Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a commonly seen functional gastrointestinal disorder. Its main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain,abdominal distention and altered bowel habits. Currently,the pathogenesis of IBS has not been clarified. Studies showed that IBS was caused by many factors,including life style,gene polymorphism,food hypersensitivity,psychological factors,brain-gut axis abnormality and intestinal flora disorder. This article reviewed the advances in study on pathogenesis of IBS.

Background:Colorectal polyp,especially adenomatous polyp is considered to be a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer;its occurrence is associated with lifestyle,food habits and genetic factors. Aims:To explore the impact of lifestyle and dietary factors on occurrence of colorectal polyps in Inner Mongolia area. Methods:A colonoscopy-based case-control study was performed. In 2012-2013,100 cases of colorectal polyps and 200 sex-,age-and nationality-matched polyp-free cases were recruited at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College and were asked to complete a questionnaire including information on demography,lifestyle,and food habits,etc. Multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the possible colorectal polyp-related factors which were statistically significant in univariate analysis. Results:In lifestyle factors,after adjusted for age,sex,nationality,marital status and educational level,cigarette smoking (OR=1. 3,95% CI:1. 0-1. 8)and alcohol drinking(OR=1. 5,95% CI:1. 1-2. 0)were identified as the risk factors for colorectal polyps by Logistic regression analysis,while physical activity at least 4 times per week was a protective factor (OR=0. 6,95% CI:0. 4-0. 8). In dietary factors,wheat flour and rice(OR=1. 7,95% CI:1. 2-2. 8),fatty meat (OR=1. 4,95% CI:1. 2-1. 9),salt/pickled food(OR=1. 4,95% CI:1. 1-1. 8)and barbecue/fried food(OR=1. 6, 95% CI:1. 1-2. 3)were identified as the risk factors,while vegetables(OR=0. 6,95% CI:0. 4-0. 9)and fruits(OR=0. 5,95% CI:0. 4-0. 7)were protective factors after adjustment. Conclusions:Occurrence of colorectal polyps in Inner Mongolia area is associated with unhealthy lifestyle and food habits. Cessation of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, more physical activity,frequent consumption of vegetables and fruits,and less animal fat and processed food might decrease the risk of colorectal polyps.

Objective To investigate the action of immune factors(IgG and IgM)and cytokine(IL-8)in the pathogenesis of microscopic colitis.Methods Immunohistochemical methods and radioimmune methods were used to detect IgG and IgM in intestinal mucosa and IL-8 in serum respectively.The data of 32 cases who were diagnosed as microscopic colitis were compared with that of 71 irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and 38 active ulcerative colitis(UC)patients who were assigned as the control group.Results The expression of IgG and IgM increased in MC group;there were significant differences compared with IBS group,but no significant differences compared with UC group;the level of IL-8 in MC group showed significant difference compared with UC group but had no significant difference compared with IBS group;the level of IL-8 in UC group increased obviously.Conclusion It is the disordered function of immune system that plays a main roles in the pathogenesis of MC,not inflammation.

Post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP) is the most common and serious complications about endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).A number of studies have been confirmed that PEP can be prevented by pancreatic stents.We summarized earlier results in this field to expand the clinical use for this high-tech.

Objective To investigate the value of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary obstructions on different sites with variable causes. Methods The clinical records of biliary drainages under duodenoscope in 104 patients with biliary obstruction from October 1998 to November 2002 was reviewed retrospectively. Results Drainage was successfully completed in 97 patients, with a success rate of 93.3%(97/104). The patients were relieved of their symptoms of biliary obstruction (abdominal pain, jaundice and fever), and the effective rates of ENBD and ERBD were 93.0% (66/71) and 93.3% (28/30), respectively. Conclusions Endoscopic drainage for biliary obstruction has advantages of minimal invasion, rapid recovery, short hospital stay and apparent efficacy. Emphasis should be placed on the site of drainage and proper selection of operative method to further elevate its success rate.

Objective To investigate the differential expression profile in the progeny of human liver cells surviving from ionizing radiation.Methods Complemental DNA gene chip was used to measure the transcriptional profile in progeny of HL-7702 cells exposed to 0, 2, 4, and 6 Gy of 60Co γ-rays, and the differentially expressed genes HAVCR2 and RAN were further identified by real-time PCR.Results The transcription level of 262 genes, 2746 genes and 3406 genes changed in the progeny of survival cells at 2, 4 and 6 Gy, respectively.A total of 71 common differentially expressed genes were screened, most of which were associated with transduction, cell cycle regulation, cellular immunity, cytoskeleton and movement, cell replication and repair mechanism.Conclusions Ionizing radiation could induce the expression changes of many genes, which might reveal the molecular mechanisms of gene expression in radiation induced genomic instability.

Recently, herbal medicine including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained huge attention in the world. In 2015, the global trades of herbal medicine reached 93.15 billion US dollars. And, the latest statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of People's Republic of China showed that total sales of Chinese patent medicine and raw herbs reached 120 billion US dollars in 2014. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the situation of international marketing on herbal medicine and how much TCM shared in it. The PubMed database, search engines and government websites and research reports were searched for analyses. The results showed that total trades of TCM products in both domestic and foreign markets, were about 135 billion US dollars, including Chinese patent medicine, raw herbs, herbal extracts, herbal health care products, whose proportion of the global marketing was 80%.

Some patients with acute pancreatitis (AP)can relapse after initial cure. With the development and maturity of diagnosis and treatment technology,especially the rise of endoscopic technology,the detection rate of AP recurrence (such as bile duct stones,Oddi sphincter dysfunction,pancreas divisum,gene mutation,etc. )is increased. Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP)is characterized by various causes,and complex mechanisms. Understanding etiology and positive treatment play a pivotal role in reducing the incidence of RAP. This article reviewed the advances in study on etiology of RAP.

Altitude ; Exercise/physiology* ; Heart Rate/physiology* ; Humans ; Lung ; Respiration

Female ; Humans ; Liver Failure, Acute ; blood ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Thrombelastography ; Whole Blood Coagulation Time