Objective:To search for pathogen distribution of hospital-acquired pneumonia and their sensitivity to antibiotics.Methods:156 strains were isolated from 557 in patients in respiratory department and intensive care units from 2002 to 2004 of our hospital,and the sensitivity rates to antibiotics were analyzed by drug sensitivity test.Results:Of the 156 strains,66.03% were Gram-negative bacilli,with 20.51% as Pseudomonas aeruginosa,11.54% Encherichia coli,and 9.62% Klebsiella pneumonia,and the sensitivity rates of the 6 species of Gram-negative bacilli to imipenem were high;27.56% were Gram-positive cocci,were 15.38% as Staphylococus Aureus,and 8.97% Streptococcus pneumoniae,which were sensitive to vancomycin;10.7% were Fungi(8 strains of Candida albicans).Conclusions:The main isolated pathogens from HAP patients were Gram-negative bacilli,and the sensitive rate of which to imipenem was the highest,to cefoperazone-sulbactam was the second,and 6.41% of the HAP patients accompanied fungus infection.

1.Assessing CEA,CA199,CA125,CA153 could significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity.The sensitivity of combined assay with serum CEA+CA199 in diagnosing malignant pleural effusion was 92.2%,and the specificity was 90.9%.Conclusion:Tumor markers of CEA,CA199,CA125 and CA153 have high clinical values in differential diagnosis of cancerous and tuberculous pleural effusion.The combined assay with CEA+CA199 should be recommended.

Objective:To evaluate the value of CT-guided fine-needle percutaneous biopsy in diagnosing patients with the lung lesions.Methods:Aspiration biopsy was performed in 120 patients with 7#～9# puncture needle and Bard biopsy needle guided and located by CT.Results:Cytological and histological materials were available in 84 (70%)cases for successful diagnosis of lung cancer.Sensitivity of cytological examination amounted to 72.6%(61/84) and that of histological examination 80.9%(68/84);sensitivity of biopsy were 93.3% ,and specificity of biopsy were 100%.The diagnosis rate was 97.5%.Complications occurred in 8 cases(6.7%),including 5 cases of pneumothorax and 3 cases of hemoptysis.Conclusion:CT-guided fine-needle percutaneous biopsy is a successful,efficient and safe diagnotic method with accuracy and few complications,which can provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and should be recommended for wider use.

Objective: To approach the fiberobronchoscopic characteristics of malignant atelectasis.Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data and fiberobronchoscopic findings of 71 patients with malignant atelectasis was made.Results: Atelectasis occurred in the right lung more than in the left with the ratio of 1.6 to 1,and in the upper lobe more than in the lower lobe with the ratio of 2.29 to 1.The direct fiberobronchoscopic features of lung cancer were present in all patients.Tubular masses were seen in most cases(43 cases,76.06%).Among the 71 cases there were 43 cases of squamous carcinoma(60.56%) which was of the pathological category.And the morphological features in fiberobronchoscopic findings were closely related to the pathological categories of lung cancers.Conclusion: Patients with atelectasis discovered by means of X-rays should be examined with fiberobronchoscopy as early as possible for final diagnosis.

Objective To study the expression of KAI1/CD82 in non-small cell lung carcinomas(NSCLC) and explore the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.Methods The S-P immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of KAI1/CD82 in 62 specimens of primary NSCLC and 22 specimens of lymph node metastatic tissues. Twenty specimens from the normal tissues adjacent to the tumor over 5 cm were used as negative controls.Results The expression level of KAI1/CD82 in NSCLC(32.26%) was lower than that in negative control tissues(85.0%) (P

Objective To evaluate the value of lung function and blood gas analysis in early diagnosis and treatment of inter‐stitial lung disease(ILD) .Methods The pulmonary function and blood gas of 26 cases of ILD patients were tested ,and indicator change was analyzed by paired t test .Results Detection comparison showed that the indicators were significantly improved :VC in‐creased 24 .6% (P<0 .01) ,FVC increased 18 .1% (P<0 .01) ,DLCO increased 25 .6% (P<0 .01);blood gas analysis of PaCO2 decreased 21 .2% (P>0 .05) ,PaO2 increased 8 .2 % (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Lung function and blood gas measurement are impor‐tant in the early diagnosis and treatment of ILD ,which can provide the necessary basis for clinical diagnosis ,treatment and progno‐sis .

Objective To investigate the effect of Skp2 gene silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of SPC-A-1 lung cancer cells .Methods Specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA ) targeting Skp2 gene was introduced into lung cancer cells by Lipo-fectamine 2000 and the positive clones were screened by G418 .The Skp2 mRNA and protein expression level of lung cancer cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot .M TT method and flow cytometry (FCM ) analysis were used to observe the effect of RNAi on proliferation of lung cancer cells .Cell apoptosis was analyzed by FCM .Results Transfected with Skp2 shRNA expression vector significantly reduced the expression of Skp2 protein in lung cancer cells .Inhibition efficiency was respectively (75 .3 ± 5 .1) , (70 .4 ± 3 .2) .P27 protein expression was increased significantly in lung cancer cells .The growth of lung cancer cells transfected with Skp2 shRNA was blocked ,with Gl phase cells increased and S phase cells decreased .The apoptosis rate of cancer cells was higher in Skp2 shRNA groups than in control groups .Apoptosis rates were (17 .5 ± 2 .8)% ,(15 .6 ± 3 .1)% in Skp2 shRNA groups .Conclusion Specific inhibition of the expression of Skp2 can slow down the growth of lung cancer cells ,increase cell apop-tosis .

Objective To explore the effect of low-dose cyclophosphamide(CTX)on apoptosis of implanted human lung carcinoma in nude mice.Methods BALB/c nude mice bearing lung carcinoma were randomized into several groups,each receiving different dose of CTX respectively.We investigated antitumor effect and toxicity of CTX.At the end of experiment,tumors were resected for immunohistochemical staining.Nuclear factor ?B(NF-?B P65)was detected and apoptosis was measured by TUNEL.Morphological changes of tumor cells were observed.Results The volume of tumors was much smaller in mice receiving continuous low-dose CTX than that receiving maximally tolerated dose of CTX and normal saline(control group).The apoptotic index was increased and NF-?B P65 decreased in the mice receiving low-dose of CTX.Conclusion The continuous low-dose of CTX inhibits the growth of implanted tumor and increases tumor cell apoptosis,which may be due to the down-regulation of nuclear factor ?B.

Objective To explore the effect of different doses of cyclophosphamide(CTX) on the drug-resistance of implanted human A549 lung cancer in nude mice,and investigate the anti-tumor effect and toxicity.Methods BALB/c nude mice bearing A549 lung carcinoma were randomized into low-dose metronomic(LDM) CTX group,maximum tolerate dose(MTD) CTX group and normal saline group.The changes of tumor volume,weight and toxicity were observed.Expression of glutathione S-transferase-?(GST-?) and lung resistance-related protein(LRP) in the tumor were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method.Results In LDM CTX group,the tumor grew fast at first,then slowed down gradually and grew slowly for a long time,while in MTD CTX group tumor grew slowly at first,then it accelerated.Side effects of chemotherapy:the weight of nude mice was lost persistently in MTD CTX group,while lost insignificantly in LDM CTX group.No obvious toxicity was observed in LDM CTX group.GST-? and LRP expression in LDM CTX group were not significantly different from those in the control,but significance was seen in MTD CTX group compared with those in the control(P

0.05).CONCLUSIO_ NS:The two sets of regimen are similar in their efficacies and toxicity,both with satisfactory tolerance.