OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of dexmedetomidine combined electrical stimulation on cognitive function of neurosurgical diseases patients treated by extracerebral intervention.

METHODSTotally 122 patients with neurosurgical diseases who underwent selective intervention were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group, 61 cases in each group. Patients in the control group recieved anesthesia by dexmedetomidine. Those in the observation group received electrical stimulation at Baihui (DU20), Yintang ( EX-HN3), and Neiguan (PC6) before dexmedetomidine anesthesia. The cognitive function of patients at preoperative day 1 and postoperative day 1 was respectively evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE). Serum NSE, S-100β, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were detected in the two groups before intervention and immediately after intervention using ELISA.

RESULTSMMSE scores of two groups were significantly reduced at post-intervention day 1, as compared with one day before intervention. MMSE score of the observation group at post-intervention day 1 was (23.15 ± 1.87) points, significantly higher than that of the control group [ (19.34 ± 1.64) points , (P < 0.05)]. The postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) incidence rate of the observation group was 16.4% (10/61), significantly lower than that of the control group [39.3% (24/61); P < 0.05]. Compared with before intervention, NSE and S-100β protein levels, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-TNF levels of the two groups increased (P < 0.05). Post-intervention NSE and S-100β protein levels, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-TNF levels were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDexmedetomidine combied electrical stimulation could effectively prevent the occurrence of postoperative cognition, and reduce levels of NSA, S-100β, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α.

Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; prevention & control ; Dexmedetomidine ; therapeutic use ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective: To explore the feature and influencing factors of anhedonia in schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 71 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited during December 2018 and December 2019. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used for assessing psychotic symptoms. Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were applied to the evaluation of anhedonia and cognitive function respectively for each subject. Results: The evaluation result of TEPS showed both anticipatory and consummatory pleasure scores were lowered in patients with schizophrenia than those in healthy people (P=0.000). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that negative subscale score of PANSS (B=-0.895, P=0.002) and delayed memory score of RBANS (B=0.265, P=0.001) were associated with anhedonia in schizophrenia. Conclusion: Patients with schizophrenia exhibit anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, both of which are influenced by negative symptoms and delayed memory in schizophrenia.

Depression is a common mental disorder and causes great disease burden. To date people's understanding of genetic mechanisms of depression is lagging far behind that of other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Recently, with the accumulation of clinical samples and the advances of methodology and technology, certain progress in genetics of depression has been made. This review summarizes the genetic research progress in candidate genes, common variants, rare variants and chromosome structure variations of depression.

Objective: To investigate the association between early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Han Chinese people. Methods: A total of 715 AD patients and 760 health controls were recruited in two independent samples from Eastern China (382 AD patients and 426 normal individuals) and Southwest China (333 AD patients and 334 normal individuals). SNaPshot technique was utilized to analyse the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of rs11743810. A public database was used to explore whether EGR1 gene was differentially expressed in the brain of AD patients and health controls. Then the protein-protein interaction (PPI) assessment was conducted using the STRING database, and the brain eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) analysis was used to explore the difference in rs11743810 expression between different genotypes in different brain regions. Results: Cross-platform normalized data showed that there was significant difference of EGR1 expression in temporal cortex between AD patients and control subjects (|log2FC|=0.780, P=0.000 before FDR corrected; P=0.001 after FDR corrected). PPI analysis revealed that EGR1 was physically connected with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and clusterin (CLU) protein in the network. However, different genotypes of rs11743810 showed no significant difference in expression in 10 brain regions, and no significant difference in the genotype and allele frequency of rs11743810 between AD patients and controls were found in our two independent samples. Conclusion: The rs11743810 in EGR1 may not be major susceptibility gene site for AD in Han Chinese people.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on the protein expression of c-fos in fastigial nucleus (FN) and lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) in rats with acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), and to explore the role and mechanism of FN and LHA in EA at the Heart Meridian fighting against acute MIRI reaction. Methods: Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, an EA-Heart Meridian group and an EA-Lung Meridian group, with 14 rats in each group; an LHA lesion plus EA-Heart Meridian group (LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group) and a FN lesion plus EA-Heart Meridian group (FN+EA-Heart Meridian group), with 7 rats in each group. Except the sham operation group, the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was ligated to establish acute MIRI rat models in the other 5 groups. In the three groups with EA-Heart Meridian treatment, Shenmen (HT 7) and Tongli (HT 5) were selected; Taiyuan (LU 9) and Lieque (LU 7) were selected in the EA-Lung Meridian group. All the EA groups received EA stimulation prior to modeling, with 1 mA in current intensity and 2 Hz in frequency, 20 min each time, once a day for a total of 7 d. The sham operation group and the model group did not receive EA stimulation. The electrocardiogram was observed in the rats to analyze the ST-segment deviation and cardiac arrhythmia score. The expression of c-fos protein in FN and LHA was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results: Compared with the sham operation group, the ST-segment deviation, cardiac arrhythmia score and the expression of c-fos protein in the FN and LHA increased significantly in the model group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the ST-segment deviation, cardiac arrhythmia score and the expression of c-fos protein in FN and LHA decreased significantly in the EA-Heart Meridian group (all P<0.05). Compared with the EA-Heart Meridian group, the ST-segment deviation and cardiac arrhythmia score increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group, LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group and FN+EA-Heart Meridian group (all P<0.05); the expression of c-fos in FN increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group and LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group (both P<0.05); the expression of c-fos in LHA increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group and FN+EA-Heart Meridian group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: FN and LHA are involved in the mechanism of EA at Heart Meridian to improve the acute MIRI reactions, and the cerebellum may participate in the improvement of cardiac function by EA through the cerebellum-hypothalamus projection.

Objective To detect the type of gene mutation of thalassemia in Kunming city.Methods Sixty-three cases highly suspec-tive of thalassemia were determined with the methods of ploymerase chain reaction(PCR) and reverse dot blot(RDB) for the type of gene mutation.Results According to gene analysis,35 cases were final diagnosed from 63 cases suspective of thalassemia.Among the total,4 cases were gene deficiency ?-thalassemia,and 30 cases were gene deficiency ?-thalassemia,and there was 1 case both ?-thalassemia and ?-thalassemia.There were 9 types of gene mutation with 15 gene combinations in 35 samples.The main type of ?-thalassemia was--SEA/??,there were 6 types with 11 gene combinations from the types of genes of ?-thalassemia,the highest incidence of gene mutation was 17 site,including 17 site homozygote,heterozygote and double heterozygote.Conclusions The thalassemia invasion of Yunnan has its characters,and it is valuable to launch further research.In the same patient,there are ?-thalassemia and ?-thalassemia,it signifies that those 2 types should be diagnosed in the same time,to prevent missed diagnosis.

Objective To investigate plasma level of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)and soluble E-slectin (sES) in patients with Keshan disease (KD) accompanied by hypertension,and to further their relation to systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricle.Methods Patients with Keshan disease investigated in 2007 in Fuyu County,Heilongjiang Province were divided into two groups according to whether they were accompanied by hypertension or not:KDP group (n =17),the patients were diagnosed as Keshan disease accompanied by hypertension;KDN group (n =14),the patients were only diagnosed as Keshan disease.Healthy volunteers lived in the same area as the patients were included in the control group (CON group,n =10).The clinical data (such as age,sex and past medical history),SBP and DBP were recorded.EF was detected by echocardiography.Plasma sICAM-1 and sES concentrations were measured by ABC-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.Results Plasma level of sICAM-1 in the subjects was significantly elevated in KDP group as compared with that in CON group and KDN group [(399.84 ± 99.06) vs (323.06 ± 61.27) μg/L,P ＜0.05;(399.84 ± 99.06) vs (268.27 ± 72.88) μg/L,P ＜ 0.01].However,there was no statistical significance in plasma sICAM-1 between the KDN group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).The difference of plasma sES between the control group,KDN group and KDP group did not reach statistical significance [(76.31 ± 23.17),(72.26 ± 20.15) and (90.21 ± 19.21) μg/L,F =3.236,P ＞ 0.05].As compared with the KDN group,SBP and DBP were obviously higher in KDP group [(169 ± 27) and (121 ± 10) mmHg,(102 ± 17) and (81 ± 6) mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa,F =6.376,4.300,all P ＜ 0.01],and EF was not significantly increased [(58 ± 14)％ and (55 ± 14)％,F =0.789,P ＞ 0.05].Furthermore,correlation analysis showed plasma sICAM-1 was positively correlated with SBP (r =0.540 6,P ＜ 0.01)and DBP (r =0.461 2,P ＜ 0.01),but not with EF of left ventricle in subjects whir Keshan disease (r =0.073 4,P ＞0.05).Conclusion These data shows slCAM-1 may play a role in the development of Keshan disease accompanied by hypertension,providing an potential index for its risk assessment.

Objective To explore the characteristics of gait and surface electromyography (sEMG) of underwater treadmill training (UWTT). Methods From January to September, 2015, gait and sEMG parameters of ten healthy adults were synchronously collected using three-dimensional gait analysis system and sEMG systems on land and UWTT. Results When walking in self comfortable speed, compared with walk on land, there was significant increase in gait cycle (t=-11.411, P<0.001) and percentage of the swing phase (t=-5.252, P<0.05), significant reduction in walking speed (Z=-2.803, P<0.01) and step frequency (t=7.421, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in step strength (Z=-0.357, P>0.05). The integral electromyography of biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior muscle were significant less than iEMG on land (t>3.984, P<0.01), but no significant difference of rectus femoris (t=0.054, P>0.05). Conclusion There are signifi-cant differences in gait and muscle contraction intensity between land walking and UWTT. The dynamic physiology and neural control of UWTT need further study.

AIM To study the effect of exogenous bFGF on the cell apoptosis and the expression of HSP 70 protein and p53 gene. METHODS The effect of exogenous bFGF on HSP 70 protein and gene expression was examined vial insitu hybridization and immunohistochemistry, at 0-72 h reperfusion after the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 2 h in rats. Simutaneously, the distribution of apoptosis was observed. RESULTS The expression of HSP 70 protein elevated and the expression of p53 gene and cell apoptosis decreased in bFGF treated rats as compared with ischemia rats. (P

AIM　To study the effect of exogenous bFGF on the cell apoptosis and the expression of HSP 70 protein and p53 gene. METHODS　The effect of exogenous bFGF on HSP 70 protein and gene expression was examined vial insitu hybridization and immunohistochemistry, at 0～72 h reperfusion after the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 2 h in rats. Simutaneously, the distribution of apoptosis was observed. RESULTS　The expression of HSP 70 protein elevated and the expression of p53 gene and cell apoptosis decreased in bFGF treated rats as compared with ischemia rats. (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION　Exogenous bFGF can supress the apoptosis and regulate its relative gene.