Objective To analyze the enhancement degree of prostate cancer on contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography (CETRUS) in relation to tumor location.Methods 150 patients suspected of prostate cancer were evaluated with CETRUS.The degree of enhancement of the lesions was objectively measured using peak intensity (PI) with time-intensity curve analysis software.The peak intensity of the lesions located in the medial peripheral zone,the lateral peripheral zone and the transition zone was compared and analyzed.Results Prostate cancer was detected in 96 of 150 patients.The mean PI value of the prostate cancer was significantly higher than that of the benign prostate hyperplasia lesions [(9.88 ± 3.76)dB vs (8.74±4.52)dB,P ＜0.01].The PI value of the cancer foci located in the medial peripheral zone,the lateral peripheral zone and the transition zone increased gradually [(6.55 ± 2.90)dB vs (10.57±2.52)dB vs (13.64±2.38)dB,P ＜0.001].The Spearman correlation coefficient between the tumor location and the PI value was 0.718 (P ＜0.001).The partial correlation coefficient was 0.720 when the Gleason score was used as a covariate (P ＜0.001).Conclusions There was significant difference in enhancement degree between prostate cancer lesions with different location.Being aware of this might be valuable for improving the sensitivity and specificity of CEUS in diagnosis of the prostate cancer.

Objective To determine whether cadence contrast pulse sequencing (CPS) harmonic ultrasonography can be used to predict aggressiveness of peripheral zone prostate cancer.Methods CPS harmonic ultrasonography was performed in 62 biopsy-proved prostate cancer patients.Time intensity curves were reconstructed for biopsy-proved or radical prostatectomy histopathology proved prostate cancer lesions.The characteristics of the curves were described using hemodynamic parameters including arrival time (AT),time-to peak (TTP) and peak intensity (PI).The differences of hemodynamic parameters between different Gleason score and pathologic stage were analyzed.Results Prostate biopsy revealed 156 peripheral zone prostate cancer lesions among 62 patients,including 40 low grade lesions and 116 high grade lesions.In comparison with low-grade lesions,the contrast agents arrived and distributed earlier in highgrade lesions (P =0.005,0.023).In addition to lower AT and TTP,high-grade tumors had higher PI than low-grade tumors (P =0.008).Among 21 patients underwent radical prostatectomy,histopathology documented 14 low grade tumors and 17 high grade tumors,significant differences of hemodynamic parameters were found between these two groups (P ＜0.05).Furthermore,prostate cancer lesions with extra capsular extension also had high PI than those confined in the gland (P =0.000).Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and hemodynamic parameters might be helpful in predicting aggressiveness of prostate cancer.

Objective To determine the utility of elastography guided biopsies in men undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsies.Methods A total of 108 consecutive patients suspicious for prostate cancer due to elevated serum prostate specific antigen level or abnormal digital rectal examination were enrolled in this prospective study.All patients underwent combined elastography-targeted and 10 core-systematic transperineal biopsy.The impact of elastography-targeted biopsies on the prostate cancer detection rate was analyzed in comparison with prostate biopsy pathology.Results The overall prostate cancer detection rate was 49.1％ (53/108).The prostate cancer detection rate of systematic biopsy was 35.2％(38/108).The increase in cancer detection rate by elastography-targeted biopsies was 13.9％(15/108,P =0.039).A total of 1296 cores were sampled among 108 patients,including 1080 systematic biopsy cores and 216 targeted biopsy cores.The positive rate of targeted biopsy was significantly higher than systematic biopsy (50.9％ vs 14.1％,P ＜0.0001).Conclusions Prostate cancer detection rate could be significantly improved by elastography targeted transperineal biopsy.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Kechuan'an Oral Liquid in treating asthma based on network pharmacology; To carry out experimental verification.Methods:The effective components and targets of Kechuan'an Oral Liquid were obtained through TCMSP and literature search. The related targets of asthma were screened by GEO database, and the intersection targets of drug and disease were selected. The PPI network was constructed by STRING database, and the GO function and KEGG pathway were enriched and analyzed for key targets by DAVID database. The rats were divided into blank control group, model group and Kechuan'an Oral Liquid group according to the method of random number table. Kechuan'an Oral Liquid group received Kechuan'an Oral Liquid 12.34 ml/kg for gavage, and blank control group and model group were perfused with distilled water of the same volume for gavage, once a day for 3 days. The asthma model of rats was prepared by atomizing the mixture of acetylcholine chloride and histamine phosphate, and HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue; Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of IL-6, TLR4, MyD88 and TAK1, and the network pharmacological prediction results were verified.Results:A total of 153 active components, 1 896 targets and 2 982 differentially expressed genes of Kechuan'an Oral Liquid were screened out, and 25 intersection targets of drugs and diseases were obtained. The enrichment results showed that toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and Nod-like receptor signaling pathway were the main mechanisms of immune inflammation. Compared with the control group, the lung tissue of rats in the model group showed morphological changes such as thickening of air duct wall and infiltration of inflammatory cells, which were significantly improved in the Kechuan'an Oral Liquid group. Compared with the control group, the expressions of IL-6, TLR4, MyD88 and TAK1 in the model group significantly increased ( P<0.01), and compared with model group, the expressions of IL-6, TLR4, MyD88 and TAK1 in Kechuan'an Oral Liquid group significantly decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:Kechuan'an Oral Liquid can inhibit toll-like receptor signaling pathway and mediate anti-inflammatory effect to treat asthma.

ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules on anxiety-like behaviors in the rat model of chronic restraint stress （CRS） and explore the mechanism underlying the anti-anxiety effect via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. MethodsRats were assigned into blank， model， positive drug （diazepam， 1 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.75， 1.5， 3 g·kg^-1， respectively） Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules groups. After 14 days of administration， the elevated plus maze test， open field test， light and dark box test， and marble burying test were performed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the hippocampus and colon of rats， and Nissl staining was conducted to observe the damage of hippocampal neurons. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） and occludin in the colon of rats. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in the colon， serum， and hippocampus were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of ZO-1， occludin， nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65） in the colon tissue and NF-κB p65 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the hippocampal tissue. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed reductions in the time and frequency ratio of rats entering the elevated plus maze， the time and frequency of rats entering the central area of the open field， the time of entering the open box， the times of passing through the light and dark box， and the number of unburied beads （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules ameliorated the anxiety of the model rats to varying degrees， and the high-dose group had the best effect， with increases in the proportions of time and frequency of rats entering the open arm in the elevated plus maze （P<0.05）， the number of rats entering the central area in the open field （P<0.05）， the time of entering the open box， the times of passing through the light and dark boxes， and the number of unburied beads （P<0.01）. Moreover， the high-dose group showed alleviated pathological damage of hippocampal neurons and colon. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the model group had increased relative abundance of Firmicutes， Deferribacterota， Romboutsia， and Phascolarctobacterium， while it had decreased relative abundance of Bavcteroidota and Lactobacillus. The drug administration groups showed increased relative abundance of Bavcteroidota， Bacteroides， norank f norank o Clostridia UCG-014， and Blautia and decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Deferribacterota. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon （P<0.01）， elevated levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-β in the colon， serum， and hippocampus （P<0.01）， up-regulated protein level of NF-κB p65 in the colon and hippocampus （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein level of BDNF in the hippocampus （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， high-dose Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules up-regulated the mRNA levels of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon （P<0.01）， lowered the levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-β in the colon， serum， and hippocampus （P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of ZO-1 （P<0.01） and occludin （P<0.05） in the colon， down-regulated the protein level of NF-κB p65 in the colon and hippocampus （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the protein level of BDNF in the hippocampus. ConclusionFufang Kangjiaolv capsules can reduce the anxiety-like behaviors in the rat model of CRS by regulating the gut microbiota disturbance， up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins in the colon， repairing intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier， and down-regulating NF-κB/BDNF signaling pathway， thereby reducing peripheral and central inflammation. This study proves the hypothesis that Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules play an anti-anxiety role via the microbiota-gut-brain axis， providing a new idea for further research.