Oocytes retrieval, in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) efficiency are inevitable steps towards in vitro production of embryos. In the present study, these parameters were investigated in the ovaries of prepubertal (n = 31) and pubertal (n = 61) black Bengal goats obtained from a slaughterhouse. Nuclear maturation was evaluated upon aspiration and following IVM in TCM-199 (Earle's salt with L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate) for 27 h at 39degrees C under 5% CO2 in humidified air. The oocytes retrieval and efficiency (mean +/- SD) per prepubertal and pubertal goats were 5.2 +/- 0.6 and 6.8 +/- 0.6, and 77.3 +/- 0.1% and 80.5 +/- 0.6%, respectively. Anaphase I - telophase I stages differed significantly (7.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.2, p < 0.05) between the two groups of goats. After IVM, the percentages of metaphase II were significantly higher (66.3 vs. 60.3, p < 0.05) in pubertal goats than in their prepubertal counterparts. The percentages of normal in vitro fertilization (IVF) in Fert-Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate of pubertal goat oocytes did not differ between Percoll and swim-up sperm separation methods (36.7 +/- 0.9% vs. 32.7 +/- 1.3%, p > 0.05). Furthermore, sperm capacitation by heparin alone or in combination with ionomycin did not lead to a significant increase in the normal fertilization rate (34.8 +/- 1.7 vs. 32.2 +/- 1.5%, respectively) in the oocytes of pubertal goats. In conclusion, the ovaries of pubertal black Bengal goats obtained from the slaughterhouse could be used for in vitro embryo production. However, further optimization of the IVM and IVF techniques are necessary for satisfactory in vitro embryo production.
Animals ; Culture Techniques ; Embryonic Development/*physiology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/*veterinary ; Goats/*embryology ; Male ; Oocyte Retrieval/veterinary ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovary/cytology ; Sexual Maturation ; Sperm Capacitation ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting/veterinary

Adenomyomatous hyperplasia (AMH) of the gallbladder commonly accompanies chronic cholecystitis and may be classified into three types according to the gross features: segmental, localized (fundal), and diffuse types. In situ or invasive carcinomas arising from and confined to AMH are rarely observed, especially of the segmental type. Intracystic papillary neoplasm (IPN) is one of the precancerous lesions of the gallbladder. IPN usually grows into the lumen and produces a polypoid or papillary mass. Here, we report an extremely rare case of IPN arising from and limited to a localized AMH incidentally detected in a brain-dead 68-year-old female patient during organ harvesting.
Aged ; Cholecystitis ; Female ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting

The donor organ harvesting technique is an essential component of a successful recipient outcome in organ transplantation. The careful assessment and rapid recovery of deceased donor organs without medical and surgical impairment is the cornerstone for transplant physicians. To expand the donor pool, transplant physicians are continually modifying criteria to accept organs, so-called expanded or marginal donor criteria included: age >65 years, non-heart beating donor, positive viral serology, split-liver, hypernatremia, prior carcinoma, and fatty liver. The technique of organ harvest has been obvious that a uniform procedure should be developed which is flexible enough to allow the excision of various organ combinations without jeopardy to any of the individual grafts in deceased donor. The rapid infusion method entails no preliminary dissection of the intra-abdominal organs since those organs are cooled by in situ infusion of cold preservation solution and rapid remove in a bloodless field. Avoiding perigraft dissection before cross clamp (warm dissection) contributes to better early graft function than with the warm dissection. The supreme goal of organ harvesting is to ensure that none of the organs are damaged during preparation, perfusion and removal of the organs.
Fatty Liver ; Humans ; Hypernatremia ; Organ Transplantation ; Perfusion ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting ; Tissue and Organ Procurement* ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplantation ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report a case series of in vitro matured (IVM) oocyte freezing in gynecologic cancer patients undergoing radical surgery under time constraints as an option for fertility preservation (FP). METHODS: Case series report. University-based in vitro fertilization center. Six gynecologic cancer patients who were scheduled to undergo radical surgery the next day were referred for FP. The patients had endometrial (n=2), ovarian (n=3), and double primary endometrial and ovarian (n=1) cancer. Ex vivo retrieval of immature oocytes from macroscopically normal ovarian tissue was followed by mature oocyte freezing after IVM or embryo freezing with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. RESULTS: A total of 53 oocytes were retrieved from five patients, with a mean of 10.6 oocytes per patient. After IVM, a total of 36 mature oocytes were obtained, demonstrating a 67.9% maturation rate. With regard to the ovarian cancer patients, seven IVM oocytes were frozen from patient 3, who had stage IC cancer, whereas one IVM oocyte was frozen from patient 4, who had stage IV cancer despite being of a similar age. With regard to the endometrial cancer patients, 15 IVM oocytes from patient 1 were frozen. Five embryos were frozen after the fertilization of IVM oocytes from patient 6. CONCLUSION: Immature oocytes can be successfully retrieved ex vivo from macroscopically normal ovarian tissue before radical surgery. IVM oocyte freezing provides a possible FP option in patients with advanced-stage endometrial or ovarian cancer without the risk of cancer cell spillage or time delays.
Cryopreservation* ; Embryonic Structures ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Fertility Preservation ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Freezing ; Humans ; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Oocyte Retrieval* ; Oocytes* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Uterine Neoplasms

In spite of efforts to promote organ donation through media campaigns, educating the public and improved organization for organ retrieval, the number of donors has remained relatively stable over the past few years. On the contrary, adverse scandals such as "buying & selling organs" or "The Exodus to China" for renal transplantation are recent issues in the field of organ transplantation". It has been suggested that non-heart beating donors (NHBD) could bridge the gap between supply and demand for renal transplantation; however, NHB donation is being used to a limited degree. This article reviews the selection criteria, technical approaches and logistical organization, the graft function and survival in NHBD. Actually, the primary non-function of grafts is significantly worse for NHBD kidneys, but the result could be improved by utilizing better patient selection and retrieval team organization. Delayed graft function is also more frequent in NHBD kidneys. This poses problems in the short term, but in the long term it does not seem to influence the outcome. Indeed, NHBD has consistently increased the number of available kidneys and it has no effect on heart beating (HB) donations.
Delayed Graft Function ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Patient Selection ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting ; Tissue and Organ Procurement ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplants

The goal of auricular cartilage harvest is to obtain a sufficient amount for reconstruction and to minimize the change in ear shape. The cartilage can be harvested by a posterior or anterior approach, and each method has advantages and disadvantages. The posterior approach presents the advantage of scar concealment, but there are limits to the amount of cymba cartilage that may be harvested. In contrast, the anterior approach may cause a noticeable scar. However, as cartilage is collected, the anterior approach provides a view that facilitates the preservation ear structure. In addition, it is possible to obtain a greater amount of cartilage. From January 2014 to December 2015, we harvested auricular cartilage graft material in 17 patients. To prevent the development of trapdoor scars or linear scar contracture, short incisions were made on the superior border of the cymba and cavum. Two small and narrow incisions were made, resulting in suboptimal exposure of the surgical site, which heightens the potential for damaging the cartilage when using existing tools. To minimize this, the authors used a newly invented ball-type elevator. All patients recovered without complications after surgery and reported satisfaction with the shape of the ear.
Autografts ; Cartilage* ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Ear ; Ear Cartilage ; Elevators and Escalators ; Humans ; Methods ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting ; Transplants

Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; trends ; Living Donors ; Postoperative Complications ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting ; methods ; trends

Humans ; Liver ; blood supply ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Living Donors ; Survival Analysis ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting ; methods

Humans ; Living Donors ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting ; Nephrectomy ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Technology ; Laparoscopy

Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for eligible end-stage renal disease patients. However, the supply of donated kidneys has been consistently insufficient to meet the transplantation requirements of the population. In this paper, I discuss the feasibility of several policy options that engage potential donors or key individuals in a Singapore context, including financial and non-financial incentives for deceased/living organ donors and their families, improving actualisation rates of both donation after brain death, donation after cardiac death through quality improvement programmes and remuneration schemes, and a media platform for directed organ donation. I conclude by highlighting the most feasible policies to be considered.
Altruism ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Kidney ; surgery ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; surgery ; Kidney Transplantation ; methods ; Living Donors ; Nephrectomy ; Quality Improvement ; Singapore ; Tissue Donors ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting ; Tissue and Organ Procurement