OBJECTIVETo explore methods of treating middle and distal tibia nonunion with the treatment of advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to December 2012, 12 patients with middle and distal tibia nonunion were treated with advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate. Among patients, there were 8 males and 4 females aged from 20 to 69 with an average of 47 years old. The time from first injuries to bone nonunion was from 9 months to 5 years, avergaed 19 months. Four cases were treated with external fixation, 6 cases were treated with plate fixation, 2 cases of 12 patients occurred broken of plate and nail. Eleven patients were non-infective bone nonunion and 1 patient was infective bone nonunion. Preoperative X-ray and CT showed all patients had sequestration and formation of ossified bone with different degrees. Operative time, blood loss, wound healing were observed, fracture healing time was evaluated by postoperative X-ray. Johner-Wruhs scoring standards was used to evaluate ankle joint function after operation at 10 months.

RESULTSOperative time ranged from 90 to 185 min with an average of (125.00±20.15) min; blood loss ranged from 225 to 750 ml with an average of (415.00±120.00) ml. All patients were followed up from 10 months to 2.5 years with an average of 1.5 years. Postoperative X-ray showed bone union was formed around fracture after operation at 4 months in all patients, 3 cases obtained bone healing within 6 months after operation, 9 cases obtained from 8 to 12 months. No infection, injury of nerve and vessles, and broken of plate and nail were ocurred. According to Johner-Wruhs scoring at 10 months after operation, 10 cases obtained excellent results, 1 good and 1 moderate.

CONCLUSIONAdvanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate, which can build fracture multi-point supporting based on full compression of bone nonunion to get effective fixation, is an effective method in treating middle and distal tibia nonunion.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) makes great contributions to the prosperous growth and people's health.But understanding deviation and imperfect evaluation system of TCM affect the healthy development of TCM.Clinic practice is the motive power of TCM,and curative effect is the key of TCM researches,and the scientific evaluation system is the safeguard for a healthy development of TCM.So we should focus on clinical researches of stubborn diseases and emergency cases to satisfy social demand and upgrade the position of TCM in the medical system.At the same time,functional disease must be explored to show the advantage of TCM.Our mission is to establish a scientific objective evaluation system to accurately understand TCM and take it as the turning point to give an impetus to theoretical breakthrough of the basic studies to promote an overall and healthy development of TCM.

In this paper, Gaussian pixelate Chinese character processing software is designed, and HMD is used to realize the recognition experiment for pixelate Chinese characters based on simulated prosthetic vision. The structure of recognition system, software design and the experiment for determining Gaussian width (sigma) are presented. It is shown that when sigma is 0.235, the recognition program is the best.
Equipment Design ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Language ; Prostheses and Implants ; Software Design ; Visual Perception

In this article, the implementation of eye movement tracking system includes three procedures: hardware acquisition, data extraction and overall analysis. The system is based on Camshift algorithm with an eye tracking module added, developed on VC++ 6.0. The system can track the eye movement effectively in simulated phosphene evaluation experiment based on prosthetic vision.
Algorithms ; Analysis of Variance ; Eye Movements ; physiology ; Prosthesis Design

OBJECTIVETo explore morphological character and clinical significance of superior-posterior acetabular wall by anatomically measuring and quantitatively analyzing thickness of posterior acetabular wall, then provide a theoretical reference for clinical treatment of acetabular fracture.

METHODSFifteen adult formalin-preserved cadaveric pelvises (8 males and 7 females) were used for this investigation. Excess soft tissue was removed and the whole acetabular posterior walls were marked with "angle" sector method and the thickness was measured with caliper in different levels of the different split points. The measurement results were validated and analyzed statistically.

RESULTSAt 5 mm away from acetabular rim, the average thickness of superior-posterior acetablar wall fluctuated between (6.47±0.61) mm and (7.43±0.71) mm; the average thickness of inferior-posterior acetabuluar wall fluctuated between (5.62±0.51) mm and (6.33±0.61) mm; the average thickness of acetabular roof fluctuated between (7.71±0.74) mm and (8.27±0.99) mm. There was no statistical difference between average thickness of superior-posterior wall of acetabulum and inferior-posterior wall of acetabulum (P>0.05), but the average thickness of acetabular roof was significantly larger than superior-posterior acetabular wall (P<0.05). At 10 mm away from the acetabular rim, the average thickness of superior-posterior acetabular wall fluctuated between (8.81±0.67) mm and (13.35±0.89)mm; the average thickness of inferior-posterior acetabular wall fluctuated between (7.02±0.63) mm and (7.66±0.69) mm; the average thickness of acetabular roof fluctuated between (14.46±0.97) mm and (17.05±1.35) mm. Comparatively, the average thickness of superior-posterior acetabular wall was significantly larger than inferior-posterior wall of acetabulum (P<0.05), and the average thickness of acetabular roof was significantly larger than superior-posterior acetabular wall (P<0.01). At 15 mm away from the acetabular rim, the average thickness of superior-posterior acetabular wall fluctuated between (12.08±0.78) mm and (19.84±1.03) mm; the average thickness of inferior-posterior acetabular wall fluctuated between (10.17±0.76) mm and (11.12± 0.77) mm; the average thickness of acetabular roof fluctuated between (23.23±1.12) mm and (26.01±1.53) mm. Comparatively, the average thickness of superior-posterior wall of acetabulum was significantly larger than inferior-posterior acetabular wall (P<0.01), and the average thickness of acetabular roof was significantly larger than superior-posterior acetabular wall (P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe thickness of entire acetabular posterior edge revealed an increasing tendency from inferior-posterior wall to the superior-posterior wall to acetabular roof. And this trend became more obvious with increasing distance away from acetabular rim. Therefore, the superior-posterior acetabular wall could not only maintain the stability of hip joint but also bear loading.

Acetabulum ; anatomy & histology ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relationship between epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

METHODSThere were 100 patients who underwent surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma between January 2000 and March 2004. They were classified with non-distance metastasis and lung metastasis depend on the close following up till March 2007. Their hepatocellular carcinoma specimens were retrospectively examined for EMT markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin, Fibronectin) with immunochemistry staining in tissue microarray. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used for study the relationship between EMT and lung metastasis.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis showed that down regulation of E-cadherin, overexpression of fibronectin, cytosolic expression of vimentin, AFP >or= 400 ng/ml, tumor size more than 10 cm, portal vein involvement, poorly differentiated of tumor had close correlation with lung metastasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that overexpression of fibronectin was independent factor for lung metastasis apart from tumor size more than 10 cm, portal vein involvement and poorly differentiated of tumor.

CONCLUSIONThe results proposed that EMT has close relation with lung metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Female ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stromal Cells ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Background There have been an abundance of literature on the analysis of the mechanical characteristic of the sclera at the entire seleral level in high myopia.However,some recent studies on high myopia are focused on the mechanical changes of the sclera on a cellular level. Objective This experiment was purposed to study how transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2)affected sclerotic desmocytes and the mechanical behaviors of scleral fibroblasts in the posterior part of the eyes in guinea pigs with experimental myopia. Methods Induced myopic animal models were established by wearing-10.00 D concave lens for 30 days in lateral eyes of 2-week-old guinea pigs.The fellow eyes were used as control group.Another 5 matched animals served as normal controls.The scleral fibroblasts of each group were purified with the tissue explant method and passaged for 2 generations in vitro.Cultured cells were identified by immunochemistry with vimentin,desmin,keratin and S-100 antibodies.Different concentrations of TGF-β2(0,1,10,100mg/L)were added into serum-free DMEM for 24 hours,and the viscoelastic properties of scleral fibroblasts were measured by micropipette aspiration technique. Results Compared with the fellow,eyes and normal control eyes,the equilibrium modulus and apparent viscosity in model eyes were significantly higher(P＜0.05).After treatment of TGF-β2,the equilibrium modulus and apparent viscosity in the model group and fellow eyes were positively correlated with the concentrations of TGF-β2(r=0.743,r=0.533,r=0.654,r=0.576,P＜0.05).Following the addition of 1 mg/L TGF-β2 and 10 mg/L TGF-β2,the equilibrium modulus and apparent viscosity of scleral fibroblasts were significantly reduced in model eyes compared with fellow eyes(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the equilibrium modulus and apparent viscosity of scleral fibroblasts between model eyes and fellow eyes after treatment with 100 mg/L TGF-β2(P＞0.05). Conclusion TGF-β2 car increase the mechanic indexes in a concentration.dependent manner.1 mg/L,10 mg/L TGF-β2 can lower the equilibrium modulus and apparent viscosity of scleral fibroblasts of normal eye and thus cause more changes in the mechanical behavior of scleral fibroblasts.

Objective To establish and optimize a sensitive and specific quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method for detection of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA(HBV cccDNA)in liver tissue. Methods Specific primers and probes were designed to detect HBV DNA(tDNA)and cccDNA. A series of plasmids(3.44 × 100-3.44 × 109 copies/μl)containing a full double-stranded copies of HBV genome(genotype C)were used to establish the standard curve of real-time PCR. Liver samples of 33 patients with HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), 13 Chronic hepatitis B patients(CHB)and 10 non-HBV patients were collected to verify the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. A fraction of extracted DNA was digested with a Plasmid-Safe ATP-dependent Dnase(PSAD)for HBV cccDNA detection and the remaining was used for tDNA and β-globin detection. The amount(copies/cell)of HBV cccDNA and tDNA were measured by a real-time PCR, using β-globin housekeeping gene as a quantitation standard. Results The standard curves of real-time PCR with a linear range of 3.44 × 100 to 3.44 × 109 copies/μl were established for detecting HBV cccDNA and tDNA, and both of the lowest detection limits of HBV cccDNA and tDNA were 3.44 × 100 copies/μl. The lowest quantitation levels of HBV cccDNA in liver tissues tested in 33 HBV related HCC patients and 13 CHB patients were 0.003 copies/cell and 0.031copies/cell, respectively. HBV cccDNA and tDNA in liver tissue of 10 non-HBV patient appeared to be negative. The true positive rate was increasing through the digestion of HBV DNA by PSAD, and the analytic specificity of cccDNA detection improved by 7.24 × 102 times. Liver tissues of 2 patients were retested 5 times in the PCR for detecting cccDNA and the coefficience of variations on cycle threshold (Ct)were between 0.224%-0.609%. Conclusion A highly sensitive and specific quantitative real time PCR method for the detection of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue was established and could be used for clinical and epidemiological studies.

Objective:To investigate the effects of the recent upper respiratory tract infections (URI) on the incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events in children scheduled to undergo general anesthesia and elective surgery.Methods:In the study,232 children undergoing general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for elective ophthalmic surgeries at Peking University First Hospital,Beijing,China,from Nov.1,2015 to May 10,2016 were enrolled.On the day of the surgery,the parents of the children were preoperatively asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding the baseline characteristics and medical history of the children,including gender,age,height,weight,history of URI within the last 2 weeks before anesthesia,history of premature,long-term passive smoking exposure,habitual sleep snoring,and history of asthma.In addition,all adverse respiratory events throughout the perioperative periods (oxygen desaturation,cough,copious secretions,laryngospasm and bronchospasm) as well as perioperative variables (number of attempts to insert the LMA successfully,anesthesia duration and so on) were recorded.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent risk factors of perioperative respiratory adverse events.Results:Among the 232 children included in the study,28.0％ (65/232) presented with a history of a recent URI within the last 2 weeks before anesthesia.The presence of the recent URI increased the incidence of oxygen desaturation (23.1％ vs.12.0％,P =0.034),copious secretions (15.4％ vs.6.6％,P =0.036) and any of all the adverse respiratory events (32.3％ vs.18.6％,P =0.024).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified two independent risk factors of perioperative adverse respiratory events:a history of URI within the last 2 weeks before general anesthesia (OR =2.021,95％ CI:1.023-3.994,P =0.043) and habitual sleep snoring (OR =3.660,95％ CI:1.517-8.832,P =0.004).Conclusion:A history of a recent URI within 2 weeks before general anesthesia was associated with a higher incidence of oxygen desaturation,copious secretions and the overall respiratory adverse events.For the children with recent URI,we recommend the general anesthesia and elective surgery should be postponed for at least 2 weeks after the URI.

OBJECTIVETo compare different expression profiles of all known chemokine receptors in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines with different metastasis potentials.

METHODSEighteen pairs of chemokine receptor primers were designed using Premier software. Expression profiles of the 18 chemokine receptors on four HCC cell lines of lower to higher potentials of metastasis (SMMC-7721, MHCC97-L, MHCC97-H and HCCLM6) were analyzed by RT-PCR. Expression of CXCR4 was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSExpression profiles of chemokine receptors on four HCC cell lines with different metastatic potentials had significant differences (P < 0.01), in which CCR10, CXCR4 and CXCR6 expressions decreased gradually as the metastatic potential of the cell lines increased. The expressions of CCR3, CCR4, CCR10, CCR12 and XCR1 on HCCLM6 were significantly reduced compared with SMMC-7721 (P < 0.01), whereas the expressions of CXCR1 (P = 0.006) and CXCR5 (P = 0.003) exceeded that of SMMC-7721. Except for CXCR2, CXCR6 and XCR1, most of chemokine receptors on MHCC97-H were expressed differently compared with MHCC97-L (P < 0.05), in which expressions of CCR1 (P = 0.002), CCR2 (P = 0.004) and CCR5 (P = 0.046) exceeded MHCC97-L. CXCR4 was detected only on the positive controls and SMMC-7721 when the template of total RNA was reduced one-half in RT-PCR.

CONCLUSIONChemokine receptors are expressed very differently at mRNA level on HCC cell lines with different metastatic potentials. The different profiles of chemokine receptors in tumor microenvironment and the function of CXCR4 in HCC should be further studied. Our findings have important implications in understanding the relationship between chemokine receptors and the metastatic potential of HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptors, Chemokine ; metabolism