Aluminum ; Fixatives ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Polymers ; Tissue Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods

The use of resorbable implants has always been attractive to surgeons because there is no need to remove implant ai'ter fracture fixation. Other advantages include decreased load sharing, multi-taskirv ancl no metal toxicity. But the strength and stiffness of resorhable implants are less than those of metallic implants. Therefore, these implants are suitahle for fixation of particular fractwre sites such as cancellous bone and epiphyscs in which shear loads comprise the major strains. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine whether there are changes in mechanical properties and tissue reactions in the polylactic acid (PLA) rod hy surface moditication using plasma coating or hexafluoropropylene (CF3CF=CF2). PLA rods were inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of back and distal femur in rabbits. Rods in subcutaneous tissue were retrieved for material characterization and those in distal femur were ohtained for histologic observation at postoperative 2, 5, 12 and 16 weeks. The results were as follows; 1. The hydrophobicity of PLA surface was successfully ohtained by plasma coating of hexatluoropropylene gas. 2. Thcre is no significant change in tissue reaction. between controi and plasma coating PLA group. 3. The diametral strength and 3-points bending strength of plasma coating groups were higher than those of control group until postoperative 12 wks, but, diminished at postoperative 16 weeks. In conclusion, the plasma coating of PLA rod using fluorocarbon is a reasonable technique to incrcase the surface hydrophohicily and a promising method to delay the reduction of the strength of PLA rod. Further study on thicker plasma coating and Jong term effect including degradation, nsetaholism and excretion of cotated fluorocarhon will be needed.
Femur ; Fracture Fixation ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions* ; Plasma* ; Rabbits ; Subcutaneous Tissue

Disinfectants ; Fixatives ; toxicity ; Formaldehyde ; toxicity ; Paraffin Embedding ; Tissue Fixation

BACKGROUND: The preservation of optimized DNA and its extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are important issues. There has been some doubt over whether 10% neutral-buffered formalin is an ideal fixation solution for DNA preservation over non-buffered formalin, as conventionally recommended. In this study, the correlation between the efficiency of DNA extraction from FFPE tissues and buffered formalin was evaluated. METHODS: Several tissues with same conditions except fixatives were fixed in four different formalin solution groups and were routinely processed as paraffin-embedding protocols. DNAs were extracted from four different FFPE tissues that were stored for over 3 months and over 9 months. The quantity and quality of the DNAs were assessed with a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and degradation were analyzed via microchip electrophoresis. KRAS mutation analysis and microsatellite instability (BAT25) PCR were performed with each sample. RESULTS: The results showed no remarkable difference in the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings demonstrate that DNA preservation is fairly unaffected by a neutral buffer where there is short formalin manufacture period and an adequate formalin fixation time before embedding in paraffin.
DNA ; Electrophoresis, Microchip ; Fixatives ; Formaldehyde ; Microsatellite Instability ; Paraffin ; Pathology, Molecular ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tissue Fixation ; Tissue Preservation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the augmentative locking compression plate fixation in the treatment of femoral shaft nonunion occurring after intramedullary nailing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2004 and September 2012, a total of 17 patients (twelve men, five women, average age 52.5 years) who had femoral nonunions after primary intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures were reviewed. The mean period of nonunion after primary nailing was 18.5 months. Leaving the nail in situ, an augmentative locking plate was applied to the nonunion site with simultaneous autogenous bone grafting, except for five hypertrophic nonunions. We followed up all patients with plain radiograph and evaluated clinical status to determine bone union. RESULTS: All patients demonstrated evidence of fracture union with an average follow-up time of 5.0 (range 2 to 9) months. The time of operation was an average of 115 (range 45 to 160) minutes, and mean blood loss was 345.9 (range 150 to 700) ml. Two patients noted discomfort at the distal portion of plate, and one noted discomfort of donor site, but functional limitation was not observed in all patients. CONCLUSION: Augmentative locking plate fixation for diaphyseal femoral nonunion after intramedullary nailing is a reasonable treatment option with increased stability.
Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary* ; Humans ; Male ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: Scleral buckles are frequently performed as an additional procedure in perforated ocular injury surgery, but little is known about their independent effect after ocular trauma. The authors made a posterior penetrating ocular injury model in rabbits to evaluate the isolated role of primary scleral buckle placement. METHODS: Twenty eyes underwent surgery. The penetrating injury consisted of two 5 mm circumferential incisions placed five clock hours apart and 7 mm behind the limbus. A segmental scleral buckle was placed over a randomly chosen penetrating injury site after wound closure. The degree of the fibrous proliferation, traction, and the presence of retinal detachment were evaluated on follow-up examination. After enucleation and fixation, tissue sectioning was performed including injury sites. The greatest dimension of the fibrous proliferation at both wound sites was measured. RESULTS: Two eyes were excluded from the study due to unsuccessful buckling. Four eyes developed a retinal detachment. The remaining 14 eyes showed varying degrees of proliferation and traction on the retina. The greatest dimension of the fibrous proliferation at the buckle site (1.69 +/- 0.29 mm) was significantly different from that at the non-buckle site (2.07 +/- 0.37 mm, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Primary scleral buckle placement at the time of surgical repair reduces vitreous traction and decreases the degree of fibrous proliferation.
Eye Injuries, Penetrating* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Methods ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Tissue Fixation ; Traction ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: To investigate the surgical outcomes of patients with femoral mid-diaphyseal fractures treated with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), which were difficult to intramedullary nailing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 11 patients with femoral mid-diaphyseal fractures who were treated with MIPO. There were 7 males and 4 females and the mean age was 47 years (20-85 years). According to AO/OTA classification, there were 1 type of A1, 5 types of A3, 1 of B2 and 4 of B3. The reason of plate fixation instead of intramedullary nailing is as follows: femoral vessel and severe soft tissue injuries-2 cases, polytrauma patients with chest injury-6 cases, and narrow medullary canal diameter-3 cases. Six out of 11 cases were treated with initial external fixation as a damage control orthopedics. RESULTS: The mean union time of 6 cases was 3.7 months (3-5 months). There were 5 cases (45%) of nonunion, which should be treated with autogenous bone graft. All cases of nonunion resulted from severe soft tissue damage and polytrauma, which needed initial external fixation. There was no case of malalignment and implant-related complication. CONCLUSION: In cases of difficult intramedullary nailing for the femoral mid-diaphyseal fractures, MIPO could be an alternative surgical option, but concurrent soft tissue injuries and multiple trauma may increase the risk of nonunion in spite of biological fixation.
Female ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Thorax ; Transplants

Most studies related with plaque histopathology and/or morphology are based on the gray scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and autopsy findings, although IVUS is limited for differentiating echolucent areas, and tissue shrinkage almost always occur during tissue fixation. In addition, autopsy studies can not establish the causal relationship between the autopsy findings and the clinical findings. Spectral analysis of the IVUS radiofrequency data may be a new and useful tool because it allows detailed assessment of plaque composition in vivo, with a high predictive accuracy of 87.1% to 96.5% in fibrous, fibrofatty, calcified and necrotic core regions with performing tissue mapping and geometric assessment like that for classic gray scale IVUS. This new imaging technique offers clear benefits compared with the results of classic IVUS and autopsy studies. This review will briefly discuss the methodology of spectral analysis of the IVUS radiofrequency data, the recent clinical studies that have used this technique and the future perspectives.
Autopsy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Tissue Fixation ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Most studies related with plaque histopathology and/or morphology are based on the gray scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and autopsy findings, although IVUS is limited for differentiating echolucent areas, and tissue shrinkage almost always occur during tissue fixation. In addition, autopsy studies can not establish the causal relationship between the autopsy findings and the clinical findings. Spectral analysis of the IVUS radiofrequency data may be a new and useful tool because it allows detailed assessment of plaque composition in vivo, with a high predictive accuracy of 87.1% to 96.5% in fibrous, fibrofatty, calcified and necrotic core regions with performing tissue mapping and geometric assessment like that for classic gray scale IVUS. This new imaging technique offers clear benefits compared with the results of classic IVUS and autopsy studies. This review will briefly discuss the methodology of spectral analysis of the IVUS radiofrequency data, the recent clinical studies that have used this technique and the future perspectives.
Autopsy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Tissue Fixation ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of interlocking intramedullary nailing for the distal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia and to identify the usefulness of the interlocking intramedullary nailing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty four patients who underwent interlocking intramedullary nailing for distal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia were reviewed with a follow-up period of more than 2 years. Clinical result was assessed using the Olerud score and this score was marked as percentage of prefracture state. Radiographic results were assessed with varus-valgus angle, anterior-posterior angle, and bone union time. We checked the cases of complication and need for additional surgery after interlocking intramedullary nailing. RESULTS: Clinically, Olerud score averaged 92.1% (76~100%). Radiographically, average varus-valgus angle was 1.6+/-2.9 degrees and average antero-posterior angle was 0.8+/-3.3 degrees. Bone union time averaged 18.7 weeks. As complications, there were one deep infection and two breakages of distal interlocking screw. In additional surgery, there were 1 debridement and soft tissue flap, and one dynamization of nail at postoperative 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Interlocking intramedullary nailing is one of safe and reliable method for distal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia, considering less soft tissue injury, possibility of early range of motion exercise, high bone union rate, and low complications rate.
Debridement ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary* ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia*