Objective:To explore the types and characteristics of the grief reactions of adolescents to friends'death repeatedly,so as to provide reference for effective psychological intervention. Methods:Three college students aged nineteen and twenty years who experienced the death of friends at least twice in adolescence participa-ted in the study by means of an open recruitment in a college. They had friends died at the age of 9 and 12. And then it happened again when they were 15 and 17. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews with the three selected,and analyzed by thematic analysis to classify the grief reactions after the loss of their friends. Results:The common grief reactions of a friend's death in the interview are:shocked,regret and angry,denying,disbelieving, fear of the death,feeling the cruelty of death,crying,searching for support,shirking and recognizing the cruelty of death. The special grief reactions in the interview,especially when they experienced the second death of a friend are:caring for the dead loved ones,having a mental shadow over friend's role,reducing social activities,seeking stimulating and venting,revolting against the school,violence,and working harder. Conclusion:The grief reactions of adolescents to friends'death repeatedly are diversity. It presents the characteristics of the psychological develop-ment of adolescence. And the adolescents need to be given special attention and appropriate psychological interven-tion.

Objective To investigate the methods of diagnosis and treatment of acute lower gastrointestinal massive bleeding. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on diagnozing and treating of 21 patients with acute lower gastrointestinal massive bleeding Results Within a total of 21 cases,bleeding was controlled by conservative treatment in 6 cases(28.6%),supermesenteric angiography showe positive findings in 92.8% and the interventional therapy was applied successfully in 84.6%. no recurrence was observed after Ⅰ month to 4 year follow up. Conclusions Patients with acute lower gastrointestinal massive bleeding should be treated firstly by conservatie method,uncontrollable bleeding should be evaluated by selective supermesenteric angiography;after the bleeding artery was recongnized by angiography,the intervention embolotherapy should be taken;the patients whose angiography are negative and bleeding cannot be controlled should be operatded

0.05). EUS was only applied in 4 patients who had obstructions of the distal bile duct, the correct diagnostic rates of localization and difinitive diagnosis were both 100%. Conclusions Each imaging modality has its advantages and disadvantages, and no one can instead of the others. Proper imaging modalities should be chosen depending on patient′s conditions.

During L-lactic acid fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae,there existed a branch pathway by which pyruvate was transformed to eth- anol catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase(PDC)and alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH),thus decreasing the flux of pyruvate to lactic acid.In this study,the spores of Rhizopus oryzae AS3.3462 mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine(NTG),the appropriate dosage was 0.15 mg/mL and the lethal rate was 70%～80%.Two mutants,named mut-1 and mut-2,with decreased ADH activity were screened out by yeast peptone dextrose(YPD)agar medium containing allyl alcohol.These two mutants had decreased ADH activities of 41.63% and 50.29% compared with the parent strain.The fermentation behavior after 72h showed that the yields of ethanol produced by mut-1 and mut-2 were 4.87g/L and 6.56g/L respectively,while the wild type strain was 28.9g/L,and the lactate concentrations of mut-1 and mut-2 also increased from 40.31g/L to 54.45g/L and 44.07 g/L,respectively.It is also found that mut-1 and mut-2 had a high reducing sugar consumption rate and biomass accumulation than its present strain

Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy is a special disease during pregnancy,and it is the key reason for rising death rate of maternal and perinatal infants.Its etiology and pathogenesis are not yet fully elucidated.It is generally accepted that placenta damage plays a central role in hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.In recent years,studies have shown that hypoxia inducing factor-1 (HIF-1),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and its receptor family are important regulatory factors associated with hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.In this article,we discussed the relationship between the two factors and hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are related to the progression,recurrence and drug-resistance of tumor.MicroRNAs have been reported to correlate to the self-renewal of cancer cells.They can regulate cell cycle and thus interfere with the cell fate.Recent publications have clafified that microRNA can effect on cancer stem cells' self-renewal either by regulate targeted genes directly,or through wnt,notch and Hedgehog pathways.

Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura(HSP)is an IgA-associated leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis, commonly occurred in children.Recent studies have shown that its pathogenesis is closely related to the disturbance of humoral immune response mediated by B cells.CD4 + T cells have the function of help B cells.Each subgroup of CD4 + T cells has unique functions of promoting or regulating immune inflammatory response.There are abnormal changes in the proportion of CD4 + T cells subsets in HSP patients, including the imbalance of Th1/Th2, increasing numbers of Th17 and Tfh cells, together with decreasing Treg cell numbers.The changes are closely related to the occurrence, development and the clinical phenotype of HSP.It is suggested that the detection of CD4 + T cells plays critical roles in guiding the evaluation of HSP, and is expected to provide a new idea for the clinical diagnosis and individualized treatment of HSP.

Objective　To study the relationship between the stress-related psychosocial factors and the psychosomatic symptoms of sterilized women. Methods　120 sterilized women were assessed with Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90),Social Supports Questionnaire(SSQ),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),Psychosocial Stress Scale for Group(PSSG)and a self-developed preoperative cognition scale.Data were analysed with SPSS. Results　There was a significant correlation between scores of psychosomatic symptoms and stress-related psychosocial factors such as EPQ-N,subjective social support(SSS),negative emotion(NE),positive emotion(PE),negative coping style(NC) and some negative characteristics of pre-operative cognition.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that EPQ-N,PE and religion belief were in the equation. Conclusion　The results indicated that neurotic syndrome of sterilized women may be mediated or influenced by negative characteristics of cognition,emotion,coping style and personality.

To investigate the effect of push pull maneuver on nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)of brain tissue and plasma endothelin (ET), and to explore the mechanism of G induced loss of consciousness. Rats were given +Gz and push pull maneuver, and contents of NO and NOS of the brain tissue and plasma ET were assayed 30 minutes, 3 hours,12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after the maneuver. The results showed that the contents of NO, NOS and ET of +Gz group and push pull group were increased significantly at the time points of 30 minute, 3 hour and 12 hour as compared with those of the content group ( P 0 05). The contents of NO,NOS and plasma ET of push pull group showed statistically significant difference versus +Gz group at 30 minutes, 3 hours and 12 hours ( P