Randomized epidemiology study was conducted in 4,882 people about real situation of smoking tobacco at 12 districts of Hai Phong in 2002. Result: smoking rate was still high (39.6%), mainly at 21 to 60 of ages (79.9%), among of them men were 96%, women were 4%. Smoking rate in rural areas was higher urban areas (p<0.05). The occupation had high smoking rate were: driver (83.3%), solider (73.4%), police (60%), worker (45.6%), farmer (39.4%). The occupations with low smoking rate were: health (28.2%), education (22.7%), student (16.7%), civil service (15.7%), and pupil (7.3%). Three sources of information which talked about damages of smoking are: television (92.7%), radio (61.2%), and photograph (49.3%). Smoking reasons: around smokers (53.3%), civility (40,0%), working condition (29.6%), and habit (48.2%). The rate of given up smoking in Hai Phong in 2002 was 26.5%
Smoking ; Tobacco

No abstract available.
Humans ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products*

No abstract available.
Smoking* ; Tobacco Products*

Menthol brand cigarette has been found to be linked with early initiation of smoking and addiction of nicotine. This study was designed to find out the factors associated with smoking menthol brand cigarettes among adult population in Sarawak. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the adult population in Sarawak. Data were collected from ten villages in Kota Samarahan and Kuching Division by face to face interview using modified Global Adult Tobacco Survey questionnaire. Non-probability purposive sampling method was adopted to select the villages. All the households of the villages were visited, and an adult member was selected randomly from each household irrespective of sex. After missing value imputation, 1000 data sets were analysed using statistical software SPSS 19.0 version. Analysis showed that 28.8% of the respondents were current smokers, and 7.8% were past smokers. Among the smokers, 56.3% were habituated with menthol brand cigarette. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age at initiation of smoking before 15 years of age (OR=11. 68, 95% CI: 4.25, 32.10), smoking within five minutes of wake up from sleep (OR=3. 20, 95% CI: 1.35, 7.54), nature of job as business (OR=4. 81, 95% CI: 2.13, 10.86) and service holders (OR= 3.85, 95% CI: 2.07, 7.16) and family size 5 and above (OR=2. 22, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.94) appeared to be important determinants of smoking any menthol brand cigarette (p<0.05). Menthol is a prominent design feature to attract and retain younger smokers. It does not necessarily make the transition from experimenting with cigarettes, but to encourage early smokers to become a confirmed smoker. So, anti-tobacco public health programme should focus on age-specific community approach.
Smoking ; Tobacco Products ; Adult

Two hundred and seventy one original published materials related to tobacco use were found in a search through a database dedicated to indexing all original data relevant to Medicine and Health in Malaysia from 1996 - 2015. A total of 147 papers were selected and reviewed on the basis of their relevance and implications for future research. Findings were summarised, categorised and presented according to epidemiology, behaviour, clinical features and management of smoking. Most studies are cross-sectional with small sample sizes. Studies on smoking initiation and prevalence showed mixed findings with many small scale studies within the sub-groups. The majority of the studies were related to factors that contribute to initiation in adolescents. Nonetheless, there are limited studies on intervention strategies to curb smoking among this group. There is a lack of clinical studies to analyse tobacco use and major health problems in Malaysia. In addition, studies on the best treatment modalities on the use of pharmacotherapy and behavioural counselling have also remained unexplored. Reasons why smokers do not seek clinic help to quit smoking need further exploration. A finding on the extent of effort carried out by healthcare providers in assisting smokers to make quit attempts is not known. Studies on economic and government initiatives on policies and tobacco use focus mainly on the effects of cigarette bans, increased cigarettes taxes and the influence of the tobacco industry. Recommendations are given for the government to increase efforts in implementing smoke-free legislation, early and tailored interventions. Clinical studies in this area are lacking, as are opportunities to research on ways to reduce smoking initiation age and the most effective quit smoking strategies.
Smoking ; Tobacco Use

Tobacco use among females is a rising public health issue. Further insight into the smoking epidemic can be gained from studying a specific subgroup of interest within the population. Determining predictors of each tobacco smoking type is necessary for planning tobacco specific intervention programmes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ever tobacco use and its associated socio-demographic factors among Saudi female adolescents aged 12 to 19 in Jeddah. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among female students from intermediate and high secondary schools in Jeddah during the academic year 2012-2013. Sampling with probability proportionate to size was used to select a sample of 5,150 students from 40 schools. The data were collected using validated self-administrated questionnaire that required information on tobacco use behaviours and selected socio-demographic characteristics. A total of 5,073 students participated in this study of whom 51.6% were from intermediate grades, and 83.1% from public schools. The prevalence of ever tobacco use was 44.2% (36.2% water pipe and 30.9% cigarettes). The significant predictors of ever tobacco use were student’s age, mother’s education, family structure, residence location and monthly student’s allowance. In conclusion, ever tobacco used is highly prevalent among female adolescents in Jeddah. Designing intervention programmes aimed at preventing Saudi female adolescents from smoking should include all forms of tobacco use.
Tobacco Use ; Smoking

Consumed substances, including food, drink, and tobacco, produced in the environment are exposure sources of Cd. The object of the present study was to estimate Cd exposure and absorption amount from smoking cigarettes, one exposure source of Cd, using recent findings from Japan. The market share of cigarettes produced in foreign countries has increased in Japan, the proportion of tobacco leaves harvested in foreign countries has increased in cigarettes produced in Japan, and the percentage of smokers in Japan has changed. Therefore, obtaining the absorption value of Cd from smoking cigarettes using recent findings from Japan is significant. We collected information on (1) the concentrations of Cd in tobacco leaves by country of harvest and in cigarettes by country of production, (2) the concentrations of Cd in cigarette smoke, (3) the proportion of tobacco leaves harvested in foreign countries used in cigarettes made and sold in Japan, (4) the absorption rate of Cd in the airways for cigarette smoke, (5) the smoking rate by gender, age, and year in Japan, (6) the number of cigarettes sold in Japan by year and country of production, (7) the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers per day according to gender and age in Japan, and (8) the population size in 1998 by gender and age in Japan. The mean amount of Cd absorbed via the airways by smoking for smokers in Japan was calculated to be 0.89-1.78 μg/day from the above information. The values are not small in comparison with the amount of Cd absorbed from the digestive organs. The concentration of Cd in tobacco leaves harvested in Japan and cigarettes produced in Japan is generally higher than that of leaves harvested and cigarettes produced in foreign countries. The increase in the market share of cigarettes produced in foreign countries and sold in Japan and the increase in the proportion of tobacco leaves harvested in foreign countries used in cigarettes made and sold in Japan have decreased the amount of Cd absorbed by smoking for smokers in Japan.
Japan ; CIGARETTES (CONTAINING TOBACCO) ; Cadmium ; Smoking ; Tobacco

BACKGROUND: Many countries have been legally prescribing health warning messages on cigarette packages as a part of their national policy of smoking cessation. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness for smoking cessation of graphic health warning labels, and compare them with the existing health warning messages. METHODS: From February to December 2002, we surveyed 103 smokers who were college students of fine arts. After letfing them see the graphic health warning labels, the self recorded questionnaires were collected. RESULTS: The effectiveness for the smoking cessation of the existing health warning messages was evaluated low, despite its wide recognition. But there was no difference between the visual effect and the effectiveness for the smoking cessation of the graphic health warning labels. The graphic health warning labels were more effective for the smoking cessation than the existing health warning messages, and it was the same in the subgroup analysis such as sex, degree of recognition of disease, and non- smoking planning. CONCLUSION: To quit smoking, it is reasonably concluded that the graphic health warning labels on cigarette packages was very effective. Hereafter, it is recommended more useful designs of graphic health warning labels be developed.
Humans ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products*

No abstract available.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products*

INTRODUCTION

Smoking is one of the biggest global public health problems. It is known that the use of tobacco can have detrimental effects on a person’s overall health. Thus, this study is geared towards determining the knowledge and attitude of medical residents about tobacco cessation.

The study determined the knowledge and attitudes of smoking cessation among VSMMC residents and assessed their understanding of the risks associated with tobacco use.

A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used employing an online survey of 171 medical residents from December 2022 to March 2023. An in-depth analysis of categorical variables related to demographic factors using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests was subsequently done.

Most have average knowledge and a good knowledge foundation about tobacco cessation. The majority, primarily aged 25 to 34, single are more knowledgeable about quitting smoking and its benefits as well as the women, although statistically not significant in proportion of the knowledge base. Approximately 69% were nonsmokers, and 87.7% lacked training in tobacco cessation. Only 8.2% demonstrated poor knowledge of smoking cessation, while 91.8% had average to good knowledge. Knowledge levels did not significantly differ based on demographics, smoking status, or training, except for residency type. Generally, they have a positive attitude towards tobacco cessation and agreed that it is part of their responsibility to assist and motivate patients. They recognized the positive impact on healthcare provider-patient relationships, and the minority felt discomfort counseling patients. Most believed in the availability of time to provide advice, and some acknowledged potential patient resistance or viewed quitting smoking as an individual choice.

The significant difference in knowledge based on residency type emphasizes the necessity for interventions to fill knowledge gaps and suggest areas for targeted educational interventions. The findings also underscore the importance of early education, as evidenced by the majority obtaining training during medical school.