Mucins(MUC)are secreted by the epithelial cells of polymer ,the height of glycosylation gly-coprotein,widely existing in the respiratory system ,digestive system,urogenital system in the mucosa epithelium and mucus secretion .The resent studies show that sticks are closely associated with tumor protein family .Among them,the sticky protein 1(CA153)and 16 mucins(CA125)has been confirmed that the abnormal expression in the bile duct carcinoma.However,there is unclear relationship between the development ,invasion,metastasis and prognosis of gallbladder .Based on the retrospective literature at home and abroad in recent years , the research progress on the sticky protein 1 and mucins 16 in the gallbladder is summarized in the present review .

Objective To investigate the effects of ultrasound irradiating hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)-loaded microbubbles on apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells, and to clarify its probable mechanism. Methods The SMMC-7721 cells were randomly divided into six groups as follows: control group, blank liposome microbubbles plus ultrasound, HCPT-loaded microbubbles, HCPT, HCPT plus ultrasound,and HCPT-loaded microbubbles plus ultrasound. Apoptosis was ascertained by Annexin V-Fire/ PI and TUNEL methods. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein was detected by immunocytochemistry staining technique. Results In the group of HCPT-loaded microbubbles plus ultrasound,the apoptosis rate at early term was found to reach (12.18 ± 1.38)% by Annexin V-Fitc/PI assay, brown-colored positive apoptotic cells were observed and the apoptosis rate at advanced term was found to reach (34.25 ± 1.83)% with TUNEL method. The expression of Bcl-2 was found to decrease,the expression of Bax increase,and the ratio of Bcl-2/bax significantly decrease by immunocytochemistry staining technique in the same group. Differences with other groups were significant. Conclusions The method of ultrasound irradiating HCPT-loaded microbubbles can notability induce human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells apoptosis. The decrease in the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax might be responsible for cells apoptosis.

Objective To explore the expression of 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11-β HSD2) gene in placenta of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and the relationship between different expression of 11-β HSD2 in placenta and newborn's birth weight or placental weight. Methods Thirteen cases of term pregnancy mothers with PIH complicated by IUGR were served as PIH complicated by IUGR group, 22 cases of term pregnancy mothers complicated by PHI with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infant as PIH with AGA group and 36 cases of normal controls as control group. The mRNA expression level of 11-β HSD2 gene in placenta was evaluated by RT-PCR. The level of cord serum cortisol was detected by the method of chemiluminescence. Results The 11-β HSD2 gene mRNA was expressed in placenta. The mRNA expression level of 11-β HSD2 gene in PIH complicated by IUGR group's placenta was significantly lower (0.26±0.09) than that in PIH with AGA group (0.64±0.19) and control group (0.66±0.20). The level of cord serum cortisol in PIH complicated by IUGR group was significantly higher [(71.60±20.20)μg/L] than that in PIH with AGA group [(51.00±13.80)μg/L] and control group [(49.10±14.40)μg/L]. The newborn's birth weight and placental weight in PIH complicated by IUGR group was significantly lower than those in PIH with AGA group and control group. The mRNA expression level of 11-β HSD2 gene in placenta was positively correlated with the birth weight of their newborns and placental weight. Conclusion The lower mRNA expression level of 11-β HSD2 gene in placenta may contribute to the higher cortisol level in fetal of PIH complicated by IUGR and has a negative role on the fetal development.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) and its relationship with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the population of Yunnan Plateau area.Methods Residents aged over 18 years old (n=4581) in the city of Yuxi,a community where original inhabitants were relatively concentrated,were randomly chosen for screening cross-sectional.Fasting blood and urine samples were collected to detect blood and urine parameters.Results The prevalence of HUA in the community residents was 25.91％,of which the prevalence of HUA was 34.15％ in male and 15.55％ in female.The prevalence of HUA in men was higher than that in women,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).In the age of 30-49 years old,the prevalence of HUA was higher than that in other age groups (P ＜ 0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HUA,age,gender,hyperglycemia,low HDL levels were independently associated with CKD (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,high blood uric acid (≥404 μmol/L) group has a higher risk of CKD than low blood uric acid (≤282 μmol/L) group,when divided into four groups according to the blood uric acid level (OR=3.447,95％ CI 2.218-5.375,P＜0.01).Conclusions HUA is independently associated with CKD.The prevalence of HUA in community residents of Yunnan Plateau (Yuxi) is different from their counterparts in eastern coastal area and the data of developed regions reported by studies in past 10 years.

[Objective] To propose a criterion for making conclusions on paternity tests based on STR genotyping. [Method] To use binomial distribution formula to calculate minimal numbers of STR loci that must be tested for different scenarios in paternity testing. [ Results ] We proposed a set of criteria for making STR paternity testing conclusions. For triplet tests, concluded "paternity positive" for the following four cases when the cumulative paternity index (PI) was greater than 10 000: 1) no inconsistent STR locus was detected in 15 loci (PE > 0.571 4/locus) or 2) only one inconsistent STR locus was detected in 19 loci or 3) only two inconsistent STR loci were detected in 28 loci or 4) only three inconsistent STR loci were detected in 35 loci; otherwise, concluded "paternity negative" when at least four inconsistent STR loci had been detected. For single parent tests, concluded "paternity non-exclusive" for the following cases when the cumulative PI was greater than 10 000: 1) no inconsistent STR locus was detected in 18 loci (PE>0.411/locus) or 2) only one inconsistent STR locus was detected in 29 loci or 3) two inconsistent STR loci were detected in 41 loci; concluded "paternity negative" when three or more inconsistent loci were detected. [Conclusion] Our experience has proven that these criteria are robust in STR paternity testing.

Objective To investigate the effect of injectable Xuebijing on the proliferation of mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell in vitro.Methods Cultured mouse brain microvascular endothelM cell line bEnd. 3 was treated by injectable Xuebijing of different concentrations,0 (control),5,25 and 50 mg/ml.The regulatory. effect of Xuebijing on the proliferation of cell line bEnd.3 was observed and studied by means of MTT method and cell cycle analyzed with flow cytometry.Results Compared to the control group,MTT and proliferation index (PI) of 5 and 25 mg/ml groups were significantly increased at 12 and 24 h,and PI,but not MTT,of these 2 groups was decreased remarkably at 48 h.Meanwhile,50 mg/ml group showed significantly decreased MTT at 24 and 48 h,and PI of this group was increased obviously at 12 and 24 h,but decreased significantly at 48 h. Conclusions Injectable Xuebijing at certain concentrations might promote the proliferation of cultured mouse brain microvascular endothelial,cells within specific time frame.

Aim To construct 3 D structure model of cardiac Cav1.2 channel and check its accuracy and re-liability.Methods Homology model of Cav1.2 chan-nel α1 subunit was constructed using SWISS-MODEL server.The model was submitted to an online testing server built by University of California and scored by it.The binding of Cav1.2 channel with blocker or drug was simulated by MOE software molecular docking pro-gram to check the model′s accuracy and reliability.Re-sults Both the target sequence Cav1.2 α1 C and the template sequence Cav1.1 α1 S searched by SWISS-MODEL server belonged to L-type Ca2+channel.Since the homology was 7 1.5% revealed by sequence align-ment,homology modeling was performed using automa-ted mode.L-type Ca2+ channel blockers Verapamil, Nifedipine and Diltiazem could bind to the 3 D structure model of Cav1.2 channel,while sodium channel bloc-ker TTX could not.Furthermore,active ingredient of traditional Chinese drug Praeruptorin A and Berberine could also bind to the 3D structure model of Cav1.2 channel.Conclusion The 3 D structure model of Cav1.2 channel was constructed successfully,which provides reliable materials for further studies and estab-lishes the foundation for the application of homology modeling in the study of 3 D structure prediction of ion channels.

Based on the investigation and analysis of industry dynamics of health maintenance Applications (APP) of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),the paper designs and develops health maintenance APP of TCM,and describes its architecture,operating principle,functions,innovativeness,applicability scope,etc.

Objective To establish the long-term culture system for fetal skin fibroblast by performing long time in vitro cultivation of the cells,and study the potential of its differentiation to hepatocytes.Methods Fibroblast was isolated from human fetus skin tissue.Surface phenotypes of cells were detected by ICC and FCM,and biological characteristics were analyzed by the karyotype analysis and soft agar colony formation observation.ALB、CK18、CK19 were detected by ICC,glycogen stain by PAS,AFP and ALB mRNA by RT-PCR after P3～30cells were induced differentiation by cytokines of HGF,FGF4 and OSM.Results CD29,CD49f,HLA- Ⅰ and CD 105 were highly expressed while CD90 hardly in skin fibroblast.The rate of induced differentiation of fibroblast into hepatocyte-like cells was approximately 5％.The cells could be cultured in vitro for almost 50 passages with normal karyotype and no oncogenic and immortalized characteristics.Conclsion The skin fibroblast possesses the characteristic of mesenchymal stem cell and can be induced into hepatocyte-like cell in vitro.

Objective To detect the impact of Diltiazem on the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in six months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 192 patients after PCI with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease were enrolled in this study.The patients were randomly divided into Diltiazem therapy group (101 patients) and non-Diltiazem therapy group (91 patients).The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was assessed before and 24 h after PCI,and the incidence of Major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs) were assessed at the sixth month after PCI.Results Compared with before PCI,hs-CRP level increased significantly in both group after PCI (P＜0.01),but hs-CRP level was lower in Diltiazem therapy group than in non-Diltiazem therapy group (P＜0.05).Compared with non-Diltiazem therapy group,there was lower incidence of MACEs during six months follow-up in Diltiazem therapy group.Conclusions Diltiazem can decrease the incidence of MACEs during six months after PCI.