Anemia is one of the common complications in preterm infants.Although there are many factors that can cause anemia of prematurity (AOP), erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency is one of the main causes of AOP.Insufficient EPO levels in premature infants and their mechanisms are the hotspots of AOP research at home and abroad.The rational use of EPO for prevention and treatment of AOP has become an international consensus and significant clinical outcomes have been obtained.The recent progress in the field of AOP, the relationship between EPO and AOP, and the clinical application and efficacy of EPO in the prevention and treatment of AOP in recent 3 to 5 years have been reviewed.

Objective To make the horizontal and vertical mechanical evaluation for different access devices (Port) in transumbilical laparoscopic surgery, and to compare the maneuverabilities of these devices during the process. Methods A laparoscopic training box was combined with Multi-ports, TriPort and SILS Port to construct the evaluation platforms. A universal testing machine was used for evaluating the mechanics of the three devices on horizontal and vertical direction by traction experiments. Results In the horizontal traction experiment, the forces were significantly different on the instruments with different access devices (Multi-ports

The chemotherapy agent L-asparaginase (L-asp) has been an important part of acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy for over 30 years. It is evident that L-asp has a long-term curative effect. However, L-asp is associated with high incidence of adverse reactions. This has prompted the development of pegylated asparaginase (PEG-asp), which has undergone extensive testing. Apparently, PEG-asp has a prolonged half-life with a better tolerance profile while retaining the antileukemic effect. In this review, we attempt to outline the history of clinical application of L-asp, the pharmacological and clinical potential of various preparations of L-asp, the development of PEG-asp, and the clinical application and adverse events of PEG-asp. The literatures reviewed in this article is collected through online search of the major databases both in English and Chinese.
Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asparaginase ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Pancreatitis ; chemically induced ; Polyethylene Glycols ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy

The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the expression of heat stress protein 70(Hsp70) in human bronchi smooth muscle cells were investigated in vitro, and the changes in Hsp70 mRNA in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their significance were explored. Human bronchi smooth muscle cells were cultured with CSE at the different concentrations. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 was detected by reverse translation-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting respectively. Levels of Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 in lymphocytes from 20 patients with COPD and 20 healthy smoking control subjects were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed the expression of both Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 was decreased conformably in human bronchi smooth muscle cells treated with CSE at certain concentration in vitro. The A values of the Hsp70 mRNA expression were 0. 24±0.11 and 0.42±0.13 respectively in COPD patients and healthy smoking controls with the difference being significant (P＜0.01). There was also significant difference in the A values of the Hsp70 expression between COPD patients and healthy smoking controls (20.9±9.9 vs 44.8±15.3, P＜0.01). The levels of Hsp70 mRNA had strongly positive correlation with Hsp70 protein (r = 0. 85, P＜0.01). It was suggested that the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was in concordance with the expression of Hsp70, which could provide a basis on the study of Hsp70 gene regulation and Hsp70 gene in the development of COPD.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of structural family therapy (SFT), which refers to the application of the theory and technology of SFT for improving the internal family environment of pediatric patients through reorganization of the family roles, tasks, and boundaries, on the family structure and function in children with hematological tumors.

METHODSForty children with hematological tumors were randomly divided into SFT and control groups (n=20 each). The control group received conventional chemotherapy. The SFT group received SFT by a trained therapist in addition to conventional chemotherapy; the family of each patient received SFT four times (once every two weeks). Both groups were assessed by the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) on admission and one month after the end of SFT.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the SFT group showed significant decreases in all factor scores of FAD (P<0.05); the SFT group had significantly lower scores of problem solving, communication, roles, affective involvement, behavior control, and general functioning than the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the SFT group had significantly increased FES-CV scores of cohesion, emotional expression, intellectual-cultural orientation, and active-recreational orientation and a significantly decreased score of conflict after treatment (P<0.05), and the SFT group was significantly superior to the control group in terms of these items (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSFT could promote beneficial family changes in children with hematological tumors by improving the family function and internal environment, which would increase the long-term chemotherapy compliance of these children and their parents.

Child ; Family ; Family Therapy ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the neurocognitive function of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and long-term disease-free survival and related influencing factors.

METHODSA total of 40 ALL children with long-term disease-free survival were enrolled as study group, and 40 healthy children were enrolled as control group. The Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC), continuous performance test (CPT), and Stroop test software were used for the evaluation of all children. Neurocognitive function was compared between groups and influencing factors were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the study group had significantly lower full intelligence quotient, verbal intelligence quotient, and performance intelligence quotient in C-WICS (P<0.05) and significantly higher numbers of mistakes and misses in CPT (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the numbers of correct answers, mistakes, and misses of word-color consistency between the study group and the control group (P>0.05), while the study group had significantly higher numbers of mistakes and misses of word-color contradiction and irrelevance (P<0.05). The total dose of high-dose methotrexate and ALL risk classification were associated with the reduction in intelligence quotient, and children's younger age at diagnosis of ALL was associated with the higher numbers of misses and mistakes. Girls tended to have a significantly lower performance intelligence quotient than boys (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSALL children with long-term disease-free survival have neurocognitive impairment, which may be associated with the dose of chemotherapeutic drugs, age at diagnosis, and sex.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; mortality ; psychology

To investigate the treatment of hyperthyroidism complicated with pretibial myxedema. Three patients with hyperthyroidism complicated with pretibial myxedema were treated with topical injection of corticosteroid at the skin lesion. All 3 patients were cured with pretibial mucous edema by local injection of corticosteroids. Multi-point injection of glucocorticoid combined with maintaining euthyroid state is effective and has little side effect.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics of yolk sac tumor of the testis with concomitant testicular hydrocele in children and the association between the two conditions in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 7 cases of stage-I yolk sac tumor of the testis with concomitant testicular hydrocele. The patients ranged in age from 6 to 14 (mean 11) months. As treatment, we performed radical high spermatic cord orchiectomy after diagnosis established on intraoperative frozen sections, and conducted follow-up visits by medical examination, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection, chest X-ray, ultrasonography and CT for 3-41 (mean 17) months, every month in the first year, every 3 months in the second year and every 6 months in the third year after surgery.

RESULTSPostoperative pathology confirmed yolk sac tumor in all the cases, with negative incisal margin. The level of serum AFP were decreased to normal in 6 cases within 1 month after surgery, all diagnosed as at stage I, and cured without chemotherapy. The other 1 case, with the serum AFP level of 116 microg/L at 1 month after operation, was diagnosed as at stage II and received PVC chemotherapy, but lost to follow-up at 3 months post-operatively.

CONCLUSIONYolk sac tumor of the testis with concomitant testicular hydrocele is easily misdiagnosed in children. Ultrasonography is necessitated as routine examination in its diagnosis. Radical high spermatic cord orchiectomy can be performed for patients in stage I, and chemotherapy should follow for those in stage II. Its prognosis is similar to that of other yolk sac tumors. Hitherto, there has been no evidence for a definitive correlation between yolk sac tumor of the testis and hydrocele in children.

Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Spermatic Cord ; surgery ; Testicular Hydrocele ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Testicular Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Testis ; pathology ; Ultrasonography ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; metabolism

In radical gastrectomy, D2 systemic lymphadenectomy, which includes complete resection of the bursa sac and omentum, and D2 extended lymphadenectomy outside the bursa sac, is a standard procedure accepted by gastrointestinal surgeons generally. However, a series of clinical trials showed that both D2 extended lymphadenectomy and bursectomy could not improve oncologic benefit, but increase surgical risk. These findings showed a lot of conflicts in gastric cancer surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, even in oncological surgery. It was demonstrated that bursa sac and greater omentum were neither mesogastrium nor the proximal segment of dorsal mesogastrium (PSDM), which has been identified recently. Local physiological structures (such as blood vessels and lymphatic nodes) and pathological events (such as lymph nodes metastasis and metastasis V) only occur in mesentery in broad sense (i.e. PSDM). Broken PSDM during radical gastrectomy can result in cancer cell leakage into the operational field. Therefore, complete PSDM excision in the D2 field (D2+CME) is suggested as a better procedure for local advanced gastric cancer, which can get benefits not only in surgical hazard, but also in oncologic result. The results of PSDM research could lead to three changes: (1) resolving some long standing problems in gastric cancer surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, and even oncologic surgery; (2) opening an new era for finding and utilizing extra-intestinal mesentery in broad sense; (3) formulating the theory of membrane anatomy which may update, iterate and upgrade related information of classical anatomy, pathology, surgery and oncology.
Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mesentery ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

Traditionally, a novice ear doctor acquires the skillfully operative ability through dissecting cadaveric temporal bone in ear surgical training lab. For conceivable reasons donated bodies are always short in supply, virtual reality-based simulator provides a new model for surgical training. It has been proven that the simulator is a useful tool for surgical training. And it can be used in the rehearsal of operation procedures, real-time operation guidance, and remote surgery. Our design is different from the existing virtual surgical system. It has a parallel, distributed multi-workstation with the vivid three-dimensional model of temporal bone, and it can be used not only to learn the ear surgical skills in the virtual environment, but also preoperative plan and surgical consultation.
Ear Diseases ; surgery ; Microsurgery ; methods ; Otolaryngology ; education ; User-Computer Interface