Objective To explore the effects of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2VD3] on the pathogenesis of asthma.Methods Thirty-two Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group (group A),the asthma group (group B),the 1,25-(OH)2VD3-treated group (group C) and the Dexamethasone-treated group (group D).The allergic mouse models were established by using ovalbumin (OVA).The behavioral changes of mice were observed and the number of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted.HE staining was used to measure the histological changes of lung tissue.The levels of IL-17 and IgE in the BALF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The asthmatic symptoms were more severe in group A than those in the other groups,while they were relieved significantly in group C and group D when treated with 1,25-(OH)2VD3 or Dexamethasone.The number of leukocyte in groups B,C and D [(1.97 ± 0.23) × 108/L,(1.02 ±0.17) × 108/L,(0.95 ±0.14) × 108/L]were higher than those in group A[(0.56 ±0.16) × 108/L] (F =85.58,P ＜ 0.01),and lower in group C and group D than those in group B (all P ＜ 0.01),but there were no significant differences between group C and group D(P ＞0.05).The levels of IgE and IL-17 in group B were significantly higher than those in group A(all P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IgE and IL-17 in group B were significantly lower than those in group C and group D,but higher than those in group A(all P ＜0.01).No significant results were observed between group C and group D (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions IL-17 involves in the inflammation process of asthma,which promotes the respiratory inflammation.1,25-(OH)2VD3 may suppress IL-17 expression to relieve the respiratory inflammation in acute asthmatic mice,the effect of which is similar to that of Dexamethasone on asthma.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of children with severe community acquired pneumonia(CAP)in Qingdao from 2018 to 2020.Methods:The clinical data of 482 children with severe CAP in Qingdao admitted to Women and Children′s Hospital of Qingdao University were collected.BALF was collected by bronchoscopy for detection of bacteria and mycoplasma.Results:(1)Bacterial infection was detected in 139 cases(27.84%), mycoplasma infection in 119 cases(24.69%), and virus infection in 141 cases(29.25%). (2)The detection rates of bacteria and virus infection in the 1-12 months old group were higher.The detection rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae was the highest in the group over 5 years old.(3)A total of 139 strains were positive in bacterial culture of lavage fluid under bronchoscope: 55 strains(39.57%) of gram-negative bacilli and 84 strains(60.43%) of gram-positive cocci.Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common gram-positive bacteria.Haemophilus influenzae was the most common gram-negative strain.(4)Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were highly sensitive to amoxicillin clavulanate potassium, vancomycin and linezolid.The resistance rate to erythromycin was high(100%). (5)Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly sensitive to meropenem and cefoperazone sulbactam.They were highly resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin and cefuroxime(>80%).Conclusion:Severe CAP in Qingdao area is mainly caused by virus and bacteria within 1 year old.Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is the main cause of children over 5 years old.Respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus are main causes of virus infection.Streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are the main pathogens, which are more sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, meropenem and cefoperazone sulbactam, but resistant to erythromycin and amoxicillin.

Objective:To analyze food intolerance status in children in Qingdao by detecting the serum levels of food-specific IgG (sIgG).Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4 249 children aged 0 to 14 years (all were permanent residents of Qingdao City) admitted to Women and Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University from May 2017 to December 2020 for suspected food intolerance were selected as the study objects with the whole sampling method. According to the age, the objects were divided into 4 groups: 0-<1 year group (440 cases), 1-<3 years group (1 761 cases), 3-<6 years group (1 193 cases), and ≥6 years group (855 cases). Positive condition of serum sIgG antibodies of 14 kinds of food in the children were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of the antibodies among different foods, gender and age groups.Results:The total positive rate of food sIgG antibody in 4 249 children was 95.32% (4 050/4 249), the highest positive rate was found in eggs (81.50%) and the lowest positive rate was found in pork (1.15%). The positive rates of sIgG antibody in milk (54.98% vs 49.69%, χ2=11.627), crab (5.59% vs 3.71%, χ2=8.049) and shrimp (4.62% vs 2.75%, χ2=9.784) in boys were significantly higher than those in girls, and the positive rates of sIgG antibody in tomato (49.19% vs 45.54%, χ2=5.510), cod (8.53% vs 5.96%, χ2=10.512) and beef (2.58% vs 1.70%, χ2=3.959) in girls were significantly higher than those in boys (all P<0.05). The total positive rate of sIgG antibody in 14 foods was the lowest in 0-<1 year group (89.09%), and it was the highest in 3-<6 years group (96.98%) ( χ2=63.950, P<0.001). The highest positive rate in 0-<1 year group was found in tomato (56.36%), and it was eggs (85.29%, 88.94%, 85.50%) in all the other 3 groups. The positive rates of corn and beef decreased with age ( χ2=44.098, 20.106, P<0.001), while those of cod and mushroom increased with age ( χ2=32.315, 40.338, P<0.001). The positive rate of wheat (57.13%, χ2=42.273), tomato (57.01%, χ2=209.862), soybean (24.99%, χ2=92.580), crab (6.81%, χ2=33.201), shrimp (6.25%, χ2=47.863) were all the highest in 1-<3 years group among the 4 groups (all P<0.001), and the positive rate of chicken was the highest in 3-<6 years group (7.88%, χ2=29.875; P<0.001). Conclusions:Children in Qingdao have a high level of food intolerance, and the highest positive rate is for eggs. Milk, crab and shrimp should be focused on for boys, while tomatoes, cod and beef shoud be paid more attention to for girls. Children of different ages have different kinds of food intolerance, and their diets should be adjusted reasonably according to the characteristics.

Objective: To explore the imaging changes of lung lesions in patients with imported COVID-19 patients when reaching the discharge standard. Method: The clinical and CT imaging data of 60 patients with imported COVID-19 cured and discharged from January to February 2020 in Anhui Province were retrospectively collected. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the characteristics of chest CT images at discharge were analyzed. Results: Fever (57 cases) and cough (55 cases) were the main symptoms in 60 patients. At the initial diagnosis, 5 cases were mild, 53 were ordinary, and 2 were severe. In 5 light patients, 3 cases were negative in the whole course of CT examination, 2 cases were negative in the first time and abnormal in the second time. . The first CT imaging features of 55 patients (53 common type and 2 severe type)were mainly bilateral lung involvement (51 cases), multiple lesions (33 cases), more common under the pleura (40 cases), and ground glass opacities were the most common. (55 cases). The clinical features of chest CT in clinical outcomes are that the ground glass shadow in the lung gradually fades and was completely absorbed (19 cases); the scope of ground glass shadow in the lung expanded and progressed to crazy-paving, consolidation shadow, and the lesion gradually absorbs again followed by Fibrous cord shadows (27 cases); ground-glass opacities in the lungs quickly progressed to a consolidation and then slowly absorbed . Most of the lesions were accompanied by more residual fibrous cord shadows (4 cases). In 2 severe patients, the lesions in the lungs were larger ground glass, and a big amount of fibrous foci remained after slowly absorption. Conclusion Chest CT plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of imported COVID-19, and the degree of lung involvement seen on CT images is in good agreement with clinical outcome.

Moutan Cortex is an important traditional Chinese medicine, "Fengdan Pi" was known as Dao-di herbs from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa cv. Feng Dan for its extracted various active components. However, the genetic basis for their activity is virtually unknown. The transcriptome of the root bark from "Fengdan" was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing platform. The clean reads were then de novo assembled into 72 997 unigenes. Among them, the number of unigenes which could been annotated by dataset Nr and GO was 41 139 and 34 592. The 20 016 unigenes could been annotated by KEGG dataset, which were involved in 5 major categories, 34 middle categories, and 352 metabolism pathways. The number of unigenes which were mapped to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway, terpenoid biosynthesis pathway, alkaloid biosynthesis pathway, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was 214, 104, 152, 55 and 36 respectively, suggesting that they are involves in these pathways of pharmaceutically important. Furthermore, there also showed remarkable differences in groups which enrichment ratio of the different expressed gene compared. In addition, a total of 9 939 SSRs were identified from the sequence of 72 997 unigenes. This study not only provides many valuable basal data which was important gene in the synthesis pathway of secondary metabolites with gene searching, but also has important significance to find molecular marker in germplasm for breeding and improvement.

AIM: To study the distribution of CYP2C9∗3 and VKORC1-1639G>A gene polymorphism in Han population in Anhui province and their influence on the stable dose of warfarin. METHODS: The blood samples of 1 169 patients from 6 tertiary general hospitals in 5 areas of Anhui province from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected, the genotype of CYP2C9∗3 and VKORC1-1639G>A was detected by fluorescent staining in situ hybridization technique. RESULTS: The distribution of CYP2C9∗3 genotypes in 1 169 patients: the frequencies of AA, AC and CC genes were 90.16%, 9.24% and 0.60%, respectively; The distribution of VKORC1 genotype: the frequencies of AA, AG and GG genes were 84.26%, 14.71% and 1.03% respectively; There was no significant difference between the two genotypes in gender, age and regional distribution (P>0.05). The average daily warfarin dose of CYP2C9∗3 AA genotype in 755 patients with stable warfarin dose was (3.02±0.59) mg/d, which was significantly higher than patients with AC genotype and CC genotype; The average daily warfarin dose of patients with VKORC1-1639AA genotype was (2.72±0.40) mg/d, which was significantly lower than that of patients with AG genotype and GG genotype (P<0.05). And the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); There are significant differences in gender, age and clinical diagnosis between patients with stable dose of warfarin and those without stable dose (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes are associated with the stable dose of warfarin. Clinical anticoagulation therapy guided by CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes can provide guidance for individualized medication of warfarin.

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.