Objective To study the effects of oligohydramnios in full-term pregnancy women deliveried on the perinatal outcomes.Methods 320 suspected oligohydramnios cases from January 2008 to June 2009 were taken as observation group,and compared with 320 cases full-term pregnant women with normal amniotic fluid and without any high-risk factors as control group.B-type ultras onography was used to determine the volume and index of amniotic fluid and fetal umbilical blood flow index (S/D).Blood estriol was determined combining with non-stress test(NST)and oxytocin challenge test(OCT) or contraction stress test(CST) examination to evaluate maternal and fetal situation.The perinatal outcomes of the two groups was analyzed and compared.Result The neonatal asphyxiation and mortality rate between the two groups had no significant difference( P ＞ 0.05).The rate of cesarean section in the observation group was increased( P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The term pregnancy women with oligohydramnion during labour diagnosed by B-type ultrasonography should select vaginal delivery based on comprehensive examination.

Objective:To explore the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and type H vessel, which was recently identified as strongly positive for CD31 and Endomucin (CD31 hiEmcn hi) in long bone from ovariectomized (OVX) mice compared withSham group. Methods:C57BL/6Jwild-type mice were used for experiments and bone tissuewas collected. Eight-week-old female mice were randomly divided into bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) and a sham operation (Sham). The bilateral ovaries were exposed and removed in the OVX group. In the sham group, the ovaries were only exposed but left intact. After 4weeks, these mice were killed for experiment and the femurs were collected for Micro CT scanning in order to observe the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular indexes, including bone volume (BV), total volume of interest (TV), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular number (Tb.N). The fresh tibia of each mouse was fixed, decalcified, dehydrated and embedded for immunostaining. All experimental data were analyzed with t-test. Results:Mouse femora from two groups were dissected at 4 week time points, and the attached soft tissue was completely removed for Micro CT scanning. BMD in OVX is 0.11±0.01 g/cm 3 and 0.21±0.01 g/cm 3 in Sham, which indicated the BMD in OVX significantly decreased. The results showed significant difference between the groups ( P=0.001). The microarchitecture in trabecular bone changed. BV/TV in OVX is 11.52%±1.77% and 25.87%±1.31% in Sham, which indicated the BV/TV in OVX significantly decreased. The results showed significant difference between the groups ( P<0.05). Tb.N in OVX is 1.67±0.33/mm and 2.95±0.82/mm in Sham, which indicated the Tb.N in OVX slightly decreased. The results showed no significant difference between the groups ( P=0.066). Tb.Th in OVX is 0.06±0.01 mm and 0.07±0.01 mm in Sham, which indicated the Tb.Th in OVX significantly thinned. The results showed significant difference between the groups ( P=0.021). Tb.Sp in OVX is 0.29±0.15 mm and 0.19±0.01 mm in Sham, which indicated the Tb.Sp in OVX significantly increased. The results showed significant difference between the groups ( P<0.05). In the groups BMD decreased and trabecular microstructure was broken. Both BMD and trabecular indexes (BV/TV, Tb. Th, Tb. Sp) showed significant changes in OVX group compared with Sham ( P<0.05) except Tb.N. We next examined the expression of CD31 and EMCN via immunostaining in order to observe the changes of type H vessel.By immunostaining, the percentage of HV/TV in OVX group was 9.14%±0.99% and 29.33%±1.22% in the sham-operated mice. Dramatically decreased type H vessels in the metaphysis of OVX mice were observed compared with that of Sham control mice. The results showed significant difference between the groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In this study, ovariectomized mice, a widely used model for postmenopausal osteoporosis, exhibited significantly reduced type H vessels accompanied by reduced BMD, which indicatedtype H vessel involved in the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of pathogenic germline mutations of mismatch repair (MMR) genes in prostate cancer patients and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS: Germline sequencing data of 855 prostate cancer patients admitted in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The pathogenicity of mutations was assessed according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standard guideline, Clinvar and Intervar databases. The clinicopathological characteristics and responses to castration treatment were compared among patients with MMR gene mutation (MMR⁺ group), patients with DNA damage repair (DDR) gene germline pathogenic mutation without MMR gene (DDR⁺MMR^－ group) and patients without DDR gene germline pathogenic mutation (DDR^－ group). RESULTS: Thirteen (1.52%) MMR⁺ patients were identified in 855 prostate cancer patients, including 1 case with MLH1 gene mutation, 6 cases with MSH2 gene mutation, 4 cases with MSH6 gene mutation and 2 cases with PMS2 gene mutation. 105 (11.9%) patients were identified as DDR gene positive (except MMR gene), and 737 (86.2%) patients were DDR gene negative. Compared with DDR^－ group, MMR⁺ group had lower age of onset (P<0.05) and initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (P<0.01), while no significant differences were found between the two groups in Gleason score and TMN staging (both P>0.05). The median time to castration resistance was 8 months (95%CI: 6 months-not achieved), 16 months (95%CI: 12-32 months) and 24 months (95%CI: 21-27 months) for MMR⁺ group, DDR⁺MMR^－ group and DDR^－ group, respectively. The time to castration resistance in MMR⁺ group was significantly shorter than that in DDR⁺MMR^－ group and DDR^－ group (both P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between DDR⁺MMR^－ group and DDR^－ group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS MMR gene mutation testing is recommended for prostate cancer patients with early onset, low initial PSA, metastasis or early resistance to castration therapy.
Male ; Humans ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/genetics* ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Retrospective Studies ; DNA Mismatch Repair/genetics* ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; China ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology*

Objective:To investigate the clinical profile of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia(PBMAH) and sex difference.Methods:One hundred and forty cases of PBMAH were recruited in our center from 2014, and all patients were evaluated for hormone secretion, adrenal imaging, and metabolic parameters.Results:Overt Cushing′s syndrome accounted for 76.4% of PBMAH cohort and 47.9% were female. The overt group had higher serum cortisol and 24 h urinary free cortisol levels, lower adrenocorticotropic hormone, higher serum cortisol after low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests, larger total adrenal size, and a higher percentage of obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypokalemia than the subclinical group(all P<0.05). When compared with the male group, the female group had smaller adrenal size( P<0.001), lower HbA 1C( P=0.003), higher total cholesterol( P=0.005), and lower density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels( P=0.035). Further, 24 h urinary free cortisol in the male group was found to be positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, 2 h postprandial glucose after oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), and HbA 1C after adjusted for age, body mass index, and onset duration, and was negatively correlated with body mass index and potassium levels. While 24 h urinary free cortisol in the female group was positively correlated only with diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and 2 h postprandial glucose after OGTT(all P<0.05). During follow-up, 80.0% of patients achieved remission after unilateral adrenalectomy, with a recurrence rate of 17.9%. Conclusion:PBMAH related metabolic disorder is more pronounced in overt Cushing′s syndrome and males. Unilateral adrenalectomy as an effective treatment can benefit the majority of patients.