Objective The purpose of this investigation was to discuss the relationship between the rotation of lower extremity biomechanics and patellofemoral pain(PFP) .Methods With normal volunteers as controls ,patients with PFP were scanned by ul‐trathin CT ,keeping the bilateral lower extremity straight neutral .The anatomy parameters were measured and analysed ,such as femoral neck anteversion(FNA) ,femoral neck shaft angle(NSA) ,posterior condylar angle(PCA) ,femoral rotation relative to tibia (FRRT) ,tibial torsion angle(TTA) and patella tilt angle(PTA) .Results Compared with control group ,the PFP group FNA ,FR‐RT ,PCA ,TTA and PTA increase statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,while the NSA is no statistical difference (P>0 .05) .It could be found that PTA had the most obvious influence on the VAS score ,followed by FNA and TTA ;and PTA had the most obvious influence on the WOMAC function score ,followed by TTA ;and significant negative correlation could be found between PTA and age (r= -0 .548 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion PTA is a sensitive indicator to assess VAS score and WOMAC function score for individ‐uals with PFPS .Increases of PTA ,FNA ,PCA ,FRRT and TTA are associated with PFP for women .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of co-expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Sox9 on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and provide experimental evidence for tissue engineering of cartilage.

METHODSMouse embryonic bone marrow MSC C3H10T1/2 cells were infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing BMP2, Sox9 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) for 3-14 days, with cells infected with the adenovirus carrying GFP gene as the control. The mRNA expression of the markers of chondrogenic differentiation, including collagen type II (Col2a1), aggrecan (ACAN), and collagen type X (Col10a1), were determined by real-time PCR. Alcian blue staining was used for quantitative analysis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan in the cellular matrix. The expression of Col2a1 protein was assayed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis.

RESULTSAdenovirus-mediated BMP2 expression induced chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. Overexpression of Sox9 effectively enhanced BMP2-induced expression of the chondrogenic markers Col2a1, aggrecan and Col10a1 mRNAs, and promoted the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan and Col2a1 protein in C3H10T1/2 cells.

CONCLUSIONCo-expression of BMP2 and Sox9 can promote chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro, which provides a new strategy for tissue engineering of cartilage.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cartilage ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; SOX9 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tissue Engineering