Objective To determine the value of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE?MRI) in predicting treatment response before preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods A cohort of consecutive patients with histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery was enrolled in a prospective, pilot trial. All enrolled patients were examined using DCE?MRI at two time points: 2 to 5 days before neoadjuvant chemoradiation, 1 to 4 days before surgery. The following perfusion parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve) were measured for tumor. The patients were classified into pathological complete response (pCR) and non?pCR group according to the pathological results after operation. Those perfusion parameters were compared between the pCR and the non?pCR group and between before and after CRT in pCR and the non?pCR group with the t test. Receiver?operating curves (ROC) were constructed to further investigate the predictive value of Ktrans, Kep, Ve before neoadjuvant chemoradiation and were used to determine a threshold value at which patents with pCR could be distinguished from patients without complete response. Results The final study population consisted of 38 patients. There were 12 patients with a pCR and 26 patients with non?pCR. Before neoadjuvant chemoradiation, the mean tumor Ktrans, Kep and Ve for pCR group were (1.25 ± 0.56)/min, (2.10 ± 1.61)/min and 0.73 ± 0.34, respectively, for non?pCR group they were (0.46 ± 0.39)/min, (1.15 ± 0.77)/min and 0.32±0.12, respectively. All perfusion parameters showed significant difference between those two groups(t values were 3.45,5.67 and 6.23 respectively, all P<0.05). After neoadjuvant chemoradiation, the mean tumor Ktrans, Kep and Ve for pCR group were (0.28 ± 0.13)/min, (0.62 ± 0.27)/min and 0.21 ± 0.13 respectively, for non?pCR group, they were (0.32±0.12)/min, (0.83±0.42)/min and 0.17±0.10, respectively. All perfusion parameters showed no difference between those two groups(P>0.05), as well as the changes before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in those groups(P>0.05). ROC analysis for Ktrans pre?treatment revealed that Ktrans had an AUC of 0.837 in predicting pCR. A Ktrans of 0.66/min was emerged as the optimal cut?off for distinguishing pCR from non?pCR and for Ktrans>0.66/min, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting pCR were 75.0% (9/12) and 96.2% (25/26). Kep and Ve showed an AUC of 0.655 and 0.654 in predicting pCR. Conclusions In locally advanced rectal cancer, DCE?MRI can aid in predicting treatment response before preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Ktrans may become a better predictor to classify which patients will benefit from neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

Objective To explore the efficacy of high-resolution MRI in the prediction of tumor complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for T3 rectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 108 patients with T3 rectal cancer who were admitted to Shanghai Cancer Center of Fudan University from 2010 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The TNM stage of tumor,extramural depth of tumor invasion (mrT3 stage),involvement of mesorectum and rectal fascia,tumor diameter and distance from anal edge to lower edge of tumor were the main items of evaluation using the high-resolution MRI.A total of 108 patients underwent surgical resection of tumor after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.The tumor complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy was evaluated by tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and tumor regression grade (TRG).The categorical data and multivariate analysis were done by the single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Logistic regression analysis.Results The positive response rate of the T3a,T3b and T3c in the patients were 61.5％ (16/26),36.9％ (24/65) and 11.8％ (2/17) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy,respectively.The mrT3,mrN and tumor diameter were the potential factors affecting response of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy by the univariate analysis of pathological restaging (x2 =50.474,30.985,8.318,P ＜ 0.05).The mrT3 was an independent risk factor affecting response of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy by the multivariate analysis of pathological restaging (OR =4.473,95 ％ confidence interval:2.003-9.991,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the mrT3 stage,N stage,involvement of mesorectum and rectal fascia,tumor diameter and distance from anal edge to lower edge of tumor before therapy and the response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy based on the tumor regression grade(TRG) (x2 =6.264,6.159,2.949,2.189,6.335,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The mrT3 in patients undergoing high-resolution MRI before neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy could predict the tumor complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for T3 rectal cancer.

Background and purpose:The lymph node metastatic model of rectal tumor is a useful tool for the research on tumor occurrence, development, metastasis and antineoplastic therapy. There are few reports about establishment of larger animal model. This study aimed to establish feasible and reproducible lymph node metastatic models of VX2 tumor in rabbits.Methods:The VX2 tumor tissue was put into the puncture needle. The VX2 tumor tissue in the needle was orthotopically transplanted into the rectal wall of the New Zealand white rabbits successfully. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were transplanted. Two experimental rabbits were scanned by MR weekly. Tumor growth curve and lymph node numbers were observed on MR. Experimental rabbit tumor volumes were measured by MR post-processing software. The rectal tumor and surrounding lymph nodes were resected, and the specimens were ifxed. The sections were stained with HE. We explored the relationship between tumor volume and growth time, the number of metastatic lymph nodes and tumor volume, respectively.Results:Thirteen models were successfully established with a rate of 65%. Tumors limited in the rectal wall were observed on the fourth week. Tumor size increased over time. There was significant difference in the tumor volume between different periods (growth cycle number) (F=52.865,P<0.05). There was a signiifcantly positive correlation between tumor volume and the growth cycle number (r=0.910,P<0.05). The metastatic lymph nodes could be observed when VT>9 cm3. The number of metastatic lymph node increased obviously from the ninth week. The more tumor volume, the greater the number of metastatic lymph nodes was observed (F=92.531,P<0.05). There was a signiifcantly positive correlation between the number of metastatic lymph nodes and the tumor volume (r=0.945,P<0.05).Conclusion:Metastatic lymph node models of VX2 tumor in New Zealand white rabbits were established successfully. This model has some value in the research on local growth, invasion mechanism, lymph node metastasis and biological characteristics of rectal cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gold ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Silicosis ; mortality ; Young Adult

0.05). Conclusions Low dose continuous infusion of CAZ to treat low respiratory infections is efficacious ,safe and economical.

Bacillus licheniformis TS 01 was separated The SSF medium for TS 01 strain was investigated The result showed that the optimal fermentation medium contained (g/kg dry solid materials): water 600, brown sugar 7, rice bran 420, wheat bran 580 when the medium and inoculum size 10% (v/w) were adopted, aspore concentration of 7 50?10 9 CFU/g (wet qu) was obtained after two days' fermentation with a spore percentage of greater than 80% and a maximum live cell concentration of 9 15?10 9 CFU/g (wet qu)

Objectives To investigate the mechanism of integron mediated resistance and multidrug-resistance in P.aeruginosa.Methods The variable region of integron was amplified by integron PCR.Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)and DNA sequencing were used to investigate the resistance genes in the variable region of integron.Results Of the 98 strains 35(35.7%)were the variable region positive,and size of the amplicons ranged from 1.0 kb to 4.0 kb.A total of 6 different cassette arrays were detected,including genes coding resistance to aminoglycosides,?-lactam compounds and sulfanilamides.Of the 5 cassette arrays 3 were novel,including aadA6-orfD,aadB-blaP1 and aadB-aac6-Ⅱ-blaCARB-8,and the Genbank numbers were DQ 091179,DQ 141316 and DQ 288251 respectively.Conclusions Integron mediates the resistance and multidrug resistance in P.aeruginosa.The majority of the genes located in integrons are those coding resistance to aminoglycosides.Three strains of class I integron with novel cassette arrays are reported.

Objective To observe the effect of different temperatures on endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium overload, mitochondria and cell damage in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) induced by heat stress, and clarify the mechanism of endothelial cell injury in the process of heat stress to provide experimental basis for clinical prevention and treatment of heat stree. Methods Heat stress model of PMVEC cell was set up. Control group cells were incubated at 37℃, 5%CO2, while heat stress group cells were incubated at 39℃, 41℃, 43℃ for 2h, respectively, then further incubated at 37℃, 5%CO2 for 6h. Pretreatment of cells with 20μmol/L BAPTA-AM or 50μmol/L CsA before heat stress at 43℃. The protein levels of p-PERK, PERK p-eIF2a, eIF2a, ATF4 and GRP78 were analyzed by Western blotting. Intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential and the changes in mitochondrial permeability transition pore were investigated by flow cytometry. The change of caspase-3 was detected by Caspase Assay Kit. Millicell-ERS Volt-Ohm Meter and Accessories was used for determining the changes of transepithelium electrical resistance (TER). Results Compared with the control group, with the increase of heat stress temperature (41-43℃), the phosphorylation of p-PERK and p-eIF2a protein and the expressions of ATF4 and GRP78 proteins were gradually activated, intracellular Ca2+ increased, MPTP pore was opened, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, cell permeability increased and apoptosis occurred, and it was the most obvious in the 43℃ heat stress group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pretreatment with Ca2+ inhibitors promoted the recovery of the MPTP hole, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell permeability, and reduced the occurrence of apoptosis. While pretreatment with the mitochondrial protective agent did not reduce the release of Ca2+, but it could promote the recovery of cell permeability and reduce the occurrence of apoptosis. Conclusion Heat stress activates endoplasmic reticulum stress response, induces intracellular Ca2+ overload mediated cell and mitochondrial damages in PMVEC cells, which may be one of the important mechanisms of endothelial cell injury induced by heat stress.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound in diagnosis of fetal simple unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) disease.Methods Pregnant women who underwent prenatal ultrasound screening and follow-up were analyzed retrospectively,and 29 fetues with MCDK were found.After exclusion of pregnancy syndrome,other structural abnormalities and chromosomal abnormalities,15 fetues willing to continue pregnancy and accepting the follow-up tracking observation were observed to postpartum.Ipsilateral renal ultrasonographic characteristics,contralateral renal morphology and size,growth and development of children and the renal function were analyzed.Results The minimum follow-up time of the 15 fetus was pregnancy to 7 months after birth,the maximum follow-up time was pregnancy to 5 years of age in children.Ultrasound showed that ipsilateral kidney volume became large in fetal period,reduced gradually in late pregnancy,and atrophy in 5 6 months after birth,even could not displayed with untrasound.The shape,size,and sonographic characteristics of the healthy kidney were similar to the normal gestational age kidney.Prenatal fetal growth indicators and amniotic fluid volume were normal.After birth,except for 1 child with overweight,other children's growth and development indicators were almost normal.Conclusion Fetus with simple unilateral MCDK has a good prognosis.Ultrasound has important value in the examination and follow-up.It can provide reliable basis for prenatal diagnosis and consultation.