Objective To establish HPLC method for fast, effective, simultaneous determination of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin in serum. Methods The separation was achieved on the Hypersil ODS2(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)with methanol-acetonitrile-a mixture of potassium phosphate (9.5:2.5:88) as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The UV detecting wavelength was 280 nm.The temperature of the column was 35 ℃. Vancomycin and Norvancomycin were used as the internal standard for each other .Results Vancomycin and Norvancomycin blood concentration were in well linearity in the range of 1.25-100μg/mL,R2 =0.9996.The average method recovery rate of three concentrations were 96.88%,99.50%,105.01%respectively, the average method recovery rate of three concentrations were 94.40%,103.90,103.81%respectively, the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 5%.Conclusion The HPLC method is proved to be simple,sensitive, accurate and precise in which little blood sample is taken, thus it is suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) and pharmacokinetic study of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin.

Autophagy is a process for the degradation of long half-life proteins and organelles via the lysosome system. A large body of evidence indicates that the autophagic phenomena exist in the progressive atherosclerotic plaques. Vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells treated with some stimulants that result in atherosclerosis formation in in vitro experiments, these cells show certain autophagic features, such as myelin-like structures, accumulation of ubiquitinated inclusions in the cytoplasm, and extensive vacuolization. However, although the interests in research on autophagy are increasing, the exact role of autophagy in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Therefore, understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of autophagy will provide a new idea for studying the mechanisms and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Trastuzumab

Biomarkers, Tumor ; Endocrine Glands ; pathology ; secretion ; Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Pathology ; methods ; trends

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the further improvement of national essential medicines system. METHODS:Taking theBull's-eyecity Chengdu as an example,based on the trading areas,the existing problems in implementing essential medicine system were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative research methods,and countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS:From the point of view of quantitative data,the first level trading areas of both proportions of medical personnel per thousand ur-ban population and numbers of primary medical and health institutions per 100 thousands population in Chengdu were the lowest. From 2010 to 2012,the outpatient and inpatients increased 1.09 million people and 0.16 million beds per day in Chengdu primary health care institutions,the largest increase in the first level trading areas,and increase and decrease in the second and third level trading areas;outpatient and inpatient drug costs fell respectively 4 yuan and 109 yuan,medicine proportion declined 6.7%,in-crease in the first level trading areas,and decreased to varying degrees in the second and third level trading areas. From the point of view of qualitative interviews,the service ability got enhancement,but still could not meet the services demand,especially the pressure in the first level trading areas near center district remains heavy;drug cost was under controlled,but the subsidies needs to be increased,the per capita drug costs in the first level trading areas remains high;the drug income and medicine proportion were inhibited,especially the significant fell in the second and third level area,but the decrease of income may restrict develop-ment. CONCLUSIONS:It is suggested that more targeted drugs are needed for meeting the services demand,more sophisticated policy are needed for improving the subsidies,and more comprehensive medical conditions are needed for ensuring institutions'de-velopment.

With worldwide improvements in the regulations of international and domestic clinical trial conductions, the quality of clinical trials and trial data management are receiving a great deal of attention. To ensure the quality of clinical trials, maintain business flexibilities and effectively utilize internal and external resources, the outsourcing model is used in the management of clinical data in operation of pharmaceutical companies. The essential criteria of a successful outsourcing mode in clinical trial are selection of qualified contract research organizations (CRO); establishment of appropriate outsourcing model, and generation of effective quality control systems to ensure the authenticity, integrity and accuracy of the clinical trial data.

Objective To compare the value for predicting prognosis between ENETS and AJCC TNM staging system in G-NEC patients.Methods Clinical data of 28 G-NEC cases from January 2005 to September 2015 in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were analyzed and follow-up data were staged by he ENETS and AJCC TNM staging system.The survival curves were drawn using Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate analysis was performed by Log-rank test.Results Evaluated by ENETS TNM staging system on these 28 G-NEC patients,5 cases (18％) were classified at stage Ⅱ,20 cases (71％) were at stage Ⅲ,3 cases (11％) at stage Ⅳ,and significant difference in survival time was found between the three stages (P ＜ 0.05).By the AJCC TNM staging system,1 case (4％) was classified at stage Ⅱ,24 cases (86％) were at stage Ⅲ,and 3 cases (11％) at stage Ⅳ,and significant difference in survival time was found between three stages.Conclusions AJCC TNM staging system is more valuable for predicting prognosis of G-NEC,while the ENETS TNM staging system is more accurate in evaluating G-NEC biologic behavior.

Autopsy ; China ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Molecular Biology ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; methods ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods ; organization & administration

Dendritic Cells ; pathology ; Histiocytes ; pathology ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; pathology ; Humans ; Keratins ; analysis ; Langerhans Cells ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; chemistry ; classification ; pathology

Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; standards ; Reference Standards