Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Mucin-2 ; metabolism ; Mucins ; metabolism ; WT1 Proteins ; metabolism

?Smart phones as a symbol of the mobile Internet appears in college classroom, which is not only a challenge, but also a great opportunities of education information. This paper applied smart phones as the carrier of the Internet into ophthalmology classroom. Smart phones has a lot of features, such as rich teaching resources, diverse learning methods, flexible learning time, collating and recording capabilities and the timely, comprehensive and accurate teaching feedback so on, and could be used in case teaching and interactive teaching. The implementation of smart phones into ophthalmology classroom could inspire the learning enthusiasm of the students, enhance the quality of teaching, eventually improve teaching effects.

OBJECTIVEIt has been shown that triptolide can attenuate pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of triptolide on pulmonary hypertension in rats and possible mechanisms.

METHODSSixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control, model, continuous triptolide-treated, delayed triptolide-treated and two placebo groups for continuous and delayed fashions (n=10 each). The rats from the last 5 groups were injected with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg) on day 7 after left pneumonectomy. The rats in the continuous triptolide-treated group received therapy from day 5 to 35 with triptolide (0.25 mg/kg intraperitoneally, every other day) and those in the delayed triptolide-treated received therapy with triptolide (0.20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, daily) from day 21 to 35 after operation. The hemodynamic parameters were detected by catheterization and the pathologic changes of small pulmonary arteries were evaluated by light microscopy 5 weeks post-operation. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative fluorescence PCR of relevant (MMP2 and MMP9) mRNAs.

RESULTSBy day 35 after operation, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP, 38.10+/-1.20 vs 16.70+/-1.16 mmHg)the ratio of right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum [RV/(LV+S), 62.45+/-5.28% vs 22.76 +/-3.01%] and the vessel obstructive scores (VOS, 1.736 +/-0.080 vs 0.000 +/-0.000) increased significantly in the Model group compared with those of the normal control group (P < 0.01). The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 and their mRNA expression in lung tissues obviously also elevated in the Model group (P < 0.05). The continuous and the delayed triptolide-treated groups had significantly lower mPAP (20.80+/-1.03 and 26.20+/-1.03 mmHg, respectively) and less right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary arterial neointimal formation compared with the model and the placebo groups. The two treated groups also demonstrated decreased expression of MMP2 and MMP9 and their mRNA expression in lung tissues. There were significant differences in mPAP, RV/(LV+S) and VOS between the two triptolide-treated groups.

CONCLUSIONSTriptolide attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertention and right ventricular hypertrophy and promotes regression of pulmonary arterial neointimal formation in pneumonectomized rats that received MCT, possibly through an inhibition of MMPs activity.

Animals ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; enzymology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; analysis ; genetics ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between test anxiety and personality, self-esteem in grade one senior high school students.

METHODSTotally 538 senior high school students of grade one were investigated by Test Anxiety Scale (TAS), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) in a Senior High School in Shandong Province.

RESULTSThe prevalence of test anxiety among all the surveyed students was rated 65.2%. The Psychoticism (P) (51.60 +/- 9.66) or Neuroticism (N) (51.57 +/- 10.75) factor score of EPQ in students with test anxiety was significantly higher than that in students without test anxiety (48.07 +/- 8.62, 45.65 +/- 10.14) (P < 0.001), while the Extroversion or Introversion (E) score (50.76 +/- 11.09) was on the contrary (53.68 +/- 11.60) (P < 0.01). The total score of TAS was significantly positively related to the P (r = 0.14) and N (r = 0.36) factor score and significantly negatively related to the E factor score of EPQ (r = -0.15) (P < 0.001). The prevalence of test anxiety in introversive students (72.3%) was higher than that in extroversive students (53.2%) (P < 0.05), and that in students with unstable emotion (81.4%) and in students with apparent psychoticism (84.1%) were also higher than that in those with stable emotion (41.0%) and in those without psychoticism (57.7%) (P < 0.01). The total score of SES in students with test anxiety (29.12 +/- 4.41) was significantly lower than that in students without test anxiety (30.29 +/- 4.25) (P < 0.01). The total score of TAS was significantly negatively related to the total score of SES (r = -0.23) (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONTest anxiety should be related to the personality and self-esteem, and the prevalence of test anxiety in introversive, unstable emotional, apparent psychoticism or low self-esteem students should be higher.

Adolescent ; Anxiety ; psychology ; China ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Individuation ; Male ; Personality ; Self Concept ; Students ; psychology ; Test Anxiety Scale ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To develop a multiplex sequence-specific PCR assay for simultaneous screening of 5 types of JAK2 mutations and investigate its clinical application value. Methods Multiplex sequence-specific PCR assay for simultaneous screening of JAK2 V617F, K539L (include 2 types of gene mutations), N542-E543del and E543-D544del mutations were developed. 115 patients with myeloproliferative diseases (MPD) including 61 polycythemia vera (PV) cases, 43 essential thrombocythemia (ET) cases and 11 primary myelofibrosis (MF) cases were analyzed. Results The assay can screen the 5 types of JAK2 mutations efficiently. The detection sensitivity is 1% for JAK2 V617F mutation and 0.1% for the other mutations. JAK2 V617F mutation and JAK2 exon12 mutation were detected in 56 and 3 of the 61 PV samples, respectively. 27 of the 43 ET samples and 6 of the 11 MF samples were JAK2 V617F positive, but no JAK2 exon12 mutation was found in both groups. The 3 cases carrying JAK2 exon12 mutation had the clinical feature of erythrocytosis and erythropoietin-independent erythroid colony formation but without apparent leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and splenectasis. Conclusion The assay can simultaneously screen 5 types of JAK2 mutations with high sensitivity and thus lead to an increased detection rate.

Objective To investigate the proportion and function of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ regulatory T cells (CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr)in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods(1)Proportion measurement:the proportion of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells in peripheral blood was measured by double-label flow cytometric analysis.The samples were taken from 15 URSA women,15 normal non-pregnancy women and 13 normal pregnancy women.(2)Function measurement:CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr ceils and CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T ce]ls were extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes by the microbeads separation.The purity of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells and CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry.The growth inhibitory effect of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells on CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T cells was assessed in vitro.Results The proportion of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells was decreased significantly in URSA women(6.9?1.8)% than that in normal non-pregnancy women[(10.8?1.1)%] (P0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that decrease in proportion and function of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells may be associated with URSA.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between Chlamydia pneumonia (CP) infection and hypertension as well as the interaction of traditional risk factors and CP infections on hypertension in Chinese Mongolian population.

METHODS1430 inhabitants living in Tongliao city, Inner Mongolia were selected as research subjects, including 488 hypertensives and 942 normotensives. Enzyme-linked immunoassay technique was used to test CP IgG antibody in the blood serum and SPSS 13.0 Microsoft was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSThe prevalence rates of hypertension were significantly different between CP IgG positive and negative groups, However, the trend was attenuated after adjusting age, sex, drinking, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia. The CP infection rate was significant different in diastolic blood pressure groups, which was significantly higher in 80-84 mm Hg than that in the lowest DBP group. The interaction of chronic CP infection and other traditional risk factors were associated with hypertension in Chinese Mongolian ethnic groups. The ranking with significant sequence from high to low were BMI, dyslipidemia, alcohol intake, sex and age.

CONCLUSIONCP infection was not related to hypertension in Chinese Mongolian ethnic groups but the interaction with other traditional risk factors would increase the risk of developing hypertension.

China ; epidemiology ; Chlamydophila Infections ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; Male ; Mongolia ; ethnology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

Objective To study the type and corresponding clinical characteristics of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) associated immune gene mutations in the refractory virus infection or HLH of unknown causes. Methods From December 2009 to July 2010, the patients with refractory virus infection or HLH of unknown causes were screened for the primary HLH associated immune genes mutations by DNA sequence analysis, including PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, STXBP2, SH2D1A and XIAP. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were followed up. Results Totally 25 patients with refractory virus infection or HLH of unknown causes were investigated for the 6 genes and 13 cases were found carrying gene mutations, composing of 6 of PRF1 mutation, 3 of UNC13D, and each one of STX11,XIAP, SH2D1A and STXBP2, respectively. Among the 13 cases with gene mutations, 5 suffered from Epstein-Barr virus associated HLH( EBV-HLH), 1 human herpes virus 7 associated HLH (HHV7-HLH),1 HLH without causes, 4 chronic activated EB virus infection (CAEBV) with 1 progressing to Hodgkin's lymphoma carrying abnormal chromosome of t ( 15; 17 ) (q22; q25 ) and hyperdiploid, 2 EBV associated lymphoma. Among the other 12 patients without gene mutation, 4 suffered from EBV-HLH with 1 progressing to peripheral T lymphoma, 8 suffered from CAEBV. Conclusions Primary HLH associated immune gene mutations are critical causes of refractory virus infection of unknown causes, most patients manifest as HLH,some cases appear in CAEBV and EBV associated lymphoma. DNA sequence analysis is helpful to early diagnosis and correct decision-making for treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate drug resistance, genotype and serotype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) naive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSFull-length reverse transcriptase region of HBV DNA was amplified by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction from 97 NA-naive CHB patients, and the PCR product was sequenced, and analyzed to screen 11 classical antiviral drug resistance mutation sites and to identify HBV genotypes, subgenotypes and serotypes.

RESULTSWild-type sequences were found at all of the 11 classical antiviral drug resistance mutation sites from all samples. The patients were infected with either genotype B (36.1%, 35/97) or C (63.9%, 62/97) HBV. The former were all belonged to subgenotype B2 strain; while the latter were divided further into subgenotype C2 (91.9%, 57/62), subgenotype C1 (6.5%, 4/62) and unknown subgenotype (1.6%, 1/62). The 71.9% (23/32) of HBV genotype B patients were born in southern China, while 81.6% (40/49) of HBV genotype C patients were from northern China, showing a clear geographic distribution (Chi-square test = 23.19, Probability value less than 0.01). Of 97 CHB patients, 59 (60.8%) were serotype adr associated with genotype C, while 37 (38.1%) were adw related to genotype B (subgenotype B2) (Chi-square test = 87.83, P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe wild-type HBV strains prevail in NA-naive CHB patients, whose HBV genotypes, subgenotypes and serotypes are associated with their places of birth.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleotides ; therapeutic use ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Serotyping ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pericardial Effusion ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy