No abstract available.
Strabismus* ; Visual Acuity*

Vitreous hemorrhages of white rabbit eyes were obtained by the following three methods and their ultrasonographies were checked several times for four weeks. 1 st group: fresh human blood was injected into the vitreous cavity through the sclera, 2 nd group: oxalated human blood was injected into the vitreous cavity in the same way, 3 rd group: a 26 gauge needle was inserted into the vitreous cavity and retinal vessels were mechanically ruptured to cause vitreous hemorrhage. Ultrasonography of the above groups revealed no definite differences between groups, but a high echo from the vitreous hemorrhages in initial stage changed to several low echoes in later stage. This fact was well matched with funduscopic observation for gradual absorption of the vitreous hemorrhage.
Absorption ; Humans ; Needles ; Retinal Vessels ; Sclera ; Ultrasonography* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

No abstract available.
Korea*

We have discussed regarding the general consideration on Uveitis. Although there are numberous research dissertation of many scholars on this Uveitis, their assertion on the known etiology are somewhat different with each other and most of their assertion are of unknown origin. Furthermore, the definition of the known origin are changing according to the epoch. For example, it has been defined due to Tb during 1900, Allergic during 1930, Brucellosis and Sarcoidosis during 1940 Toxoplasmesis during 1950 and Histoplasma during 1960. In this Uveitis there are many cases which lost sight already before the first medical examination and lost the sight during and/or after the treatment. Therefore, this Uveitis is disease which could not be neglected in ophthalmology. Recently, it seems remarkable that Toxoplasmosis and Behcet syndrome are growing in this country. Although they are using Steroid, mydriatics and antibiotics etc at the treatment, there are many rooms for reserch and development in this treatment. This Uveitis is disease of unknown origin and increasing/falling according to the mode of life, geographical location and cultural transition.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Behcet Syndrome ; Brucellosis ; Histoplasma ; Mydriatics ; Ophthalmology ; Sarcoidosis ; Toxoplasmosis ; Uveitis*

No abstract available.
Conjunctivitis*

Early discover and treatment is important for the prevention of amblyopia. When we discover ambloypia early, it is good for below 3 years old to do full occlusion theraphy. Thru the attempt of instruction for families, it is very good to find out obstacle etiology for normal developmental process of vision from childfood. It is need to do visual test before the the entrance to primary school.
Amblyopia* ; Child, Preschool ; Humans

Choroideremia is characterized by progressive atrophy of choroid and pigment epithelium of retina leading to night blindness and gross loss of field. and is inherited as X chromosome linked intermediate. Authors experienced 2 cases among a family of choroideremia. The clinical finding and brief reviews of literatures are reported as followings.
Atrophy ; Choroid ; Choroideremia* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Night Blindness ; Retina ; X Chromosome

The author investigated on the ratio of central serous retinopathy (C.S.R.) cases among total out patients, the distribution of age and sex, and sites of affected eye in 214 cases of C.S.R. from March 1st 1977 to February 28th 1981. Fluorescein angiography was performed in 132 eyes of 108 cases among them. Each type according to the leaking pattern on fluorescein angiography were characteritically classified as followings: Type A; Leaking point is unremarkable (C.S.R. clinically). Type B; Leaking point appears at early arterial phase and increases in density gradually but the size of leaking area is not enlarged. Type C; Leaking point appears at early arterial phase and increases concentrically in its size and density. Type D; Leaking point appears at early arterial phase and increases vertically (mushroom shaped) in its size and density. Type E; Leaking point appears at early arterial phase and gradually fades out (scar formation). The results were obtained as follows: 1) The eyes of C.S.R. were observed in 0.83% among total out patients. 2) As to the distribution of age, 5th decade was most frequantly affected in 37.3%. 3) As to the distribution of sex. male was observed in 80.8%. 4) Among 214 cases, unilateral involvement was observed in 85.1% without difference of both eyes and binocular involvement was nbserved in 14.9%. 5) Type C in leaking pattern was most frequantly observed in 25.8%. 6) A single leakage was observed in 59. 1% of all eyes. 7) The site of leaking point of fluorescein was found most frequantly in the upper area. 8) The direction of diffusion in leaking pattern was most frequantIy upward in type C, and outward in type D. 9) The detached size of type C and D were more larger than other types. 10) Comparing the onsets of each type, type A, B, C and D could be seen within 3 months, and type E could be found over 3 months. 11) In general, the visual acuity was severely disturbed in type D rather than the other types. And the visual disturbance was remarkable in the case of large serous detachment.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Diffusion ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescein* ; Humans ; Male ; Outpatients ; Telescopes ; Visual Acuity

The author constructed an apparatus for measuring the visual acuity objectively by evoking optokinetic nystagmus. The stimulus for eliciting the nystagmus is vertically drawn lines on a white paper, which is driven horizontally by a motor. The width of lines ranged from 1.Omm to 15mm, the distance of each line being the same as the width of lines. The occurrence of nystagmus was verified by observing with corneal microscope and slit lamp. At a distance of 5m, with few exceptions, the finest lines which elicited nystagmus was determined. In the subjective determination of visual acuity, Landolt ring was used. With this equipment and procedure, 156 persons, 312 eyes were examined. A comparison has been made between the gap width of the Landolt ring and the width of line. The results are compiled into able. A statistical treatment shows a highly significant correlation (coefficient, O.96) for the relation between the gap width of the ring and line width which elicited nystagmus. The mutual relationship of these two values is expressed as regression equation. From this results, it is concluded that this procedure is suitable for the objective determination of visual acuity. The author also tried to establish whether the arresting of optokinetic nystagmus is suitable for the objective visual acuity measurement. This method, however, failed to show any reliability. The various methods previously used for the objective measurement of visual acuity are reviewed.
Humans ; Nystagmus, Optokinetic* ; Visual Acuity*

In newoborn infants, we can find the retinal hemorrhage, hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, cataract, iridodialysis, choroidal rupture, lens dislocation and the injuries to the conjunctiva and lid due to birth injury. We studied the frequency, influencing factors, shape and absorption period of retinal hemorrhages in newborn infants by the following method. The 152 newborn infants that were delivered at the obstetric department of S.C.H. college hospital from May 25th '80 to June 29th '80 are examined with direct ophthalmscope after instillation of 1% mydriacyl solution. Fundus eyamination was done within 24 hour after delivery, 3rd day, 2nd week, and 3rd week. 1) The retinal hemorrhage is seen in 19.1% of newborn infant. 2) Bilaterality is over 55%. 3) Frequency is higher in primipara than in multipara and higher in over 30 years old mother and vaccum deliveries. 4) The retinal hemorrhages are absorpted about 1/2 of cases within 3 days and almost within 3 weeks.
Absorption ; Adult ; Birth Injuries ; Cataract ; Choroid ; Conjunctiva ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Lens Subluxation ; Mothers ; Retinal Hemorrhage* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rupture ; Vitreous Hemorrhage