PURPOSE: To determine the long-term follow-up CT findings of paraquat-induced lung injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients who ingested paraquat underwent sequential follow-up CT scanning during a period of at least six months, and the results were analysed. Scans were obtained 1-6 (mean, 3.3) time during a 7-84 (mean, 25.7) months period, and the findings at 1-2 months, 3-12 months, 1-2 years, 2-3 years, and more than above 7 years after poisoning were analyzed. RESULTS: We observed irregular-shaped areas of consolidation with traction bronchiectasis at 1-2 months (5/5), irregular-shaped consolidation and ground-glass opacity (5/5) at 3-12 months, and irregular-shaped consolidations/ ground-glass opacity (4/5) and focal honeycombing (1/5) one year later. In the same patients, follow-up CT scans showed that some areas of focal consolidation could not be visualized and the radio-opacity of the lesions had decreased. CONCLUSION: The HRCT findings of paraquat-induced lung injury were irregular shaped areas of consolidation 1-2 months after ingestion, and irregular-shaped consolidation and ground-glass opacity or focal honeycombing 3-12 months later. At this thim slight improvement was observed.
Bronchiectasis ; Eating ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Lung Injury* ; Lung* ; Paraquat* ; Poisoning ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Traction

We report thin-section CT findings of pulmonary fat embolism which was confirmed by clinical features and microscopic examination of cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Initial thin-section CT showed extensive air space consolidation and multiple ill-defined nodular densities in both lungs. Follow-up CT revealed ground-glass appearance and faint nodules in both lungs. Perfusion scan showed multiple small perfusion defects in the peripheral portion of both lungs.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Embolism, Fat* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Lung ; Perfusion

We report a case of ectopic thymus in the left submandibular area of a two-month-old boy. On US and CT scans, a well-marginated, 3 x 2cm-sized solid mass along the left carotid sheath, anteromedial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and posterior to the submandibular gland, was seen. CT attenuation of the mass showed that it was similar to that of normal thymus in the anterior mediastinum. Although a rare disease, ectopic thymus should be included in the differential diagnosis of cervical masses along the carotid sheath in infants.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Rare Diseases ; Submandibular Gland ; Thymus Gland* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Trauma is the third leading cause of death, irrespective of age, and the leading cause of death in personsunder 40 years of age. Most pleural, pulmonary, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic injuries are not seen onconventional chest radiographs, or are underestimated. In patients with chest trauma, CT scanning is an effectiveand sensitive method of detecting thoracic injuries and provides accurate information regarding their pattern andextent.
Cause of Death ; Humans ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thoracic Injuries ; Thorax* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We illustrate serial HRCT findings over a 16-month period in a 35-year-old woman who had ingested paraquat. Initial areas of ground-glass opacity changed into areas of multiple air cysts on follow up scan obtained five months after ingestion. A further follow-up scan obtained 16 months after ingestion showed improvement, with increased lung volume and normalized lung architecture.
Adult ; Eating ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Lung ; Paraquat

We illustrate serial HRCT findings over a 16-month period in a 35-year-old woman who had ingested paraquat. Initial areas of ground-glass opacity changed into areas of multiple air cysts on follow up scan obtained five months after ingestion. A further follow-up scan obtained 16 months after ingestion showed improvement, with increased lung volume and normalized lung architecture.
Adult ; Eating ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Lung ; Paraquat

We report two cases of parenchymal air-fluid level in emphysematous lungs. Plain chest radiograph showedpneumonic consolidation with an air-fluid level. HRCT in the supine position showed intrapulmonary fluidcollection with an air-fluid level, which moved to the dependent portion when the patient was in the proneposition. When pneumonia developed in severe emphysematous lungs, a movable parenchymal air-fluid level can bevisualized, though the presence of this on plain chest radiographs cannot be interpretated as hydropneumothorax.
Humans ; Hydropneumothorax ; Lung* ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Supine Position

PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of a paratracheal cyst on CT in an adult, and to compare the degree of loculation and the patient's age with the longest diameter of the air cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 1520 patients, who underwent a CT scan, 41 patients with paratracheal cysts were enrolled in this study. There were 26-males and 15 females, whose ranged from 24 to 82 years (mean, 59.8). The CT findings were evaluated to determine the relationship between the degree of loculation and the longest diameter of the air cysts. Another tracheal diverticula or an air cyst, as well as the tracheal communication were also evaluated. RESULTS: The longest diameter of the paratracheal air cysts was < 1 cm (n=20), 1-2 cm (n=15), 2-3 cm (n=4), 3-4 cm (n=1) and 4-5 cm (n=1). Most of the patients under 60 years of age had air cysts < 1 cm, and most patients over 60 had air cyst > 1 cm (p=0.043). The paratracheal air cysts < 1 cm were unilocular or bilocular in shape, the 1-2 cm sized air cysts were bilocular or multilocular, and the air cysts > 2 cm were multilocular. Four patients had another small tracheal diverticula, and one patient had another small paratracheal air cyst. Tracheal communication was observed in 7 patients (17%). CONCLUSION: The frequency of paratracheal air cysts in adults undergoing a CT scan was 2.7%. The longest diameter of the paratracheal air cysts was associated with the patient's age. The shape of air cysts became more multilocular as the longest diameter of the paratracheal air cysts increased. Another small tracheal diverticula or air cysts were observed in 12% of patients.
Adult* ; Bays* ; Diverticulum ; Female ; Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: A number of recent reports have described the usefullness of the epidural injection of narcotics for the relief of postoperative pain. Morphine, an micro-receptor agonist, produces strong analgesic effects with side effects. Nalbupine, a micro-antagonist and kappa-agonis, has an analgesic effect comparable to morphine with little side effects. The comparison of side effects and analgesic effects of epidural morphine alone and a combination of nalbuphine and droperidol respectively to morphine were sutudied in cesarean section patients. METHODS: We divided 45 patients into 3 groups utilizing a two-day Boxter infusor in normal saline 100 ml at 2.0 ml/hr: Group M (n = 15) initially a 1 mg bolus 2 mg/day of maintenance morphine. Group M D (n = 15): initially received a 1 mg bolus 2 mg/day of maintenance morphine 1.25 mg/day of maintenance droperidol. Group M N (n = 15): initially received a 1 mg morphine bolus 2 mg/day of maintenance morphine 5 mg/day of maintenance nalbupine. The Analgesic effect was evaluated by a visual analogue scale (0 10) at 30 min, 4 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr postoperatively and the incidence of side effects was observed too. RESULTS: The average VAS scores are below 3 in all groups. In addition, there are no significant changes between groups. There are no significant differences in side effects between groups except sedation of patients is significantly (P< 0.05) high in group M D. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the analgesic effect of epidural morphine, morphine with nalbuphine and morphine with droperidol are good in all patients and there is no significant difference even though there is a belief that a combination of nalbuphine or droperidol increases analgesic effects of morphine. Comparing the incidence of side effects in the three groups, the sedative effect of morphine with droperidol is increased significantly over the other two groups.intubation.
Cesarean Section* ; Droperidol* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Injections, Epidural ; Morphine* ; Nalbuphine* ; Narcotics ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pregnancy ; Pruritus ; Vomiting

Pectus excavatum in which the sternum is depressed and the anterior chest wall is concave in shape, is the most common congenital deformity to affect this region of the body. Various deformities involving depression or protrusion are caused by the degree and location of the sternal depression, and associated deformities such as a tilted sternum and anterior convexity of costal cartilages may occur. The most common associated disorders are Poland syndrome, Marfan syndrome and scoliosis.
Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Depression ; Funnel Chest* ; Marfan Syndrome ; Poland Syndrome ; Scoliosis ; Sternum ; Thoracic Wall