Gut microbiota(GM)consists of a complex community of microorganism species that live in the digestive tracts of animals including humans. Dysbiosis is believed to involve in the development of some diseases. Recently dysbiosis in the patients with Alzheimer′s disease(AD)and AD rat models was reported. GM may influence the pathogenesis and development of AD in several ways. Some neurotoxic substances produced by GM can invade into the brain via circulation and impair the neural functions. These sub?stances include ammonia,cyanobacteria-producedβ-N-methylamino-L-alanine,saxitoxin,anatoxin-αand amyloid. The decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in hippocampus and cerebral cortex induced by dysbiosis contributes to the cognitive dys?function. Dysbiosis related endotoxin can induce inflammation,which is one important risk factor for obesity,insulin resistance(IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(TIDM). AD and diabetes have good correlation and similarity. Probiotics,prebiotics and Chinese herbal medicines can rebuild GM and have been reported to ameliorate the memory loss of AD patients or model rats. However ,whether and how their preventative and therapeutic effects on AD mediated by GM are worthy of further investigation.

Objective To investigate application value and significance of mixed reality technology in surgical treatment and doctor-patient communication for vestibular schwannoma. Methods We selected randomly 13 vestibular schwannoma patients treated with surgical treatment. After the three-dimensional models were constructed, preoperative surgical planning and doctor-patient communication were performed with mixed reality technology. Craniotomy through retrosigmoid sinus approach, tumor resection and facial nerve protection were achieved intraoperatively with the assistance of mixed reality technology. Questionnaires were collected and facial nerve function of 13 patients was recorded one week after operation. Results Holographic model images of 13 cases were showed successfully using mixed reality technology. The locations of preoperative facial nerves reconstructed were completely consistent with actual locations in 10 cases (84.6%). After preoperative anatomic analysis, it was decided to remove partly the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal in 11 cases. The result of doctor-patient communication questionnaire showed that 13 patients and their family all had a thorough understanding of the condition, operative plan and risks, and expressed satisfaction with the preoperative conversation. With the assistance of mixed reality technology, the tumors were resected totally without injury of vein sinus in 13 cases. The facial nerve function was gradeⅠin 3 cases, gradeⅡin 6 cases, grade Ⅲ in 3 case and grade Ⅳ in 1 case based on House-Brackmann grading one week after surgery. Conclusion Mixed reality technology is quite helpful in individual surgical planning and preoperative doctor-patient communication. It helps reduce the side injuries of surgery and protect the function of facial nerve as a surgical assistant tool intraoperatively.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of SNHG5 regulating the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells by targeting miR-421. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR test was performed to detect the expression levels of SNHG5 and miR-421 in 31 cases of GBM tissue samples and 32 cases of normal brain tissue samples. After increasing or decreasing SNHG5 expression in U87 cell lines by lentivirus or plasmid transfection, the changes of miR-421 expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR, to explore the correlation between SNHG5 and miR-421 in GBM. The dual-luciferase reporter test was performed to explore the target interaction of SNHG5 and miR-421. The plasmids with low expression of SNHG5 and miR-421 were cotransfected into U87 cells for the rescue experiment. CCK-8 test, Transwell test, flow cytometry and tumor cell xenograft in nude mice were used to verify molecular mechanism of SNHG5 regulating the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of GBM in vitro and vivo. Results The expression level of miR-421 was decreased in U87 cell line after SNHG5 upregulation. In addition, the expression level of miR-421 was increased in U87 cell line after SNHG5 downregulation (P < 0.05). The expression level of SNHG5 was correlated negatively with the expression of miR-421 in GBM and U87 cell line. The result of luciferase reporter tests indicated SNHG5 targetedly interacted with miR-421. Rescue experiment results showed that compared with si-SNHG5+miR-421-inhibitor group, the proliferation, invasion and anti-apoptosis ability of U87 cells were significantly inhibited in the si-SNHG5+control-inhibitor group, the expression levels of BAX and p21 were significantly higher, the expression levels of CyclinD1 and Bcl-2 were lower remarkably (P < 0.05). Conclusion SNHG5 promotes the proliferation, invasion and anti-apoptosis of GBM by targeting miR-421 and regulating the expression of CyclinD1, p21, BAX and Bcl-2. Downregulation of miR-421 is related to SNHG5 overexpression in GBM.

OBJECTIVETo develop a green and rapid method for extraction of lobetyolin from C. pilosula.

METHODExtraction of lobetyolin from C. pilosula with supercritical carbon dioxide in the presence of ethanol was studied. The effects of pressure, temperature, volume of cosolvent and extraction time on efficiency and their interactive relationships were discussed, based on central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM).

RESULTThe key effect factor was volume of cosolvent. The extraction yield of lobetyolin was 0.078 6 mg x g(-1) when C. pilosula (40-60 mesh) was extracted at 30 MPa, 60 degrees C and 2 L x min(-1) (as CO2 in normal pressure and temperature) for 100 minutes with supercritical CO2 and 1 mL x min(-1) ethanol as dynamic cosolvent.

CONCLUSIONThis result is better than that obtained from traditional method. Therefore, the optimized process is valuable for extraction of lobetyolin from C. pilosula.

Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Polyacetylenes ; chemistry

Objective To observe the changes of serum inflammatory cytokines and clincal effect of Jiawei-Xinglou-Chengqi decoction and Huoxue-Huatan decoction on the patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 85 stroke patients were selected from April 2015 to April 2016 in our hospital and divided into the observation group (43 cases) and control group (42 cases) using the random number method. The control group was treated with conventional therapy, and the observation group combined Jiawei-Xinglou-Chengqi decoction and Huoxue-Huatan decoction based on the treatment of control group. Thetreatment last for 2 weeks. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the patients mental function defect, the Barthel Index (activities of daily living, ADL) to evaluate the ability of daily life, and the TC, TG, LDL-C, and the fibrinogen, platelet count, prothrombin time, clinical evaluation were detected and compared. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 100.0％ (43/43), while the control group was 81.0％ (34/42), and the difference between both groups was statistically significant (χ2=9.041, P<0.01). After treatment, the NHISS (5.24 ± 2.61 vs.12.78 ± 3.93, t=10.443) in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group, and the ADL (89.75 ± 6.51 vs. 72.22 ± 5.24, t=14.197) in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). The serum levels of TC (4.6 ± 0.9 mmol/L vs. 5.42 ± 0.7 mmol/L, t=21.538), TG (2.0 ± 0.8 mmol/L vs. 2.4 ± 0.6 mmol/L, t=8.585), LDL-C (2.7 ± 0.8 mmol/L vs. 3.1 ± 0.8 mmol/L, t=9.092) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The fibrinogen (2.81 ± 0.46 g/L vs. 2.95 ± 0.51 g/L, t=8.592) in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01), and prothrombin time (16.14 ± 1.62 s vs. 15.34 ± 1.18 s, t=14.139) in the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions The combination of Jiawei-Xinglou-Chengqi decoction and Huoxue-Huatan decoction could improve curative effect, reduce blood lipid, improve coagulation function, improve quality of life and promote recovery of nerve function in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To observe the Rongnao-Tongluo-Yizhi decoction combined with flunarizine hydrochloride capsules for chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI) patients with the cognitive dysfunction. Methods A total of 90 patients with CCCI in our hospital from October 2015 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into the control group (n=45) and the treatment group (n=45). The control group were given conventional western medicine treatment, oral Fluorine Hydro chloride Capsules. The observation group received Rongnao-Tongluo-Yizhi decoction combined with notifying kidney and essence method treatment on the basic treatment of control group. The clinical effect rates of two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.3％, and the control group was 71.1％. There was significant difference between groups (χ2=6.157, P=0.013). After treatment, the serum TNF-α (0.71 ± 0.13 ng/ml vs. 1.02 ± 0.15 ng/ml, t=3.652), IL-8 (1.94 ± 0.12 ng/ml vs. 4.51 ± 0.54 ng/ml, t=3.367), hs-CRP (1.01 ± 0.14 mg/L vs. 2.15 ± 0.29 mg/L, t=3.701) of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The average blood flow velocity of basal artery (47.51 ± 3.63 cm/s vs. 42.21 ± 4.21 cm/s, t=7.385), the left side of the vertebral artery (42.12 ± 7.36 cm/s vs. 35.23 ± 2.23 cm/s, t=6.940), the right side of the vertebral artery (43.21 ± 6.18 cm/s vs. 38.46 ± 7.16 cm/s, t=3.890) in the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). The treatment group total score (28.1 ± 6.3 vs. 25.0 ± 6.4, t=2.315) was higher than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions The Rongnao-Tongluo-Yizhi decoction combined therapy could improve the symptoms, cognitive level, and quality of life of patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of microsurgery for parafalcine meningioma through contralateral longitudinal fissure approach assisted by 3DSlicer software.Methods:From January 2020 to January 2021, 18 patients with parafalcine meningioma in The second hospital of Hebei Medical University were randomly selected as the observation group.The contralateral longitudinal fissure was treated by microsurgery assisted by 3DSlicer software.Before operation, improve the imaging examinations such as brain CT plain and enhancement, magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance venography, establish the models of tumor, superior sagittal sinus and superior cerebral artery by using 3DSlicer software, analyze the positional relationship between tumor and superior sagittal sinus and superior cerebral vein, and remove the tumor by contralateral longitudinal fissure approach.Nineteen patients with parafalx meningioma treated by traditional ipsilateral longitudinal fissure approach from January to December 2019 were selected as the control group.The differences in operation time, intraoperative bleeding, limb muscle strength recovery rate, headache and dizziness relief rate were compared between the two groups.Results:In the observation group, the positional relationship between the reconstructed tumor and the superior cerebral vein above its base was completely consistent with the actual situation during the operation.All patients underwent Simpson grade I resection, and there was no injury to the superior cerebral vein and venous sinus during the operation.The recovery rate of limb muscle strength in the observation group (75%(9/12)) was higher than that in the control group (23%(3/13))( P=0.009). There was no significant difference in the operation time, intraoperative bleeding and the remission rate of headache and dizziness one week after operation in the observation group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:3DSlicer software was helpful for preoperative evaluation of the positional relationship between parafalcine meningioma and the anatomic structures such as superior cerebral vein and superior sagittal sinus.Under the guiding of 3DSlicer software, surgeon removed the tumor totally through the contralateral longitudinal fissure approach, which effectively reduced the operative side injury of the important structures such as superior cerebral vein and functional cerebral cortex, and contributed highly to the recovery of limb muscle strength of patients.