Objective To establish HPLC method for fast, effective, simultaneous determination of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin in serum. Methods The separation was achieved on the Hypersil ODS2(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)with methanol-acetonitrile-a mixture of potassium phosphate (9.5:2.5:88) as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The UV detecting wavelength was 280 nm.The temperature of the column was 35 ℃. Vancomycin and Norvancomycin were used as the internal standard for each other .Results Vancomycin and Norvancomycin blood concentration were in well linearity in the range of 1.25-100μg/mL,R2 =0.9996.The average method recovery rate of three concentrations were 96.88%,99.50%,105.01%respectively, the average method recovery rate of three concentrations were 94.40%,103.90,103.81%respectively, the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 5%.Conclusion The HPLC method is proved to be simple,sensitive, accurate and precise in which little blood sample is taken, thus it is suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) and pharmacokinetic study of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin.

Autopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; pathology

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Trastuzumab

Biomarkers, Tumor ; Endocrine Glands ; pathology ; secretion ; Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Pathology ; methods ; trends

AIM: To study the expressions and clinical significance of PDCD4 and B7-H4 in optic gliomas in children.
METHODS:We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expressions of PDCD4 and B7-H4 in specimens from 52 optic gliomas in children cases, and analyzed the correlation of PDCD4 and B7 - H4 expression with clinicopathological factors children optic gliomas.
RESULTS: PDCD4 expression reduced in optic glioma tissue:PDCD4 expression rate in 52 cases of optic glioma tissues decreasing was correlated with tumor malignancy increase (P<0. 01); B7-H4 positive expression increased in optic glioma tissue: B7-H4 expression rate in 52 cases of optic glioma tissues increasing was correlated with tumor malignancy increase (P<0. 01); PDCD4 expression was negatively correlated with B7-H4 expression in optic gliomas (P<0. 01).
CONCLUSION: Expressions of PDCD4 and B7-H4 may be clinically relevant to tumor malignancy of optic gliomas in children and prevention of metastasis and prediction of prognosis.

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effects of flunarizine（FZN） in retinal ischemic injury．MethodsFor the experimental group and the treated group in ischemic reperfusion different stages, the contents of lipid peroxide metabolim malondialdehyde （MDA） in rabbites’ retinal tissues were detected by using TBA．ResultsThe contents of MDA in the experimental and treated groups at 30 min，60 min and 90 min of reperfusion increased remarkably compared with that of the normal control group（P＜0.01)．The contents of MDA in the treated group at 30 min，60 min and 90 min of reperfusion were much lower than that of MDA in the experimental group at 30 min，60 min and 90 min of reperfusion respectively（P＜0.01）．ConclusionIntracellular calcium overload may be involved in pathophysiologic process of retinal ischemic injury．Flunarizine has the protective effects in retinal ischemic injury.

Objects:To investigate the current situation of interpersonal communication inpreparatory students in one Xinjiang medical college from the exchanges between students.Methods:Using self-developed questionnaire,a survey was conducted among 200 preparatory students and depth interviews were conducted for typical cases.Results:Preppies showed a strong willing of interpersonal communication.In the process of students' interaction,some features were presented as followings:pure motives but dissimilarity,narrow range of interactions,lack of interaction ability and the single form of social activities.Conclusion:Based on the above current situation of interpersonal communication in preparatory students,it should enhance the language application ability of preparatory stage,change the idea and attach importance to the education of humanistic quality in preparatory education and train preppy's expression and listening art.

The distribution features of studies on reading popularization in CNKI-covered CSSCI papers were demonstrated from the aspects of their annual distribution, core authors and institution co-occurrence network by bibliometric, visualization and contents analysis.The study hot spots in the two development periods of reading popularization were displayed in the form of knowledge map with the study contents assessed in brief in order provide certain reference for the creative development of reading popularization theories and practice.

BACKGROUND:One function of papaver nudicaule L is its analgesic effect. Previous studies showed that total alkaloid,extracted from papaver nudicaule,possesses observable analgesic effects. Nudicauline,separated from the total alkaloid of papaver nudicaule,is a new kind of alkaloid.OBJECTIVE:To study the analgesic effect of nudicauline and its mechanism of action.DESIGN:A randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING:Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,Chengde Medical Colege.MATERIALS:The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chengde Medical College (Key Laboratory for Research and Exploitation of Traditional Chinese Medicine) from August 2001 to December 2003.Totally 140 mice were included and randomly divided into 14 groups with 10 mice in each group in this experiment.METHODS: ① Study of the analgesic effect.The animals were randomly assigned to 5 groups:saline control group,and nudicauline 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg groups as well as morphine group. ② relation with endor-phin.The animals were divided into 5 groups:saline control group,nudicauline +naloxone group,morphine group,and morphine +naloxone group. ③relation with nitrogen monoxide.The animals were divided into 4 groups:saline group,nudicauline group,nudicauline +L-arginine 400 mg/kg group,and n-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 37.5 mg/kg group.Totally 20 μL 10 g/L formalin was injected into the right hindlimbs of the mice. The pain observation item:walking freely was 0 point;being lame,could stand on the floor without moving was 1 point;could lift their feet was 2 point;could shake or lick their feet was 3 points.The observation fell into 2 phases:0 to 10 minutes after pain induction was set as the first phase,and 20 to 30minutes was set as the second phase.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The pain response scores of the mice in each group under the effect of different drugs.RESULTS: ① Nudicauline reduced significantly the score of response to the pain induced by formalin in the second phase(P ＜ 0.05-0.01).The higher dosage of nudicauine had certain inhibitory effect on the pain reaction in the first phase (P ＜ 0.05).Morphine had significant inhibitory effect on the pain reaction in both phases(P ＜ 0.01). ② Naloxone could completely inhibit the analgesic effect of morphine,but had no influence on the analgesic effect of nudicauline. ③ The analgesic effect of nudicauline was partially blocked by L-arginine in the second phase and enhanced by L-NAME.CONCLUSION:Nudicauline has obvious analgesic effects,whereas opium antagonist naloxone can completely inhibit the analgesic effect of morphine,but cannot alter the effect of nudicauline,which indicates that the analgesic effect is not related to the endogenous opioid system. L-arginine can partially inhibit the analgesic effect of nudicauline while L-NAME can increase the analgesic effect of nudicauline,suggesting that the analgesic effect of nudicauline may be partially associated with the production and release of nitrogen monoxide.