Objective To explore the cause of the thyroid reoperation ,methods,surgical approach ,and the prevention of complications .Methods 39 cases of thyroid reoperation in patients with clinical data were reviewed and analyzed.Results Thyroid papillary carcinoma in 11 cases,follicular carcinoma in 2 cases,nodular 22 cases of thyroid,thyroid adenoma 1 case,3 cases of primary hyperthyroidism .The incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism ac-counted for 2 cases,temporary laryngeal recurrent nerve injury in 2 cases,chyle leakage in 1 case,in total of 12.8%of postoperative complications .Conclusion Improper operation method choice for the first time and the misdiagnosis was the main cause of reoperation , The reoperation of thyroid is difficult and has more complications .Preoperative evaluation and careful operation can prevent the occurrence of complications .

Objective To monitor the activities of orbicularis oculi muscle by analyzing the electroneurogram (ENG) of its innervating nerve. Methods The ENG was recorded in vivo by a cuff electrode implanted around a dog’s zygomatic branch of facial nerve. The differences between the ENG during relaxing period of the orbicularis oculi muscle and during the constricting period were analyzed to explore a way to monitor the muscle activities. Results The ENG signals indicating occurrences of eye blinking events were extracted in the study. Time-frequency analysis showed that there was no ENG difference when the orbicularis oculi muscle was in relaxing periods no mater whether it was in the nature eye-opening period or in the interval of eye blinking. The ENG of orbicularis oculi muscle in constricting period was different from the ENG in relaxing period at amplitude and frequency. Conclusion It is feasible to monitor the orbicularis oculi muscle activities by ENG analysis.

Objective • To establish New Zealand rabbit autogenous vein graft model and observe the changes of intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts at different time after grafting. Methods • 35 female New Zealand rabbits of 10 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 groups (7 rats in each group), i.e. postoperative 7 d group, postoperative 14 d group, postoperative 28 d group, postoperative 60 d group and normal control group. An animal model of external jugular vein common carotid artery bypass grafting was established, and the model construction steps were elaborated and optimized. Hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining was used to observe the intimal thickness after surgery and immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which was one of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation marker protein. The effect of model construction was finally evaluated. Results • In addition to the normal control group, the other 28 New Zealand rabbits were successfully completed the vein graft operation. All the grafted veins kept unblocked except for one graft in postoperative 7 d group developed thrombosis, and the success rate was 96.4% (27/28). H-E staining and immunofluorescence staining showed significant intimal hyperplasia after vein grafting. Compared with the normal control group, the intimal thickness of the vein grafts was significantly increased (all P=0.000) and the fluorescence intensity of α-SMA was significantly enhanced at each time group after surgery. Conclusion • New Zealand rabbit vein graft intimal hyperplasia modeling has an ideal success rate and good repeatability, which provides an ideal experimental model for studying the mechanism and prevention of restenosis after vein grafting.

Objective To produce human papillomavirus type 6(HPV-6)virus-like particles with Escherichia coli expression system and study its immunogenicity.Methods HPV-6 L1 gene was inserted into pmkaryotic expression vector pTO-T7 and then expressed in Escherichia coli ER2566.The HPV-6 L1 protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation,ion-exchange chromatography,and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.Then the purified HPV-6 L1 self-assembled into virus-like particle after removing 1,4dithiothreitol(DTr).The morphology of the virus-like particles was investigated with dynamic light scatter and transmission electron microscopy,and the immunogenicity was determined with in vitro pseudownons neutralization as8ay.Results HPV-6 L1 was expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli.Following the removal of DTT,purified HPV-6 L1 protein could assemble into virus-like particles as 25 am in the radius.And the animal immunization test showed HPV-6 virus-like particles can elite hish titer neutralizing antibodies.Conclusion The bacterially expressed HPV-6 L1 VLP is highly immunogenieity and easy to produce.And it can be good candidate of HPV-6 vaccine.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of four kinds of traditional Chinese herbal compound, Sini powder, Banxiahoupu soup, Ganmaidazao soup and Guizhigancaolonggumuli soup, on the experimental acute stress behaviors and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis.

METHODRats were divide into 7 groups: normal group, model 1 and 2 groups, Sini powder group, Banxiahoupu soup group, Ganmaidazao soup group, and Guizhigancaolonggumuli soup group. The behaviors of the rats and their CRH of the hypothalamus, ACTH of plasma and CORT of serum (by the means of radio-immunity) were detected.

RESULTSini powder could reduce the crossing times of open-field test( P < 0.01) and the contents of CRH and CORT (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); Banxiahoupu soup could extent the still time of tail-hanging test ( P < 0.05) and the content of CRH (P < 0.05); Ganmaidazao soup could prolong the still time (P < 0.05) and reduce the struggle times (P < 0.01) of tail-hanging test and reduce the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); Guizhigancaolonggumuli soup could reduce the crossing times of open-field test (P < 0.01) , extent the still time (P < 0.05) and reduce the struggle times ( P < 0.01) of tail-hanging test of tail-hanging test, also reduce the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe four kinds of traditional Chinese herbal compound can increase the ability of anti stress by affect the different taches of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axle and change the stress behaviors, which are based on their respective functions of regulating Qi, dispersing phlegm, tonifying Qi and warming Yang.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Ostreidae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological ; physiopathology

The effects of a non-selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) indomethacin, and exogenous prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) on A(delta) units and C units in the saphenous nerve of diabetic hyperalgesic rats were studied. The results showed that the conduction velocity of A(delta) units and C units and their mechanical threshold in diabetic hyperalgesic rats were obviously decreased, and a small number of A(delta) units (4/24) and C units (2/18) produced increased spontaneous activities. Intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin in diabetic hyperalgesic rats significantly relieved mechanical hyperalgesia, and resulted in a decrease in spontaneous afferent activities of the A(delta) units and C units. Subcutaneous injection of exogenous PGE(2) into the diabetic hyperalgesic and control rats produced a significant decrease in mechanical threshold of the A(delta) units and C units, and elicited discharge from 3 A(delta) units (3/24) and 1 C unit (1/18) in diabetic hyperalgesic rats and from 2 A(delta) units (2/13) in control rats. The present data suggest that the synthesis and release of PGs are increased in diabetic neuropathy, PGs can sensitize and /or activate A(delta) units and C units and elicit hyperalgesia and allodynia in diabetic rats.
Afferent Pathways ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Femoral Nerve ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Hyperalgesia ; physiopathology ; Indomethacin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Pain Threshold ; drug effects ; Prostaglandin Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Trichinella spiralis (T.spiralis) infection on the expression and distribution of colonic epithelial E-cadherin in mice and its mechanism.

METHODSBALB/c mice and STAT6-/- mice were infected with T.spiralis, and mice without infection were used as control. Seven days later, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was infused by rectal enema. Serum HRP was detected in the subsequent 0, 60 and 120 minutes. Then the mice were sacrificed and colon was taken out. The distribution of E-cadherin in colon was detected by immunofluorescence staining, and the expression of E-cadherin was detected by Western blot. The expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in mesenteric lymph nodes was detected by ELISA.

RESULTSSerum HRP level in infected BALB/c mice was significantly higher than that in control mice (P<0.05), while it was not significantly different between infected STAT6-/- mice and controls (P>0.05). In infected BALB/c mice, E-cadherin located in cytoplasm of colonic epithelial cells, while in controls, it located in cellular membrane. E-cadherin expression down-regulated significantly in infected BALB/c mice as compared to controls. E-cadherin expression and distribution did not change obviously in infected STAT6-/- and control mice. IL-4 level in mesenteric lymph nodes of infected BALB/c mice [(193.0±12.5) μg/L] was significantly higher as compared to control BALB/c and infected STAT6-/- mice [(21.0±2.3) μg/L and (15.0±3.1) μg/L, all P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONT.spiralis infection can increase colonic epithelial permeability of mice, which may be associated with induction of Th2 cytokine secretion.

Animals ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ; metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Knockout ; Trichinella spiralis ; Trichinellosis ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL) on different origin site in order to improve its diagnosis.Methods The clinical data from 202 patients with PGIL diagnosed by histology from January 1999 to June 2007 were identified from the clinical databases of 8 hospitals in Wuhan area and retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into gastric,small intestinal and large intestinal lymphoma groups according to the site of origin and there clinical characteristics were compared.Results The PGIL localization was gastric in 113 (56.0%) cases, small intestine in 37(18.3%) cases and large intestine in 52 (25.7%) cases.One hundred and thirty (64.4%) were males and 72 (35.6%) were females.The male patients were predominant.The median duration of symptoms in gastric lymphoma group was longer than small intestinal lymphoma group (3.0 months vs.1.0 month,P=0.013).The most common symptoms were abdominal pain and anemia. The clinical stage was Ⅰ E and Ⅱ E in 71.3% of cases.The large intestinal lymphoma group presented more advanced-stage disease compared with gastric lymphoma group (P = 0.014).The frequent histological type was mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT),diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma.Gastric,small intestinal and large intestinal lymphomas presented more frequently as low-grade MALT lymphoma (56.9%),T-cell lymphoma (34.4%) and high-grade B-cell lymphoma (51.1%),respectively (all P value ＜0.05).The common macroscopic type of PGIL were nodular protruding and ulcerative type.Compared with gastric lymphoma,nodular protruding type was more common and ulcerative type was less common in large intestinal lymphoma (P = 0.000).The diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy were 58.7% (61/104),25.0% (4/16),48.2% (13/27) in gastric,small intestinal and large intestinal lymphoma groups,respectively.Conclusions The clinical characteristics are different in patients with different localization of PGIL including patient characters, initial symptoms,histological classification,clinical stage,macroscopic feature,endoscopic findings. Analysis of these clinical characteristics is helpful to improve its diagnosis.

This study was aimed to investigate the distribution of chromosomal aberrational karyotype in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) subgroups, the characterizations of numerical and structural aberration. The chromosome was prepared with simple culture of bone marrow, and the karyotype was analysed by G banding technique. The results showed tht 54 out of 127 patients (42.5%) had clonal chromosome aberrations, and the abnormal rates were different in subgroups: 30% (3/10) in MDS-RA, 35.9% (23/64) in MDS-RCMD, 22.2% (2/9) in MDS-RAS, 45% (9/20) in MDS-RAEB-I, 66.7% (14/21) in MDS-RAEB-II, 100% (3/3) in 5q-syndrome, respectively. Among 54 abnormal chromosome patients, 21 patients showed numerical aberration, 14 patients showed structural aberration, and the other 19 patients showed both numerical and structural aberration. The order of frequent aberrations was as follows complex karyotype (11.02%, 14/127), single +8 (10.24%, 13/127), -7/7q- (3.9%, 5/127), 1q+ (3.15%, 4/127), -X/-Y (3.15%, 4/127), 20q- (2.36%, 3/127), 5q- (2.36%, 3/127). The frequency of complex karyotype in MDS-RAEB (including RAEB-I and RAEB-II) was higher than that in non MDS-RAEB (including RA, RCMD, RAS, 5q-syndrome) (P < 0.05), and the frequency of balanced translocation was lower than that in non-balanced translocation (P < 0.05), and both of the two balanced translocation patients were found in MDS-RAEB. It is concluded that MDS is highly heterogeneous clonal disorder, a great majority of cytogenetic changes can be detected and most of which are recurrent aberrations, balanced translocations are rare, and only found in MDS-RAEB. The frequency of complex karyotype in MDS-RAEB is higher, and the patients with dup (1) (q21q32) recurrent abnormality is common in this study.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective to compare and contrast the diagnosis results on 2D and 3D Ultrasonogrpahy against MRI. Method A 2D Ultrasonography was applied during a conventional prenatal sonography checking with a 3D Sonography assessment subsequently conducted to follow up on 49 fetus suspected of brain malformation.Furthermore, a MRI scan was taken within 24 hours after the 3D Sonography checking in our hospital as a final test. Data collections from all three assessments were completed, and an analysis of the comparisons of these three methods were done. Results Among these 49 fetus with confirmed or suspected brain malformation, there were two cases of misdiagnoses of Dandy-Walker Malformation assessed by 2D sonography, with a misdiagnosis rate of 40％, (P ＜ 0.05) indicating a statistically significant result; misdiagnosis rate of Fetal Ventriculomegaly and Isolated Broadening Posterior Fossa were calculated as 26.7％ and 33.3％ respectively (P ＜0.05), a statistically significant result. Overall, there were two cases with Cerebellum Malformation, from in which one case was identified by MRI, and the other one was misdiagnosed, with a misdiagnosis rate of 50.0％.In total, there were 2 cases of Holoprosencephaly, in which one was identified by Prenatal MRI, and the other was misdiagnosed (P ＜ 0.05), a statistically significant result. Conclusions All three assessments of 2D ultrasonography, 3D ultrasonography and MRI have their own advantages and disadvantages. In short, 2D Sonography is suggested to be applied for screening out cases with brain malformation, together with 3D Sonography as a complementary assessment. MRI can also be an effective and significant complement for sonography in completing and readdressing the final ultrasonic results.