This study investigated the role of glucose in the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Mouse primary peritoneal macrophages were harvested and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing glucose of various concentrations. The cells were divided into 3 groups in terms of different glucose concentrations in the cultures: Control group (5.6 mmol/L glucose), high glucose concentration groups (16.7 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L glucose). ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA expression in the macrophages was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR 24, 48 and 72 h after glucose treatment. The results showed that ABCA1 mRNA expression in the 16.7 mmol/L glucose group was not significantly different from that in the control group at all testing time points (P>0.05 for each). In the 30 mmol/L glucose group, macrophage ABCA1 mRNA expression was not changed significantly at 24 h (P=0.14), but was substantially decreased by 40.4% at 48 h (P=0.009) and by 48.1% at 72 h (P=0.015) as compared with that in the control group. It was concluded that ABCA1 is of vital importance for HDL-C biogenesis. High glucose may hamper HDL-C biogenesis by decreasing ABCA1 expression, which contributes to low HDL-C level in diabetes.

Objective To check the maneuverability of the nursing safety management indicators for skilled nursing facilities.Methods A hospital based skilled nursing facility in Chongqing was chosen as the main study target while a Red Cross nursing hospital in Shanghai which operated earlier was also included as a comparison object.Combination of files reference,on-the-scene observation,manager interviews,sampling survey and institution's self-assessment,scores of indicators were calculated,and the total scores for both institutions were calculated as well.Results The institution from Chongqing marked 81 points while the other one got 86 points.Conclusions The indicator system had good maneuverability and the weight of indexes was consistent with the practical requirement of safety management.This indicator system could provide reference for standardize skilled nursing facilities' management,but still needed further revision and consummation.

Antigens, CD ; genetics ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; genetics ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Child ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; genetics ; pathology ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To explore the expression of Bcl-6 mRNA in the Tfh cells of HIV/AIDS patients and the relationship between Bcl-6 mRNA and the progression of HIV/AIDS.Methods This experiment chose 60 patients who were confirmed by HIV antibody test positive,during May 2014 to November from AIDS Research Institute in the First Affiliated Hospi-tal,Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.According to the amount of CD4+T cells,the patients with HIV/AIDS were divided into A(CD4<200 cells/μl),B(200 cells/μl500 cells/μl)three groups.The Tfh cells expressed CD4+ CXCR5 + ICOS+ and lymphocyte subpopulation including T,B and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).The expression of Bcl-6 mRNA levels were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The association between Tfh cells and Bcl-6 mRNA,B cells were analyzed.Results The expression of Bcl-6 mRNA from patients of A,B and C three groups was increased than in healthy individuals (2.94±0.91,2.27±0.62,2.15± 0.351,P <0.05).The percent of Tfh cells from group A patients was higher than group C patients (5.88±3.01 vs 1.26± 0.87,P =0.032)and also the healthy control group (5.88±3.01 vs 0.78±0.42,P =0.004).The percentage of NK cells and B cells in HIV/AIDS patients was no statistically significant.Correlation analysis showed that there was positive corre-lation between the proportion of Tfh cells and Bcl-6 mRNA (r=0.799,P =0.000).And Tfh cells were observed no relation-ship with B cells (r=-0.083,P =0.657).Conclusion The changes of Bcl-6 mRNA and Tfh cells may be related to the progression of HIV/AIDS.

Objective To raise risk exposure awareness for spreading pathogenic microorganisms in anesthesia procedures and normalize aseptic technique of anesthesiologists,thus minimizing postoperative infection.Methods Choose 45 cases of general anesthesia.Respectively before anesthesia induction (Time0),five minutes after induction (Time1) and two hours after anesthesia (Time2),make bacteriological tests on seven spots vulnerable to contamination,including the three-way stopcock,screwtype hose coupling,oxygen flux knob,pressure-release valve surface,exhaled breath entry of the anesthesia machine,oxygen intake of the breathing loop of the anesthesia machine,and operating desktop of the anesthesia cart.Results Contamination risk exposure of the stopcock extends with the operative time.At Time 0,it is sterile; at Time 1,84.4％of the 45 cases are found with bacteria growth,with colony count of 1～2CFU/ml; at Time2,colony counts at various monitoring points range 7～21 CFU/ml,of which the differences between Timel group and Time0,as well as Time2 and Time0 are statistically significant(P＜0.05).Colony counts at other monitoring points comply with the regulations.Conclusion Three-way stopcocks are highly vulnerable to contamination during operative anesthesia.Regular sterile operations can effectively prevent and lower postoperative infection of the patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore methods of treating middle and distal tibia nonunion with the treatment of advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to December 2012, 12 patients with middle and distal tibia nonunion were treated with advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate. Among patients, there were 8 males and 4 females aged from 20 to 69 with an average of 47 years old. The time from first injuries to bone nonunion was from 9 months to 5 years, avergaed 19 months. Four cases were treated with external fixation, 6 cases were treated with plate fixation, 2 cases of 12 patients occurred broken of plate and nail. Eleven patients were non-infective bone nonunion and 1 patient was infective bone nonunion. Preoperative X-ray and CT showed all patients had sequestration and formation of ossified bone with different degrees. Operative time, blood loss, wound healing were observed, fracture healing time was evaluated by postoperative X-ray. Johner-Wruhs scoring standards was used to evaluate ankle joint function after operation at 10 months.

RESULTSOperative time ranged from 90 to 185 min with an average of (125.00±20.15) min; blood loss ranged from 225 to 750 ml with an average of (415.00±120.00) ml. All patients were followed up from 10 months to 2.5 years with an average of 1.5 years. Postoperative X-ray showed bone union was formed around fracture after operation at 4 months in all patients, 3 cases obtained bone healing within 6 months after operation, 9 cases obtained from 8 to 12 months. No infection, injury of nerve and vessles, and broken of plate and nail were ocurred. According to Johner-Wruhs scoring at 10 months after operation, 10 cases obtained excellent results, 1 good and 1 moderate.

CONCLUSIONAdvanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate, which can build fracture multi-point supporting based on full compression of bone nonunion to get effective fixation, is an effective method in treating middle and distal tibia nonunion.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Objective To approach the efficiency and feasibility of preserving the fertility for patients with placental site trophoblastic tumor ( PSTT ).Methods Totally 2 086 cases of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm ( GTN) patients registered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 1998 and 2013.Fifty-seven of them were PSTT patients , 40 cases of which suffered hysterectomy , the rest 17 PSTT patients who preserved their fertility were analyzed retrospectively.The computerized database of clinical and pathological reports was reviewed in this cohort.Results The clinical manifestation of PSTT was not specific compared to other types of GTN.The average age of the 17 patients was 29.5 years old (range 22-39 years).The most common antecedent pregnancy was term birth (8 cases), the others were spontaneous abortion in 4 case, artificial abortion in 3 cases and molar pregnancy in 2 cases.The baseline serum β-hCG was slightly elevated and 12 patients (12/15) were less than 1 000 U/L.In this cohort, nine of the patients were in stage Ⅰ, while the other eight cases were in stage Ⅲ .The patients suffered conservative surgery, including dilation and curettage of uterus in 7 cases, open abdomen uterine lesion excision in 4 cases, laparoscopic uterine lesion excision in 3 cases, hysteroscopic uterine lesion excision in 1 case, and pulmonary lobectomy in 2 cases.Two of the patients didn′t received chemotherapy , while the other 15 cases suffered combination chemotherapy.Compared with 40 patients who suffered hysterectomy during the same interval , fertility preservation group did not result in poor outcomes or high risk of relapse rate.Six subsequent pregnancies happened after the therapy , two of them were during their second-trimester, while four patients had healthy babies by vaginal delivery in two and cesarean section in two .The scar of the uterus was fairly well during the cesarean sections.Conclusions Reservation of fertility therapy could be considered in highly-selected patients for young women who strongly desired to preserve their fertility and with localized lesion.Exactitude follow-up after therapy should be recommended.Contraception should also be recommended for at least one year after the chemotherapy.Vaginal delivery could be an option for the future pregnancies.

Objective To investigate the correlation between cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA - 4 ) and primary nephrotic sysdrome(PNS) with the pathologic type of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) of glucocorticoid(GC) resistance. Methods The polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism( PCR - RFLP) analysis was used to investigate the genotype of position - 318 promoter of CTLA- 4 gene of 36 patient children and 30 healthy controls. Results The frequences of genotypes at position - 318 promoter of CTLA- 4 gene in patients were 38.9% for CC,61.1 % for TC and 0% for TT. The frequences of alleles at this position were 69.4% for C allele and 30.6% for T allele. The frequences of genotypes and alleles in children were not significantly different from those in controls. Conclusion CTLA-4 promoter ( -318)C/T dimorphism was not associated with PNS- MsPGN of GC resistance, which hinted that the polymorphism may be not inlolved in pathogenensis of PNS-MsPGN and the mechanism of GC resistance.

Objective To investigate the expression of elongation of very long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (ELOVL6) in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HSOC), and explore the correlation between its expression and clinical prognosis in these patients. Methods The expression of ELOVL6 at mRNA and protein levels were respectively detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immune histochemistry method in 12 cases with normal ovarian tissues and 172 cases with HSOC from primary tumor site, forty of which had paired peritoneal metastatic tissues. Results (1) The results tested by RT-PCR showed that ELOVL6 expression in normal ovarian tissue was 4.8±1.1, while 1.2±0.7 in primary tumors and 1.8 ± 0.9 peritoneal metastatic sites in HSOC. Compared with normal ovarian tissue, the level of ELOVL6 mRNA was significantly lower in HSOC (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between primary and peritoneal metastatic sites in HSOC (P=0.610). It was shown that ELOVL6 protein localized in cytoplasm of ovarian cancer cell by immunostaining assay. (2) ELOVL6 expression was observed in all normal ovarian tissue, 70.2%of G1-G2 and 48.8%of G3 HSOC (P<0.05). ELOVL6 expression in drug-resistant group were significantly lower than that in non-resistant group (39.1% vs 65.0%, P<0.01). The median disease-free survival was 41 months in the ELOVL6-positive group and 39 months in ELOVL6-negative group (P>0.05). The total median survival was 52 months in ELOVL6-positive group and 44 months in ELOVL6-negative group (P>0.05). Conclusion Low expression of ELOVL6 may correlate with the poor differentiation and drug resistance in HSOC.

Objective To observe the effects of nonylphenol(NP) on L-type Ca~(2+) currents(I_(Ca-L)) in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.Methods The ventricular myocytes were isolated from guinea-pig hearts.The L-type Ca~(2+) currents in the ventricular myocytes treated with NP were measured with whole cell patch-clamp technique.Results Nonylphenol inhibited lew,at different potentials.Nonylphenol (10~(-6) mol·L~(-1),10~(-5) mol·L~(-1)) reduced the peak amplitude of I_(Ca-L) from-3.2±1.5 pA·pF~(-1) to-1.6±0.8 pA·pF~(-1)(P<0.01) and-1.4±0.7 pA·pF~(-1)(P<0.01),respectively.Nonylphenol did not influence the activation curve of I_(Ca-L) significantly.Conclusion Nonylphenol could in hibit the L-type calcium currents in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes with a concentration-dependent manner.Objective To observe the effects of nonylphenol(NP) on L-type Ca~(2+) currents(I_(Ca-L))in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.Methods The ventricular myocytes were isolated from guinea-pig hearts.The L-type Ca~(2+) currents in the ventricular myocytes treated with NP were measured with whole cell patch-clamp technique.Results Nonylphenol inhibited lew,at different potentials.Nonylphenol hibit the L-type calcium currents in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes with a concentration-dependent manner.