Autophagy is a process for the degradation of long half-life proteins and organelles via the lysosome system. A large body of evidence indicates that the autophagic phenomena exist in the progressive atherosclerotic plaques. Vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells treated with some stimulants that result in atherosclerosis formation in in vitro experiments, these cells show certain autophagic features, such as myelin-like structures, accumulation of ubiquitinated inclusions in the cytoplasm, and extensive vacuolization. However, although the interests in research on autophagy are increasing, the exact role of autophagy in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Therefore, understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of autophagy will provide a new idea for studying the mechanisms and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.

OBJECTIVEThe changes of pain threshold and expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn of rats were observed after targetedly damaged the cerebraspinal fluid-contacting nucleus (CSF-contacting nucleus) to provide experimental evidence for the mechanism of regulating pain CSF-contacting nucleus involved in.

METHODSMale adult SD rats were divided into control, sham, choleratoxin subunit B conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase (CB-HRP)and damage groups randomly. The pain threshold using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were recorded and analyzed. Immunofluorescence method was used to observe the expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn.

RESULTSCompared with the control, sham and CB-HRP groups, the MWT and TWL of the damage group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence showed that 5-HT was detected in neurons of CSF-contacting nucleus. In the damage group, the number of neurons of CSF-contacting nucleus reduced gradually, and no survived neurons were observed at the 10th day. Meanwhile, both the expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn increased gradually, and negatively correlated with the change of pain threshold.

CONCLUSIONThe method of targeted damaging CSF-contacting nucleus by cholera toxin subnit B conjugated with saporin(CB-SAP) is scientific and reliable, and it results in the changes of pain threshold and expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn of rats. This study suggests that CSF-contacting nucleus participate in the regulation of pain, moreover, 5-HT and c-Fos play important roles in this regulation.

Animals ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Male ; Pain ; metabolism ; surgery ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ; metabolism

Background Based on prior research in the field, a preliminary questionnaire was created to compare the coping strategies of schizophrenic patients to those of non-ill community residents. Results of the comparison were subsequently used to develop a questionnaire suitable for use in schizophrenic patients.Methods Ninety-one of the 92 items in the preliminary questionnaire were identified from previous questionnaires, and one additional item was created based on information provided in individual interviews with schizophrenic patients. This questionnaire was administered to 315 community controls and 208 schizophrenic inpatients. Exploratory Factor Analyses to identify the factor structure of coping strategies were independently conducted for controls and patients. Based on these results, a revised 65-item instrument was developed and administered to a new group of 287 controls and 219 schizophrenic inpatients. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) using Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) were independently conducted for the two groups to confirm their respective factor structures.Results Six coping categories identified in normal controls were problem solving, avoidance, cognitive adjustment, emotional adjustment, seeking special support, and denial. Among schizophrenic patients, however,coping strategies of "seeking special support" and "denial" were not independent of the other four coping categories. Their items were distributed among the others. Results of CFA confirmed this four-category model of coping strategies for schizophrenic patients.Conclusions Coping categories employed by schizophrenic patients were different from those employed by normal community controls. Schizophrenic patients lacked the necessary flexibility of selecting appropriate coping strategies.

To observe the effects of heterograft of glomus cells of carotid body on hemiparkinsonian rat models, rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced lesions of the right dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra received intrastriatal glomus cells heterograft. Apomorphine-induced rotation was monitored for 30 min at various time points after grafting. The striata were cut and examined for dopamine content by HPLC and for immunohistochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons (TH+) at the end of the experiments. The results showed that apomorphine-induced rotational behavior was significantly reduced for 12 weeks and the dopamine contents were significantly elevated after grafting (P < 0.01), and TH+ cells survived better. The present study demonstrates that intrastriatal heterograft of glomus cells within carotid body in rats with 6-OHDA-elicited lesions could reduce apomorphine-induced rotational behavior and elevate the dopamine contents and numbers of TH+ cell surviving within striatum, and can serve as a new and effective alternative for Parkinson disease.
Carotid Body/*cytology ; Carotid Body/transplantation ; *Cell Transplantation ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/*surgery ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Objective: To deal with disaster relief, military exercises and sudden accident of scene forces medical rescue mission, aimed at laying cable network for each rescue mission deployment of manpower cost and the high cost of shortcomings, puts forward the use of wireless communication technology applications include construction of network system. Methods:Local wireless communication network is set up that around vehicular mobile medical information data center. Uses the eLTE broadband cluster technology as the local LAN carrying, through the deployment of LTE CPE device will be LTE signal into a wi-fi signal, for CPE surrounding wi-fi access equipment. Results:Single cluster station and don't need to cable connection between CPE, communicate through wireless LTE signal. IT equipment for medical use by wireless router or wireless module (department) wireless network access to the nearest tents, thus the whole battlefield rescue center by means of wireless local LAN connectivity was realized. Conclusion:the application of the wireless communication technology, the overall ascension of our medical and health unit in medical treatment activity ability, the cost of laying cable network was minimized.

Objective:In view of the current existing in the construction of hospital information system, poor compatibility between the software, data sharing difficult shortcomings, puts forward the solution based on Web service to realize the hospital information resources integration and sharing. Methods: Using medical digital image communication standard (DICOM), medical layer 7 (HL7) and Web service technology, through constructing a unified hospital information integration platform to integrate hospital information system (HIS), medical imaging system (PACS) and radiology information system (RIS). Results: Based on Web service integration platform can apply complex heterogeneous system, support custom adapter connection, reduce the coupling between modules, improve the commonality of data, system have strong extensibility. Conclusion:The application of integration technology will greatly improve the hospital the system stability, security, compatibility and efficiency, and the hospital running maintenance costs were reduced.

Objective:To realize the hospital charging interface integration and sharing by using Web Service based system integration technology for resolving the problems the length of the shortcomings of low efficiency of payment and settlement in hospital.Methods: Using a service-oriented (SOA) open and loose coupling architecture, all agreements provide application services for XML-based standards. It can realize the integration of charging and making price and payment accurately, conveniently and quickly.Results: The integration platform based on Web service can apply complex heterogeneous system, support custom adapter connection, reduce the coupling between the module and improve the versatility of system data.Conclusion: The system is safe and reliable, and has a good sharing compatibility features. It can be able to upgrade and functions expansion. The application of integration technology will greatly improve the medical staff's working efficiency, provide convenience of patients, and reduce the hospital operation maintenance cost.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)includes Crohn’s disease (CD)and ulcerative colitis (UC).The differential diagnosis between CD and UC mainly depends on clinical symptoms,endoscopy,pathological biopsy,laboratory and imaging examinations.In recent years,studies with a variety of IBD-related biomarkers develop rapidly because of its non-invasiveness,simple and easily acceptable.With the development of genome-wide association study (GWAS),great progress has been achieved in studies of gene mutations and susceptibility genes related with CD and UC,which provides new approach for diagnosis of the disease.This article reviewed the advances in studies on serum biomarkers and susceptibility genes in differential diagnosis of IBD.

Objective To monitor the activities of orbicularis oculi muscle by analyzing the electroneurogram (ENG) of its innervating nerve. Methods The ENG was recorded in vivo by a cuff electrode implanted around a dog’s zygomatic branch of facial nerve. The differences between the ENG during relaxing period of the orbicularis oculi muscle and during the constricting period were analyzed to explore a way to monitor the muscle activities. Results The ENG signals indicating occurrences of eye blinking events were extracted in the study. Time-frequency analysis showed that there was no ENG difference when the orbicularis oculi muscle was in relaxing periods no mater whether it was in the nature eye-opening period or in the interval of eye blinking. The ENG of orbicularis oculi muscle in constricting period was different from the ENG in relaxing period at amplitude and frequency. Conclusion It is feasible to monitor the orbicularis oculi muscle activities by ENG analysis.

The training experience on XML doctor work station Version 2.2.7 was introduced.The relationship and differences between 2.2.7 version and word version were analyzed.It is especially highlighted how each function is embodied in the training system.The importance of using 2.2.7 version doctor work station on ex-period training is elucidated.