No abstract available.
Appendix* ; Intussusception*

Male urethral diverticulum is uncommon lesion, furthermore calculus formation within the male urethral diverticulum is very rare. Generally, urethral diverticula are classified as congenital and acquired. The majority of male urethral diverticula are acquired and approximately 10 to 20 per cent are congenital. Acquired urethral diverticula in the male may arise from many sources, including infection (prostatic abscess, infection of periurethral glands, hematoma or schistosomiasis), obstruction (stricture, impacted stone, Cunningham clamp or condom catheter) and trauma (instrumentation, external injury and pelvic fracture). Calculi formation is more common in the acquired diverticulum owing to stagnation of urine and infection. These calculi in the diverticulum usually are solitary and may attain considerable size with predisposing factors, 1) a ureteral or bladder calculus that is lodged in the urethra 2) urethral trauma or stricture, 3) calcification around a foreign body or hair. The treatment of urethral diverticulum combined with stone is excision of the diverticula with removal of stone. We treated two cases of urethral diverticulum combined with stone in the male, and report with review of literature.
Abscess ; Calculi ; Causality ; Condoms ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diverticulum* ; Foreign Bodies ; Hair ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male* ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder Calculi

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Fistula*

Three anopheline mosquitoes in Korea were studied for their abilities as vectors for Plasmodium vivax. The female mosquitoes of Anopheles lesteri, An. pullus and An. sinensis were allowed to suck malaria patient blood until fully fed, and they were then bred for 2 weeks to develop from malaria parasites to sporozoites. The result from the above confirmed the sporozoites in one An. lesteri of one individual and five An. sinensis of six individuals. We also reconfirmed that An. sinensis was the main vector to transmit malaria and An. lesteri as well as An. sinensis were able to carry Korean malaria parasites. Therefore, we propose that diversified study is needed to manage malaria projects.
Adult ; Animals ; Culicidae/*parasitology/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Insect Vectors ; Korea ; Malaria/parasitology/transmission ; Male ; *Plasmodium vivax

Management of the small lower ureteral stone has been attempted by either transurethral manipulation or expectant therapy. To date, however, the choice of proper method has depended mostly on clinician's preference, and the effectiveness of the transurethral stone manipulation has remained controversial. Herein we evaluated the effectiveness of the transurethral stone manipulation, using with the Dormia dislodger, in 37 patients with lower ureteral stone less than 10mm in greatest diameter. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The overall success rate was 68% (25 of 37 patients); Immediate delivery of the stone was observed in 16 of 37 patients. In another 5 patients the stone was removed at the time when the indwelled ureteral catheter was taken out. In the remaining 4 patients the stone passed spontaneously within a week following the procedure. 2. Higher success rate was observed in smaller stone; 79% in less than 4 mm, 58% in 46 mm, and 33% in 610 mm in it's greatest diameter, respectively. 3. The morbidity rate was 8.1% (3 of 37 patients); In one patient a broken basket was retained in the ureter, which was removed at the time of ureterolithotomy. In another patient a ureteral stricture requiring periodic dilation was complicated. And in the other patient persistent hematuria was observed, which was relieved by conservative management. These results suggest that transurethral manipulation might have to be initially applied to unremittingly painful patients with small lower ureteral stone.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Methods ; Ureter* ; Urinary Catheters

An ELISA was developed for the diagnosis of vivax malaria using multiple stage-specific recombinant antigens of Plasmodium vivax. The DNA from the whole blood of a malaria patient was used as template to amplify the coding regions for the antigenic domains of circumsporozoite protein (CSP-1), merozoite surface protein (MSP-1), apical merozoite antigen (AMA-1), serine repeat antigen (SERA), and exported antigen (EXP-1). Each amplified DNA fragment was inserted into pQE30 plasmid to induce the expression of His-tagged protein in Escherichia coli (M15 strain) by IPTG. His-tagged proteins were purified by Ni-NTA metal-affinity chromatography and used as antigens for ELISA with patient sera that were confirmed previously by blood smear examinations. When applied to patient sera, 122 (80.3%) out of 152 vivax malaria cases reacted to at least one antigen, while no reactions were observed with 128 uninfected serum samples. We applied this ELISA to the screening of 3, 262 civilian residents in endemic regions near the DMZ, which resulted in 236 positively detected (7.2%) cases. This method can be applied to serological diagnosis and mass screening in endemic regions, or can be used as a safety test for transfusion blood in endemic areas.
Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics/*immunology ; *Endemic Diseases ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Malaria, Vivax/*diagnosis/epidemiology/parasitology ; Mass Screening ; Plasmodium vivax/*growth & development/immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/*immunology ; Serologic Tests

Retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital organ originating from the venous maldevelopment. To our knowledge, retrocaval ureter with contralateral renal agenesis has not been reported in Korea. Recently, we experienced a case of retrocaval ureter with contralateral renal agenesis, and obtained a good result following ureteral resection with end-to-end anastomosis of the ureter.
Korea ; Retrocaval Ureter* ; Ureter

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the CT findings of gastric adenocarcmoma and gastric lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed and compared the CT findings in 46 cases of adenocarcinoma and 12 cases of lymphoma, which were pathologically confirmed by operation and endoscopic biopsy. RESULTS: Antral involvement was more common in adenocarcinoma(71.7%) than in lymphoma(41.7%). Localized involvement was more common in adenocarcinoma(83.7%), while diffuse involvement was more common in lymphoma(55.6%). Adenocarcinoma tended to have smooth inner margin(83.8%), while lymphoma had nodular or irregular inner margin(36.4%). Mean gastric wall thickness of adenocarcinoma was 1.7cm, while mean thickeness of lymphoma was 2.7cm. The involved wall of adenocarcinoma tended to be highly enhanced (59.5%), while lymphoma was moderately enhanced(90.1%). Perigastric lymphadenopathy was present in 40% (group I) and 42%(group II) of adenocarcinoma and 33% of lymphoma(group I and II). Three cases of lymphoma had lymphadenopathy below renal vascular pedicles with no or minimal perigastric lymphadenopathy. When only the distal portion of the stomach was involved, disturbance in passage developed in six adenocarcinoma (12%), while none developed in the lymphoma. CONCLUSION: CT features help to differentiate between gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma
Adenocarcinoma* ; Biopsy ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach

Ureteroscopic removal of the stone is now popular for the management of the lower ureteral stone. A clinical study was performed on our 75 patients with lower ureteral stone treated with ureteroscopy. Of the 75 stone manipulations 62 (83%) were immediately successful and the final success rate including spontaneous delivery of stone or fragment after the procedure was 87 percents (65 cases). Of 57 smaller calculi than 1 cm (radiographic largest diameter) 50 (88%) were removed successfully. Mean duration of postoperative hospitalization was 5.6 days. There were no interrelations between the success rate and anesthetic methods. Significant complications during or after procedure were not identified. We conclude that ureteroscopic removal of stones under direct vision can be done safely and be the first choice of procedure for the lower ureteral stones.
Calculi ; Clinical Study ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Ureter* ; Ureteroscopy

The effect of a secretory proteinase from the pathogenic amoebae Acanthamoeba castellanii on hosts defense-oriented or regulatory proteins such as immunoglobulins, interleukin-1, and protease inhibitors was investigated. The enzyme was found to degrade secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), IgG, and IgM. It also degraded interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and IL-1beta. Its activity was not inhibited by endogenous protease inhibitors, such as alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1-trypsin inhibitor, and alpha2-antiplasmin. Furthermore, the enzyme rapidly degraded those endogenous protease inhibitors as well. The degradation of hosts defense-oriented or regulatory proteins by the Acanthamoeba proteinase suggested that the enzyme might be an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba infection.
Acanthamoeba/*enzymology/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Endopeptidases/*physiology ; Immunoglobulins/*metabolism ; Interleukin-1/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/*metabolism ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Virulence