Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a disease with high disability and mortality rate.It is still lack of effective treatment means in clinical practice.Studies in recent years have found that early brain injury may be the primary causes that result in higher mortality and poor prognosis in patients with SAH.This article mainly reviews the animal models and pathogenesis of early brain injury after SAH.

Alterations in the balance between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix( ECM) and its remodeling may result in an accumulation of ECM molecules and lead to tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis and end-stage renal failure. The major physiologic regulators of ECM degradation in the glomerulus are matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP). Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 and-1 (TIMP-2 and TIMP-1)are endogenous inhibitors of MMP-2 and MMP-9 respectively. The expression or activity of MMP and TIMP is different in all kinds of kidney diseases or pathophysiological processes. This article reviews the interrelationship of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and kidney diseases.

Computed tomography colonography (CTC) is a well-established technique for evaluation of colorectal cancer (CRC). Signiifcant advances have been made in the technique of CTC since its inception. Besides being an excellent tool for detection of CRC, it is minimally invasive, less time-consuming and well tolerated by patients. Furthermore, it has fewer complications than conventional colonoscopy (CC) or barium enema (BE). The application of new technologies, such as electronic cleansing (EC) and dual-energy CT (DECT), enriches the examination of CTC. In 2005, a standardized reporting scheme, CT colonography reporting and data system (C-RADS), was put forward by the working group on virtual colonoscopy. They proposed that the report should include lesion size, number, morphology, location, attenuation and recommendations for lesion surveillance. New research progress and clinical applications of CTC in CRC are reviewed in this article. In addition, the paper also brielfy touches upon technique, indications, contraindications, safety and risk of CTC.

Objective To explore the effects of isoflurane on blood plasma metabolites (BPM) and its correlation with cognitive dysfunction.Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups:rats in the control group (n =10) received 80％ oxygen for 2 hours (h);and rats in the isoflurane-treated group (n =20) were anesthetized with isoflurane and 80％ oxygen for 2 h.Cognitive functions were examined using a Y-maze test to explore the learning times of rats.The level of blood plasma metabolites was detected through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS).Results The learning times of rats in the isoflurane-treated group was more than the learning times of rats in the control group [(70.75 ± 15.30) vs (45.40 ± 11.21),P ＜ 0.05].D-fructose,arabinofuranose,n-butylamine,and inositol significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.Whereas,L-analine and L-proline significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05) in isoflurane-treated rats when compared to those in the control rats (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,plasma concentrations of d-fructose,arabinofuranose,n-butylamine,inositol,and L-proline were positively correlated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction in the isoflurane-treated rats.Conclusions Changes of plasma concentrations of inositol,and d-fructose in aged rats are useful in predicting the occurrence and progression of post-anesthesia cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To study the effect of Chinese herb medicine compound on general state and bone-muscle system in simulated weightlessness rats, and to observe the synergistic action of other ingredients in the compound on calcium. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups:control group, tail suspend group, tail suspend and medicine group which were given Chinese herb medicine compound by intragastric administration. After 3 weeks simulated weightlessness, body weight (BW), muscle weight (MW) and index (MI) of posterior limb, bone length (BL), wet weight (BWW), index (BI), dry weight (BDW), content of organic (ORG) and inorganic (INO) substance, bone mineral density (BMD), and mechanical properties (MEC) of femur were observed. Results At the middle-later stage of the experiment, BW of tail suspend group decreased significantly (P

Objective To study the effects of Chinese medicine compound on bone density, biomechanics, histomorphometry of weightlessness rats simulated by tail suspension. Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 rats each group:control group, model group, and low dose, medium dose and high dose Chinese medicine compound treated suspension group, the experiment period was 21 days. BMD of femur and lumbar vertebrae were detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The femoral biomechanics parameters and anti-compress ability of lumbar vertebrae were measured by three-point assay and compress test respectively. The quantitative structures of non- decalcified bone tissue sections were analyzed by histomorphometry. Result Compared with control group, BMD of femur and lumbar of model group decreased remarkably (P

Objective To understand the relationship between Demodex and bacteria infection in rosacea (brandy nose), and to find effective means for the treatment. MethodsCellophane tape was used to detect Demodex on the nasolabial grooves and the face; sebum and tissue on face was scraped and cultured to examine bacteria under microscope. The hospital_made anti_rosacea lotion was used on the affected part two times a day for 7 days. Results It was found that 193 (74^2%) of 260 cases with rosacea were infected by Demodex and 209 (80^4%) of the patients were infected by bacteria. The overall effective rate of the treatment for rosacea was 73^5%. Conclusion Bacteria infection in rosacea is an important factor inducing rosacea. The curative effect of the anti_rosacea lotion is good.

Objective: To investigate personality disorders of recidivists. Method: PDQ (Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire) was administered to 122 recidivist and 932 first offenders. Result: Compared with first offenders, the recidivists had higher possibility to be a drug abuser or to have traffic in narcotics, they had lower education level and got higher scores in total score, paranoid, antisocial, borderline subscales of PDQ. Conclusion: The recidivists have more personality defects.

Objective To explore the effects of fibroblast transdifferentiation for myofibroblast (MFB) in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to explore the antifibrotic mechanism of interferon γ (IFN-γ) in SSc.Methods The fibroblasts derived from the skin lesions of SSc patients and healthy adult controls were cultured in vitro and the MFB proportion in fibroblasts was examined by qualitative and quantitative α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) detection.By adding IFN-γ to the culture system with several doses,the influence on fibroblast proliferation and transdifferentiation for MFB in SSc was observed with MTT and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively.Differences in the means of two independent samples were tested by Student' t-test.The means among multiple independent samples were com-pared by ANOVA.Results The means of positive α-SMA in SSc fibroblasts were higher than those in the controls (P＜0.01).With extended culture time,α-SMA levels of the two groups all increased gradually (P＜ 0.01 all),but there were higher α-SMA levels in SSc fibroblasts (24 h:130±19,48 h:183±21,72 h:249± 22) than those in controls (24 h:98±21,48 h:143±16,72 h:174±19) (P＜0.05 all).Although fibroblast proliferation and α-SMA levels were not influenced after adding of IFN-γ 10 U/ml (P＞0.05 all),but IFN-γ at concentration of 100 U/ml and 1000 U/ml could obviously repress fibroblast proliferation and α-SMA levels (P＜0.05 all),and 1000 U/ml had the strongest inhibiting effect at 24,48,72 h.Conclusion The fibroblasts in the skin of SSc patients have a strong potency to transdifferentiate to MFB.Early appropviate dose of IFN-γ could repress fibroblast proliferation and transdifferentiation in SSc.

Objective To determine the relationship between plasma cytokeratin polypeptide 19 (CK 19) level and prognosis of patients with first occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods This prospective trial enrolled 60 patients with PTC.The plasma CK19 level was determined by ELISA and the other clinical data were collected on admission.All patients were followed up for 12 months.The patients were divided into recurrence group (27 patients) and non-recurrence group (33 patients) according to the results of follow-up.Results Single factor analysis showed that age,female,history of smoking,Graves disease,occupational exposure,the level of thyroid peroxidase antibody,thyroglobulin antibody,triglyceride and CK19 between two groups had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Multiple factors analysis showed that female,history of smoking,occupational exposure,the level of thyroid peroxidase antibody,thyroglobulin antibody and CK19 were independent risk factors for recurrence (P =0.01).The recurrence rate of CK19 ≥4.12 μg/L patients was 79.31％ (23/29),significantly higher than that in CK19 ＜4.12 μg/L patients [12.90％ (4/31)] (x2 =5.17,P ＜ 0.05).The recurrence rate of CK19 ≥ 4.12 μ g/L was significantly higher than that in CK19 ＜4.12 μ g/L (x2 =4.11,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The plasma CK19 level is an independent risk factor for recurrence of PTC patients.It can be used as a significant independent predictor for recurrence of PTC patients.