Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Paraquat ; analysis ; Workplace

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is manifested as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), represents a significant cause of death, disability, and discomfort. They are frequent complications of various surgical procedures. The aging population and the survival of more severely injured patients may suggest an increasing risk of thromboembolism in the trauma patients. Expanded understanding of the population at risk challenges physicians to carefully examine risk factors for VTE to identify high-risk patients who can benefit from prophylaxis. An accurate knowledge of evidence-based risk factors is important in predicting and preventing postoperative DVT, and can be incorporated into a decision support system for appropriate thromboprophylaxis use. Standard use of DVT prophylaxis in a high-risk trauma population leads to a low incidence of DVT. The incidence of VTE is common in Asia. The evaluation includes laboratory tests, Doppler test and phlebography. Screening Doppler sonography should be performed for surveillance on all critically injured patients to identify DVT. D-Dimer is a useful marker to monitor prophylaxis in trauma surgery patients. The optimal time to start prophylaxis is between 2 hours before and 10 hours after surgery, but the risk of PE continues for several weeks. Thromboprophylaxis includes graduated compression stockings and anticoagulants for prophylaxis. Anticoagulants include Warfarin, which belongs to Vitamin K antagonists, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins, factor Xa indirect inhibitor Fondaparinux, and the oral IIa inhibitor Melagatran and ximelagatran. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin is a new and highly effective antithrombotic agent. Prophylactic placement of vena caval filters in selected trauma patients may decrease the incidence of PE. The indications for prophylactic inferior vena cava filter insertion include prolonged immobilization with multiple injuries, closed head injury, pelvic fracture, spine fracture, multiple long bone fracture, and attending discretion. Multiple-trauma patients are at increased risk for DVT but are also at increased risk of bleeding, and the use of heparin may be contraindicated. Serial compression devices (SCDs) are an alternative for DVT prophylaxis. Compression devices provide adequate DVT prophylaxis with a low failure rate and no device-related complications. Immobilization is one of important reasons of VTE. The ambulant patient is far less likely to develop complications of inactivity, not only venous thrombosis, but also contractures, decubitus ulcers, or osteoporosis (with its associated fatigue fractures), as well as bowel or bladder complications.
Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Factor Xa Inhibitors ; Heparin ; therapeutic use ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Orthopedic Procedures ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Pulmonary Embolism ; prevention & control ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Risk Factors ; Thrombomodulin ; therapeutic use ; Vena Cava Filters ; Venous Thrombosis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Vitamin K ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Warfarin ; therapeutic use

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of breast cancer-associated antigen 1(BRCAA1)gene silencing on gastric cancer MGC-803 cells and the related mechanism.Methods:Plasmid shRNA-BRCAA1 and shRNA-N were constructed and transfected with FuGene HD into gastric cancer cell line MGC-803.The transfection efficiency was examined using fluorescent microscope 24 h later.The total RNAs was extracted 48 h 'after transfection and the expression of BRCAA1 and GAPDH gene were analyzed by real-time PCR.The cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay 24 h,48 h,and 72 h after transfection.The cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-PE/TAAD.The expression of Rb,Bax, Bcl-2 and BRCAA1 proteins was analyzed by Western blotting 48 h after transfection.Results:We found that the transfection efficiency of shRNA-BRCAA1 was(81.2?2.6)%24 h after transfection.Forty-eight hours after transfection with shRNA-BRCAA1 the expression of BRCAAI mRNA decreased by 61.4%;the inhibition rate of MGC-803 cells growth was 45.0%.The cell apoptosis rate of shRNA-BRCAA1 transfection group was significantly higher than those of untransfected group and mock plasmid transfected group([14.4?1.6]%vs[5.4?2.0]%,[4.4?2.5]%,P

Objective To investigate effects of high fat-salt diet on change of growth and development,body fat distribution insulin sensitivity and associated metabolic indexes for juvenile rats. Methods 50 grams of male,female SD juvenile rats (3 weeks,just weaned) were randomly divided into 3 groups,12-14 animals in each group,were given routine diet (NC) and high fat diet (FC) and high fat-salt diet (FSC) .Then the body weight,,body length,abdominal circumference,blood pressure,visceral fat weight,plasma lipids were measured 4 weeks later,at the same time oral glucose tolerance test and insulin release test were performed. Results In the FSC group,body weight,abdominal circumference,blood pressure,visceral fat,plasma glucose and insulin level significantly increased than the NC group,plasma lipid disorders increased and significant insulin resistance occurred. Conclusion High fat and high salt could successfully induced obesity,hypertension,dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

A mature appressorium cDNA library of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, was constructed in a ?TriplEx2 vector by SMARTTM cDNA library containing 2.37?106 independent clones about 100% of which harbor foreign cDNA inserts with average size of 660 bp. Of 9 randomly selected clones, 2 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequences did not have homologous EST sequences of M. grisea in GenBank. The appressorium cDNA library is suitable for gene expression analysis and function analysis of the late stages of appressorium formation and the early stages of penetration of M. grisea.

Background As a newly developed refractive surgery,femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) receives more and more attention.Changes in ocular stray light after femtosecond LASIK is an important problem that impacts visual quality.Some relevant research has been performed before,but the outcomes are conflicting.Objective This primary study was to investigate the change of stray light values before and after femtosecond LASIK and analyze the relevant factors underlying the change.Methods Clinical data from 109 eyes of 55 myopic patients who underwent femtosecond LASIK in Tianjin Eye Hospital from December,2010 through February,2011 were included in this study.Stray light values were measured and recorded by C-Quant stray light meter preoperatively,and 1 day,1 week,1 month and 6 months postoperatively.The stray light data were compared by repeated measures ANOVA,and the correlations among the stray light values with preoperative factors,such as age,equivalent sphere,pupil diameter and central corneal thickness(CCT),as well as with postoperative factors,such as residual bed thickness(RBT),RBT/CCT,ablation depth,ablation ratio,flap thickness,flap diameter flap base width and exiting energy,were analyzed statistically.Written informed consent was obtained from each individual at initial of this study.Results The stray light values were 0.90±0.19,1.10±0.19,1.02±0.18,0.96±0.16 and 0.94±0.15 pre-operation,and 1 day,1 week,1 month and 6 months after femtosecond LASIK.The stray light values increased significantly 1 day,1 week,and 1 month after surgery,showing significant differences among the various time points (F=17.699,P=0.000).The mean stray light value was higher in 1 week than that in 6 months after operation (t=2.412,P=0.017).No significant differences were found in the stray light values between 6 months and 1 month or pre-operation (t =0.779,P =0.437 ; t =-1.877,P =0.062).No significant correlations were seen between preoperative and postoperative stray light values with age,preoperative refractive diopter,pupil diameter or CCT (P＞0.05).The changes in stray light values 1 week,1 month and 6 months after surgery were negatively correlated with ablation depth(r=-0.226,-0.228,-0.241 ;P＜0.05) and ablation ratio(r =-0.149,-0.219,-0.255 ;P＜0.05).Conclusions Stray light values increase within 1 month and return to normal 6 months after femtosecond LASIK.Stray light values may be related to multiple setting laser parameters and factors during femtosecond LASIK.

BACKGROUNDThe lung functional status could be displayed on lung perfusion images. With the images, the radiotherapy plans of lung cancer could be guided to more optimized. This study aimed to assess quantitatively the impact of incorporating functional lung imaging into 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSTen patients with NSCLC who had undergone radiotherapy were included in this study. Before radiotherapy, each patient underwent CT simulation and lung perfusion imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The SPECT images were registered with simulation planning CT and used to contour functional lung (lung-F) and non-functional lung (lung-NF). Two 3DCRT plans and two IMRT plans were designed and compared in each patient: two anatomic plans using simulation CT alone and two functional plans using SPECT-CT in addition to the simulation CT. Dosimetric parameters of the four types of plans were compared in terms of tumor coverage and avoidance of normal tissues. Total radiation dose was set at 66 Gy (2 Gy x 33 fractions).

RESULTSIn incorporating perfusion information in 3DCRT and IMRT planning, the reductions on average in the mean doses to the functional lung in the functional plan were 168 cGy and 89 cGy, respectively, compared with those in the anatomic plans. The median reductions in the percentage of volume irradiated with > 5 Gy, > 10 Gy, > 20 Gy, > 30 Gy and > 40 Gy for functional lung in the functional plans were 6.50%, 10.21%, 14.02%, 22.30% and 23.46% in 3DCRT planning, respectively, and 3.05%, 15.52%, 14.16%, 4.87%, and 3.33% in IMRT planning, respectively. No greater degree of sparing of the functional lung was achieved in functional IMRT than in 3DCRT.

CONCLUSIONFunction-guided 3DCRT and IMRT plannings both appear to be effective in preserving functional lung in NSCLC patients.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Radiography ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; methods

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is one of the major protein turnover mechanisms that plays important roles in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. It is composed of E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 ubiquitin ligases that transfer ubiquitin to the substrates that are subjected to degradation in the 26S proteasome. The Skp1, Cullin, F-box protein (SCF) E3 ligases are the largest E3 gene family, in which the F-box protein is the key component to determine substrate specificity. Although the SCF E3 ligase and its F-box proteins have been extensively studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, only limited studies have been reported on the role of F-box proteins in other fungi. Recently, a number of studies revealed that F-box proteins are required for fungal pathogenicity. In this communication, we review the current understanding of F-box proteins in pathogenic fungi.
Cryptococcus neoformans ; F-Box Proteins ; Fungi ; Humans ; Ligases ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Substrate Specificity ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Yeasts

A mature appressorium cDNA library of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, was constructed in a lambdaTriplEx2 vector by SMART cDNA library containing 2.37x10(6) independent clones about 100% of which harbor foreign cDNA inserts with average size of 660 bp. Of 9 randomly selected clones, 2 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequences did not have homologous EST sequences of M. grisea in GenBank. The appressorium cDNA library is suitable for gene expression analysis and function analysis of the late stages of appressorium formation and the early stages of penetration of M. grisea.
Cloning, Molecular ; methods ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Gene Library ; Magnaporthe ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods