OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Morinda officinalis (MO) extract on cytoxan (CTX) -impaired spermatogenesis of adult male SD rats.

METHODSWe randomly divided 56 adult male SD rats into seven groups of equal number: blank control, CTX model, CTX + NS, CTX + 10 g/kg MO, CTX + 20 g/kg MO, CTX + 30 g/kg MO, and CTX + 40 g/kg MO. We made the models of impaired spermatogenesis in the SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of CTX and treated the animal models by intragastric administration of MO at the concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 g per kg per d, respectively. After two weeks of medication, we observed the changes in the body weight, testicular and epididymal indexes, and microstructure of the testis tissue, measured the mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) , and obtained testicular biopsy scores (TBS) in different groups, followed by comparative analyses.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the CTX + NS group showed no remarkable differences in the body weight ([234.83 ± 28.77] g) and epididymal index (2.71 ± 0.34) from those of the four CTX + MO groups, but exhibited a significantly lower testicular index ([12.15 ± 1.04] g) than those in the CTX + 20 g/kg MO ([13.71 ± 0.97] g), CTX + 30 g/kg MO, ([13.30 ± 0.29] g), and CTX + 40 g/kg MO group ([13.48 ± 0.51] g) (P < 0.05). Light microscopy revealed obvious pathological changes of the testis tissue in the CTX + NS group and significantly ameliorated structures of the seminiferous tubules in the CTX + MO 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg groups, with the MSTD of (204.78 ± 11.03), (216.55 ± 10.93), (218.03 ± 11.23), and (218.59 ± 14.06) μm, respectively, and the TBS of 9.03 ± 0.39, 9.69 ± 0.26, 9.83 ± 0.18, and 9.89 ± 0.11, respectively, all significantly higher than (189.74 ± 8.55) μm and 5.95 ± 1.21 in the CTX + NS group (P < 0.05). The efficacy of MO extract was increased in a concentration-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONMorinda officinalis extract can repair cytoxan-induced damage to rat spermatogenesis, with may achieve the best effect at the concentrations of 30 and 40 g per kg per d.

Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; toxicity ; Epididymis ; drug effects ; Male ; Morinda ; chemistry ; Mutagens ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seminiferous Tubules ; drug effects ; pathology ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; Testis ; drug effects ; ultrastructure

Objective To explore and assess NiTi shape memory alloys stent intraeustachian tube placement prevent and treat adhesive otitis media. Methods The patients were divided into 3 groups (A:56 cases of adhesive otitis media, B:27 cases of otitis media with effusion, C:52 cases as control). In all cases of eustachian orifices were inspected by endoscope. 2 autopsy eustachian tubes were dissected. NiTi shape memory alloys stent intraeustachian tube plasment was perfomed in 8 cases to prevent and treat adhesions of middle ear with seld-designed . Results The eustachian orifice can be divided into three types: wide, narrow and fissure like instolle. In group A, wide, narrow, fissure like showed 20, 31, 5; respectively in group B: 9, 13, 5; in group C: 45, 7, 0. There was significant difference in three gorup (A,B, versus C ? 2=29.66,25.44 respectively, P0.05). Autopsy of eustachian tube: cartilage length was 30 mm, trapeziform, floor width was 11 mm, tip width was 4 mm. 4 cases of adhesive otitis media gained good ventilation as during valsalva method with audiometry promotion 15-30 dB after NiTi shape memory alloys stent placements. Two of 4 cases of otitis media with refractory effusion, gained A-B gap close, follow up over 12 months; the other was good at valslva's and gave up ventilation tube. Eight case had no patulous and any side-effect after NiTi shape memory alloys placement. Conclusions Adhesive otitis media can be prevented and treated by placing NiTi shape memory alloys stent with no patulous or other side-effect.

Objective To report the clinical and genetic characteristics of a dentatorubralpallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) pedigree with an onset of cognitive impairment.Methods Clinical data of this pedigree was collected.The numbers of CAG repeats in the exon 5 of atrophin-1 (ATN1) gene were analysed in the proband and the other 4 healthy family individuals.The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the proband underwent cloning-sequencing using an original TA cloning kit.Results There were 5 patients in this family,4 with onset in adult and one in childhood.The proband had an onset manifestation of cognitive impairment,while the other 3 adult patients presented with ataxia.The two-year-old child in the pedigree had myoclonic epilepsy.The proband had 61 CAG repeats in the exon 5 of ATN1 gene.After TA cloning-sequencing of the proband ' s PCR products,there were 2 different numbers of CAG repeats,including 61 and 64.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of DRPLA can have obvious heterogeneity in one family.Some patients present with cognitive impairment.It is very important to test the numbers of CAG repeats of ATN1 gen for DRPLA diagnosis.Somatic mosaicism may be also observed in Chinese DRPLA patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified total pelvic reconstruction for pelvic organ prolapse in elderly women.Methods 105 patients required operation for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into experimental group (n =68,treated with the modified total pelvic reconstruction) and control group (n=37,receiving prolift procedure).Objective indexes including bleeding volume,operative time,residual urine volume,postoperative complications,medical expenses,hospitalization time were recorded.Clinical efficacy and follow-up results were recorded and compared between the two groups at 6 months after operation.Results Bleeding volume and hospitalization costs were lower in experimental group than in control group (both P＜0.05),while the operative time,residual urine volume,time out of bed,anal exhaust time,the maximum body temperature,mean postoperative hospital stay showed no significant differences between the two groups (all P＞0.05).Vaginal perforation was observed in 7 cases,with 4 cases in experimental group and 3 cases in control group.No serious complications such as bladder and rectum perforation were observed.According to pelvic organ prolapse quantitation (POP-Q) score,64 cases (94.1％) were cured and 4 cases (5.9％) were invalid in experimental group,while 36 cases (97.3％) were cured and 1 case (2.7％) was invalid in control group.The noninferiority test showed that clinical efficacy in experimental group was non-inferior to that in control group (u=2.252,P＜0.05).Conclusions Modified total pelvic reconstruction is an effective and safe minimally invasive surgery,which is similar to prolift surgical operation,but it is relatively inexpensive,which is easier to be accepted by Chinese patients,with a great perspective in clinical application.

Objective To assess the agreement of different endoscopy grading or scoring systems for inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn's disease(CD).Methods A standardized table was prepared based on the searches for endoscopic grading or scoring systems on Medline and Chinese Biomedical Database,the data of 80 patients with UC and 31 with CD.who underwent colonoscopy in Shanghai Renji hospital from June 2006 to February 2007,were evaluated with each system by two physicians independently.Data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0.Results Six endoscopic grading and scoring systems of UC and three of CD were included for evaluation.For the systems of UC and CD,Kendall's coefficients of concordance were 0.71(P<0.01)and 0.34(P<0.01),respectively.There was no significant differenee between every two systems for UC.Nonetheless.Spearman's correlation coefficient between Chinese Grading System of Crohn's Disease(CGSCD)and Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity(CDEIS)was 0.32(P=0.08).Significant differences in frequencies were detected in endoscopic systems for UC by Kruskal Wallis test(P<0.01).Conclusion There is satisfactory concordance among the endoscopic grading and scoring systems of UC,while CGSCD needs further improvement.Furthermore,Jeroen elassifieation inclines to severe category,while modified Baron scale tends to be a mild one.

Eustachian Tube ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Stents ; Tympanoplasty

Objective To investigate the variation of coagulation markers and its clinical value in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods The plasma levels of von Willebrand factor: antigen (vWF: Ag), thrombomodulin (TM), prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F 1+2 ) and P selectin were measured by ELISA in 65 patients with type 2 diabetes (including 33 patients with vascular complication) and 38 healthy people. Results The plasma level of vWF:Ag, TM, F 1+2 and P selectin in group of type 2 diabetes were significantly higher than that of normal controls ( P

We investigated the Toxop lasma infection prevalence among planned pregnant women in Chongqing ,and to pro‐vide reference for the first level intervention of birth defects in the region .A total of 11 953 planned pregnant women were se‐lected by proportionally stratified multi‐stage random sampling method .Questionnaire survey was given to the women ,and blood samples were collected .Specific IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma were detected with ELISA .Results showed that among the 11 953 cases surveyed ,Toxoplasma IgM was positive in 71 cases ,with the positive rate of 0 .59% ;IgG was positive in 771 cases ,with the positive rate of 6 .54% .The positive rate of IgM and IgG antibodies in the metropolitan core re‐gion of the city was higher than that in the suburb areas (χ2 =35 .28 ,P<0 .000 1 ;χ2 =82 .65 ,P<0 .000 1) .The positive rate of IgM antibody increased with the educational level (χ2trend=3 .25 ,P=0 .001 1) .The positive rates of IgM and IgG varied in occupations among women (χ2 =13 .93 , P= 0 .016 0;χ2 = 15 .58 ,χ2 =0 .008 1) ,with the highest rate of public officials . Planned pregnant women with the history of abnormal pregnancy outcomes had higher positive rate of T .gondii IgM and IgG antibodies than those in the control (χ2 =6 .85 ,P=0 .008 9;χ2 =59 .25 ,P<0 .000 1) .There was no significant difference of IgM positive rate between the planned pregnancy women who had closed contact to cats and the control group (χ2 =0 .23 ,P=0 .628 6) ,while the positive rate of IgG was higher than that of the control group (χ2 =9 .95 ,P=0 .001 6) .T .gondii infec‐tion rate was on the low level of planned pregnant women in Chongqing .Adverse pregnancy outcomes are related to Toxoplas‐ma infection .

Objective To summarize the methods and outcome of surgical treatment of thyriod carcinoma(TC).Methods The clinical data of 126 cases of TC admitted between 1990 to 2005 to our 2 hospitals was analyzed.Results Among the 126 cases,there were papillary carcinoma in 94 cases(74.5%),follicular carcinoma in 20 cases(15.9%),medullary carcinoma in 5 cases(4%),anaplastic carcinoma in 4 cases(3.2%),lymphoma in 2 cases(1.6%) and squamous cell carcinoma was in 1 case(0.8%).Thyroid microcarcinoma(TMC) was found in 56 of 126 cases and all of them were papillary carcinoma.(Seventy)-eight cases were followed up for more than 5 years after operation and 36 cases for 3 to 5 years,and all have good quality of life.All of the 4 cases with anaplastic carcinoma died in 3 to 6 months.Two cases with medullary carcinoma and 1 case with squamous cell carcinoma died from pulmonary metastases 1 year after operation.Conclusions For differentiated TC,surgical treatment is the ideal treatment.However,for(anaplastic) TC,operation is not to be recommended,the choice of treatment is radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the administration of antibiotics in the treatment of infection of burns based on bacteriological surveillance from burn wound.Methods A retrospective analysis of bacterial culture and drug-sensitivity results from burn wound and subeschar tissues in 581 patients during 1999 to 2004 was carried out.Results Eight hundred and eighty-seven strains of bacteria were isolated from burn wound and subeschar tissues in 581 patients,among which 481 strains were gram negative(54.23%),and 406 strains were gram positive(45.77%).Among the bacteria of gram negative,the most majority was Pseudomonas and then was the Enterobacteriaceae.Among the bacteria of gram positive,Staphylcoccus aureus was the majority,and MRSA accounted for 71.48% in the Staphylcoccus aureus.The resistance of Pseudomonas to Netilmicin was decreased from 20.1% to 4.9%,and the resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to Imipenem was still in a low level.All bacteria of gram positive were sensitive to Vancomycin.Conclusion The majority of the bacteria of burn infection is gram negative.The isolated bacteria show multiple resistance to antibiotic.The analysis of bacteria from burn wound and resistance of bacteria to antibiotic is very important to experiential treatment of antibiotic for burn infection.