of human tongue carcinoma cells and to determine the molecular mechanism to enable the potential application of DAPT to the treatment of tongue carcinoma.

METHODOLOGYHuman tongue carcinoma Tca8113 cells were cultured with DAPT. Cell growth was determined using Indigotic Reduction method. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and Immuno-Fluorescence (IF) were employed to determine the intracellular expression levels.

RESULTSDAPT inhibited the growth of human tongue carcinoma Tca8113 cells by inducing G0-G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The mRNA levels of Hairy/Enhancer of Split-1 (Hes-1), a target of Notch activation, were reduced by DAPT in a dose-dependent manner. Coincident with this observation, DAPT induced a dose-dependent promotion of constitutive Caspase-3 in Tca8113 cells.

CONCLUSIONDAPT may have a therapeutic value for human tongue carcinoma. Moreover, the effects of DAPT in tumor inhibition may arise partly via the modulation of Notch-1 and Caspase-3.

Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; drug effects ; Carcinoma ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; Cyclin D1 ; drug effects ; Dipeptides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; G1 Phase ; drug effects ; Homeodomain Proteins ; drug effects ; Humans ; Receptor, Notch1 ; drug effects ; Repressor Proteins ; drug effects ; Resting Phase, Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Tongue Neoplasms ; pathology ; Transcription Factor HES-1

Innate elastase inhibitors are known to be putatively involved in the regulation of tissue inflammation by inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) derived proteinases. The aim of this study was to evaluate affects of leukocyte elastase suppression and PMN infiltration on wound healing in mouse by administering the recombinant elastase inhibitor guamerin (rEIG) in two different wound models; 1) impaired pin-punctured dorsal mucosa of anterior tongue wound, 60 mice, treated with saline containing rEIG that were fed ad libitum and 2) stable linear excisional cutaneous wound, 40 mice, covered with fibrin sealant containing rEIG. The progress of healing was analyzed by histological methods. The tongue wounds treated with rEIG became edematous around the pin-punctured tongue wound, and influx of inflammatory cells and PMN into the underlying stromal tissue were seen rapidly after wounding and peaked between 2-4 days. Whereas the control mice showed almost no wheal formation in the pin-punctured wound, a far lesser levels of PMN infiltration, and almost complete wound closure in 4 days. In the other model, the liner excisional cutaneous wound treated with fibrin sealant containing rEIG showed early wound constriction, lesser degree of inflammatory cells influx, and complete reepithelialization in 4-5 days, whereas the wound of control mice with the fibrin sealant alone showed contrary delayed reepithelialization, greater degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, and consequencial formation of greater granulation tissue at wound site. Taken together, these data suggest paradoxical effects of rEIG on the wound healing where in the wound exposed to infiltrating milieu of microorganisms in the oral cavity, the rEIG aggravates the wound healing by interfering with other innate defensive factors and extended greater flux of PMNs to inflamed wound site, while in the wound enclosed by fibrin, the rEIG accelerated wound healing by inhibiting the inflammation-generated proteases and the acute inflammatory reaction.
Animals ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive/pharmacology ; Invertebrate Hormones/analysis/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Leukocyte Elastase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Macrophages/immunology ; Mice ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Skin/drug effects/*injuries/pathology ; Tongue/drug effects/*injuries/pathology ; Wound Healing/*drug effects

BACKGROUNDRoundabout 5 (R5) is a monoclonal antibody which can neutralize the binding of Roundabout 1 (Robo1) to Slit2. Oral squamous cell carcinoma angiogenesis was significantly inhibited when R5 blocked slit-robo signaling pathway. However, the effect of R5 on the invasion of tongue cancer cells has not been investigated clearly.

METHODSIn this study, we treated human brain metastasis of tongue cancer cell lines (Tb cells) with R5 at different concentrations, and the control Tb cells were treated with 10 mg/ml immunoglobin G 2b (IgG2b). The effect of R5 on the proliferation, adhension, invasion and motility of Tb cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell attachment assay on fibronectin (FN), wound assay and chemotaxis assay, respectively. And gelatin-incorporated sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to investigate the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9).

RESULTSR5 had no effect on the proliferation of Tb cells. However, R5 could significantly inhibit the motility, attachment and chemotaxis of Tb cells to FN, and it could also significantly inhibit the activity of MMP2 and MMP9 in Tb cells.

CONCLUSIONR5 can inhibit the adhesion, invasion and motility of human tongue carcinoma Tb cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; prevention & control ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Tongue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; mortality

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to investigate the synergistic effects of human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (hTNF-alpha) transfection and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the growth of tongue carcinoma cells.

METHODSThe cultured Tca8113 tongue carcinoma cells was divided into 2 groups, one group was transferred with hTNF-alpha gene. Each of the 2 groups was then divided into 5 subgroups, and the subgroups were added IFN-gamma until the final IFN-gamma concentrations respectively were 0, 10, 100, and 1000 U/ml. After culturing for 48 hours, the survival rates of the all groups of cells were assayed by MTT enzymatic labeling technique, and the expression of hTNF-alpha in Tca8113 cells was observed with immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSIFN-gamma did not affect the growth of Tca8113 cells without hTNF-alpha, however, the transfection of hTNF-alpha with the above different concentrations of IFN-gamma synergistically inhibited the growth of Tca8113 cells, the concentrations of IFN-gamma were positively correlated with the inhibition effects (r = 0.733, P < 0.01), the transferred Tca8113 cells displayed remarkable overexpression of hTNF-alpha, compared with the non-transferred.

CONCLUSIONIFN-gamma can enhance the inhibition of hTNF-alpha transfection on the tongue carcinoma cells.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Tongue Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Chinese herbs during the perioperative period of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

METHODSThree hundred and sixty patients of chronic lithic cholecystitis (LCCT) were randomly assigned to two groups by lottery, 180 patients in each group. During the peri-operative period, the control group was treated with conventional Western medicine and placebo. The treated group was given the same conventional Western medicine and Chinese herbal decoctions, with Shitong mixture No. 1 added before LC, and Liujunzi decoction added after LC for three days. The operation time, body temperature after LC, white blood cell count, wind-breaking time after operation, as well as the changes of tongue coating in the first three post-operative days were recorded.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time (P>0.05), while the improvement in body temperature recovery, wind-breaking time and changes of tongue coating in the treated group were better than those in the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONApplying Chinese herbs during perioperative period of LC could effectively benefit early recovery in such patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Body Temperature ; drug effects ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; adverse effects ; Cholecystitis ; surgery ; Chronic Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Flatulence ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Care ; Postoperative Period ; Recovery of Function ; Time Factors ; Tongue ; drug effects ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in enhancing the lethal effects of bleomycin in Tca8113 cell line.

METHODSTca8113 cells were treated with different concentrations of celecoxib and bleomycin for 24, 48, 72 h. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to calculate cell growth inhibition rate and Jin Zheng Jun's method was used to evaluate the interaction of celecoxib and bleomycin on Tca8113 cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effects of combined use of celecoxib and bleomycin on cell cycle progress and apoptosis.

RESULTSLow dose of celecoxib (10 micromol/L, < IC(50)) combined with bleomycin showed synergism or additive lethal effect on Tca8113 cell line. Celecoxib could notably enhance the inhibitory effect of bleomycin on Tca8113 cells by blocking cell cycle progress and thus resulting in the increasing G(0)/G(1) cells [(60.93 +/- 0.32)%] distribution and inducing apoptosis [(1.87 +/- 0.11)%].

CONCLUSIONSLow doses of celecoxib could significantly enhance the lethal effect of bleomycin on Tca8113 cells by inhibiting cell growth and proliferation through blocking cell cycle progress and inducing apoptosis. The ways of these interactions on inhibiting Tca8113 cell growth were synergistic or/and additive.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Bleomycin ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Celecoxib ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Tongue Neoplasms ; pathology