Chronic osteomyelitis is one of the most common disorder in clinic. In recent years due to diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and trauma induced disease increased, the prevalence rate increased. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging and CT imaging technology, it greatly improved the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of chronic osteomyclitis and ability to describe the infection characteristics, and provide a reliable basis for clinical treatment. The current research on chronic osteomyelitis mainly concentrated on the aspects of imaging applications and ways of using antibiotic optimization control inflammation, defect restoration and reconstruction of blood supply and treatment. But the best time to the antibiotic therapy and the use of program is still uncertain, for after debridement, bone grafting time and defect repair function of fast recovery still need further research.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To explore the changes of interleukin-10(IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-?1)in 26 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP).Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of IL-10 and TGF-?1 in the serum of 12 healthy children as normal controls and 26 patients of acute stage as acute stage MPP group,9 of acute stage MPP group in recovery stage as recovery stage MPP group.The levels of IL-10 and TGF-?1 were compared between the three groups.Results IL-10 level in acute stage MPP group was significantly lower than that in normal controls(P

Thirteen patients with colorectal lesions underwent laparoscopic surgery from January to December 2019. Before surgery, 5.0 ml autogenous blood was injected under colonoscopy into the inferior margin and opposite sides of the lesion for localization. The operation time，success rate，complications，location efficiency and postoperative pathology were evaluated. The autologous blood tattooing was easily applied for all patients without complication. At laparoscopic surgery，the lesions of all patients were clearly visualized except one obese patients with rectal tumors, because the tumor was located below the retroperitoneal fold. No blood diffusion and leakage，and local inflammatory responses were observed. The surgical margins of all samples were tumor negative. Preoperative tattooing with autologous blood is recommended as an easy，safe and economical procedure for colonoscopic surgery in patients with colorectal lesions.

OBJECTIVETo explore the preventive effect of Yougui drink on femoral head necrosis in rats under micro CT.

METHODSTwenty-five SD rats were divided into steroid hormone group (group A, 10 rats ), Yougui drink group (group B,10 rats) and normal group (group C,5 rats)with random number table. Endotoxin were injected into abdominal cavity of rats in group A and B for 2 days, methylprednisolone sodium succinate were injected by gluteus for twice a week continued for 6 weeks; group B were gavaged by Yougui drink (veryday for 8 weeks; group C did not do any processing. All rats were killed on the 10th weeks,m icro CT were used to scan femoral head in vitro and preventive effect of Yougui drink (n femoral head necrosis in rats.

RESULTSThere was statistical significance in BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb, Th, Thb, Sp, BS/TV and DA but no significance in SMI between group A and B. Comparison between A and C, there was significant meaning in BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb, Th, Tb, Sp, BS/TV, DA and SMI.

CONCLUSIONYougui drink on femoral head necrosis in rats under micro CT has preventive effect from BMD BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb, Th, Tb, Sp, BS/TV and DA.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Density ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Femur Head Necrosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; X-Ray Microtomography ; methods

Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cell, which derived from mononuclear myeloid hematopoietic stem cells with the function of bone absorption. Osteoclasts plays a key role in bone metabolism, therefore the body is very strict to regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Mobilization and differentiation of osteoclast maturation is a complex and sophisticated multi-level regulatory processes. In the relevant regulatory mechanisms, OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays a pivotal role in the process of osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Recent studies revealed that immune cells and osteoclasts were closely connect with each other in the field of bone metabolism, also provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases. The apoptosis of osteoclasts in bone metabolism have been payed more attention,while its mechanism is still not clear, which need further research.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin ; genetics ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (tadalafil) on the testis following testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

METHODSEighty-four healthy adult male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into groups A (sham operation), B (testicular torsion + low-dose tadalafil), C (testicular torsion + high-dose tadalafil), and D (testicular torsion + placebo). Models were established in the latter three groups by 7200 torsion of the right testis for 2 hours. The animals in groups A and B were treated by gavage with tadalafil at the dose of 0. 5 mg per kg per day, those in group C at 2 mg per kg per day, and those in group D with saline at the same dose. After 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment, the torsioned testes were harvested for evaluation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the testis tissue. The pathological changes in the testis were observed under the light microscope.

RESULTSAt 3, 7, and 14 days, the SOD activity was (254.46 +/- 7.43), (278.49 +/- 8.33), and (317.99 +/- 3.31) nU/mg prot in group B, and (277.12 +/- 8.80), (309.40 +/- 2.14), and (320.39 +/- 4.72) nU/mg prot in group C, all obviously higher than in D ([223.21 +/- 4.65], [231.45 +/- 4.16] and [248.28 +/- 5.74] nU/mg prot), while the MDA content was lower in the former two groups than in the latter. At 3 and 7 days, the SOD activity was significantly higher and the MDA level significantly lower in group C than in B (both P < 0.01) , while at 14 days, neither showed any remarkable differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). No obvious histopathological change was observed in the testis tissue of group A. At 3 and 7 days, pathological examination of the testis tissue revealed significant differences in the number of seminiferous epithelial layers, testicular histological score, and seminiferous tubule diameter in group B (P < 0.01), but the three indexes at 14 days in group B and at 7 days in group C exhibited no remarkable differences from those at 14 days in group A.

CONCLUSIONTadalafil can alleviate testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury following testis torsion/detorsion in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Seminiferous Tubules ; pathology ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; complications ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tadalafil ; Testis ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors

Fluoroquinolones are frequently used for the treatment of a variety of infectious diseases, but some adverse effects appeared in the clinical application. By consulting internal and abroad literatures, this review summaried some familiar adverse effects and drug interaction of these drugs, so as to provide reference for rational use of drugs clinically.

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical effects of auricular acupoint (AA) in the treatment of analgesia during perioperative period in total hip arthroplasty.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to August 2010, 60 patients with late osteonecrosis of the femoral head were treated by total hip arthroplasty and randomly divided into auricular acupuncture (AA) group and control group, 30 patients in each group. There were 11 males and 19 females in the AA group,with an average age of (60.93 +/- 5.90) years; the patients were treated with auricular acupuncture on the point of Shenmen, Subcortex, Kidney and hip joint for four times a week. There were 12 males and 18 females in control group, with an average age of (59.87 +/- 6.21) years; while the patients without auricular acupuncture. VAS score was used to evaluat the degree of pain; Harris score was used to evaluat the function of hip joint. All patients received patient controlled analgesia pump (PCA) for 48 hours after surgery (400 ml liquids were in PCA pump, including 800 mg tramadol and 0.8 mg fentanyl). The dosage of liquids and adverse reaction of PCA pump in different time were recorded.

RESULTSThe VAS score on the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 7th day separately was (3.61 +/- 0.29), (3.59 +/- 0.30), (2.97 +/- 0.26), (2.29 +/- 0.45), and lower than control group, which separately was (4.19 +/- 0.28), (4.00 +/- 0.31), (3.15 +/- 0.29), (2.83 +/- 0.31). The dosage of PCA in AA group separately was (72.27 +/- 8.06), (60.40 +/- 8.16), (44.13 +/- 4.75), (40.40 +/- 3.69), and less than control group, which was (86.27 +/- 8.51), (73.87 +/- 8.32), (54.53 +/- 5.20), (44.67 +/- 6.31) on the time of 0-12, 12-24, 24-36 h and 36-48 h after surgery. During the using of PCA, nausea and vomiting occurred in 5 cases, less than control group (21 cases). Harris score in AA group (78.90 +/- 5.14) was higher than control group (73.37 +/- 5.99) 2 weeks after operation.

CONCLUSIONAuricular acupuncture can reduce postoperative pain, reduce the usage of analgesic and complications, such as nausea and vomiting, improve the function of hip joint after operation.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture, Ear ; Adult ; Aged ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Management ; Pain, Postoperative ; therapy ; Perioperative Period

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of amino acid substitution in conserved sequence of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1A, 2B, 2X on antimicrobial activity of beta-lactams against Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP).

METHODMinimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6 beta-lactams was determined by the E-test in 59 SP strains. The penicillin-binding protein genes pbp1a, 2b, 2x in every SP strain were amplified by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR), then the PCR products were sequenced using automatic genetic analyzer directly. To analyze the amino acid substitutions, the DNA sequences were converted to protein sequences and aligned by Clustalx software. According to amino acid substitution in conserved sequence of PBP2B, 3 phenotypes were observed, including: PBP2B phenotype I (no amino acid substitution); PBP2B phenotype II (Glutamine 432-->Leucine and/or Threonine 445/451-->Alanine/Serine, Glutamic 481-->Glycine, 1 strain had proline insertion between residues 431/432); PBP2B phenotype III (Alanine 624-->Glycine with the addition of phenotype II). According to amino acid substitution in conserved sequence of PBP1A, 3 phenotypes were observed, including: PBP1A phenotype I (no amino acid substitution); PBP1A phenotype II (Threonine 574-->Asparagine, Serine 575-->Threonine, Glutamine 576-->Glycine, Phenylalanine 577-->Tyrosine, 574TSQF-->NTGY); PBP1A III (Threonine 371-->Alanine/Serine, Proline 432-->Threonine with the addition of 574TSQF-->NTGY). According to amino acid substitution in conserved sequence of PBP2X, 4 phenotypes were observed, including: PBP2X phenotype I (no amino acid substitution); PBP2X phenotype II (Histidine 394-->Leucine or Threonine 338-->Alanine); PBP2X phenotype III (Threonine 338-->Alanine, Isoleucine 371-->Threonine, Arginine 384-->Glycine and Leucine 546-->Valine); PBP2X phenotype IV (Methionine 339-->Phenylalanine, Methionine 400-->Threonine with the addition of PBP2X phenotype III).

RESULTAmong 59 SP strains antibacterial activities distribution (sensitive strains, intermediate strains and resistant strains) of 6 beta-lactams were penicillin (12, 29, 18); amoxicillin(49, 9, 1); cefuroxime (16, 16, 27); ceftriaxone (47, 1, 11); cefotaxime (47, 3, 9); imipenem (49, 10, 0). beta-lactam antibiotics insensitive strains (intermediate + resistant strain) in PBP2B phenotype III, PBP1A phenotype III, PBP2X phenotype III and IV were significantly increased, the MIC(50) of these strains were significantly higher than that of the others.

CONCLUSIONThe amino acid substitutions in or vicinal conserved sequence of PBP of SP increase MIC for beta-lactam antibiotics.

Amino Acid Substitution ; Aminoacyltransferases ; genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Peptidyl Transferases ; genetics ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; drug effects ; beta-Lactam Resistance ; genetics ; beta-Lactams ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo understand the state of health of the middle-aged and old males in Jiangsu Province.

METHODSA total number of 3 551 middle-aged and old males aged 46 approximately 69 years were randomly selected from 13 counties of Jiangsu Province. All of them received physical examinations, including laboratory tests of liver and kidney function, sugar and cholesterols, radioimmunoassay of testosterone and free testosterone levels in the serum, and B-ultrasonic examination of the prostate volume and remaining urine. They also underwent inquiries according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the questionnaire for PADAM (partial androgen deficiency of the aging male).

RESULTSThe prostate volume differed significantly (P < 0.05), while the testosterone level showed no significant difference in different age groups (P > 0.05). The level of the free testosterone in the serum descended with the increase of age. The incidence of ED and PADAM was also correlated with the increase of age.

CONCLUSIONIn the old and middle-aged population of males, with the increase of age, sexual function decreases, the prostate volume enlarges, and the incidence of ED and PADAM obviously increases (P < 0.001).

Aged ; Androgens ; deficiency ; China ; epidemiology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; epidemiology ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; diagnostic imaging ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Testosterone ; blood ; Ultrasonography