Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic and progressive inflammation of liver caused by the disorder of immunoregulation,and characterized by the presence of autoantibodies,elevated level of immunoglobulin G,and interface hepatitis histologically.As its clinical feature is not particular and the international diagnosis criteria is rarely applied in children,the diagnosis of pediatric AIH is difficult to make.It's essential for the good prognosis to recognize and diagnose the disease in early stage,as well as to treat it promptly and maintain regular follow-up.Now,the recent progress of pathogenesis,diagnostic criteria and management of AIH in children were summarized.

Objective To study the inter-allelic recombination event occurring in the HLA-C locus in a family of Chinese Han nationality, and to evaluate the molecular genetic background of the new HLA allele.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from a Chinese leukemia woman patient, as well as her healthy parents and two brothers.HLA-A, C, B, DRB1 and DQB1 alleles were typed by high-resolution PCR-sequence-based typing (SBT) method using Atria Genetic AlleleSEQR HLA SBT kits.The Protrans S4 HLA-C single allele-specific sequencing strategy was used to separate the two HLA-C alleles and to determine novelty of the allele.The full length sequences of HLA-C alleles of the patient and her parents were further analyzed using cloning and haplotype sequencing method. The HLA five loci linked haplotypes and the recombination site were analyzed by family study, meanwhile the full length sequences of the five HLA-C alleles were compared with the IMGT/HLA database by the program BLAST.Results The two haplotypes of the father and mother were a:A*0207-C*010201-B*550201-DRB1*090102-DRQ1*030302 and b:A*240201-C*120202-B*5201-DRB1*1502-DRQ1*0601, c:A*300101-C*060201-B*130201-DRB1*0405-DRQ1*0401 and d:A*110101-C*070201-B*4001-DRB1*080302-DRQ1*0601,respectively.The two brothers inherited their parent′s haplotypes a, d and b, c respectively.The two haplotypes of the patient were the maternal c and paternal recombinant a/b haplotype.The recombinant a/b haplotype A*240201-C*new-B*550201-DRB1*090102-DRQ1*030302, A*240201 came from the paternal haplotype b,while B*550201-DRB1*090102-DRQ1*030302 came from the other paternal haplotype a.When comparing the full length sequences of the HLA-C new allele with the father′s allele C*010201 and C*120202, it could deduce that the recombinant a/b haplotype derived from a recombination event occurring between the paternal chromosome 6 during meiosis.The crossover site was between genomic nt273 and nt330 of HLA-C alleles, which created a HLA-C new allele and the fifth haplotype of the family, and inherited it to the patient.The full length sequences of the new allele had been submitted to Genbank, and officially named C*0121 by WHO nomenclature committee.Conclusion This study demonstrates a rare inter-allelic recombination event occurring in the HLA-C locus within a Chinese Han family and illustrates the process of novel allele and haplotype, and provides direct theory for further studying the mechanisms of gene recombination and HLA polymorphism.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of perioperative coagulation dysfunction in neonates with gastrointestinal surgery.Methods Coagulation indexs, including plasma prothrombin time (PT), partial activated thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and plasma fibrinogen (Fib), were collected retrospectively from June 2002 to April 2016 in gastrointestinal neonatal surgery, as well as perioperative clinical data and the perioperative coagulation dysfunction associated risk factors were analyzed.Results There were 158 cases with abnormal coagulation indexs within 4 hours after operation, including 61 cases of mild abnormalities and 97 cases of obvious abnormalities.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative pneumonia (OR=2.880, 95%CI 1.417-5.852), perioperative low calcium (OR=2.381, 95%CI 1.167-4.857) and invasive puncture catheter (OR=2.490, 95%CI 1.299-4.773) were independent risk factors for neonatal coagulation index abnormality within 4 hours after surgery (P<0.05).Conclusion In the perioperative management, pneumonia should be actively treated, correcting hypocalcemia and choosing concentrations of less than 6.25 U/ml of heparin solution or normal saline careing arteriovenous catheter reduces the occurrence of neonatal postoperative coagulation dysfunction.

Background:Intrahepatic cholestasis is a commonly seen clinical manifestation, and often accompanied with jaundice.Study on clinical characteristics of patients with different degrees of jaundice is helpful for the acknowledge of intrahepatic cholestasis.Aims:To explore the clinical characteristics of intrahepatic cholestasis with jaundice.Methods:General data, biochemistry parameters, etiology and treatment of 703 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Jaundice occurred in 168 patients (23.9%), including 149 mild jaundice, 15 moderate jaundice and 4 severe jaundice.Levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, DBIL, TBIL, ratio of DBIL/TBIL, TBA were significantly increased in jaundice group than in non-jaundice group (P<0.05).Levels of ALT, AST, DBIL, TBIL, TBA were statistically different between groups with different degrees of jaundice (P<0.05), however, no significant differences in ALP, GGT, ratio of DBIL/TBIL were seen (P>0.05).The main etiology of intrahepatic cholestasis were digestive system tumors, cardiovascular diseases, shock, hematologic diseases and primary biliary cholangitis.Ursodeoxycholic acid and S-ademetionine were the main drugs for treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis.Conclusions:For patients with intrahepatic cholestasis, levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT are increased with the development of jaundice, and attention on damage of hepatocytes should be paid.The etiology of intrahepatic cholestasis with jaundice involves diseases of different organs and systems, most of them are malignant tumor, cardiovascular diseases, shock and primary biliary cholangitis.

BACKGROUND: Chinese herbs of common yam rhizome, balsampear fruit and bagasse fiber have good effects on decreasing blood glucose and lipid, but its mechanism is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of compound preparation of common yam rhizome and balsampear fruit on blood glucose, lipid, blood insulin and anti-infection of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Technological Developing Center, Pharmacological Department, Experimental Animal Center, and Central Laboratory of Guangdong Medical College.MATERIALS: A total of 80 female SD rats with 4 months old and of SPF grade were selected in this study. Flumamine (Jilin Dongbeiya Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., batch number: 040126); total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TG) (Beijing Zhongsheng Biotechnological Co. Ltd.); Surestep Life scan blood glucose meter and test paper (Johnson Company, USA); insulin radio-immunity kit (Shanghai Navy Medical Institute); UV-3010 ultraviolet spectrophotometer (Japan Shimadzu); compound preparation of common yam rhizome and balsampear fruit (Technological Developing Center of Guangdong Medical College, batch number: 040321); suspension was extracted from common yam rhizome, balsampear fruit and dietary fiber of bagasse through water with 1 kg/L raw materials.METHODS: Animal breeding and samples collecting were carried out in the Experimental Animal Center and Technological Developing Central Laboratory of Guangdong Medical College from June 2004 to December 2005; meanwhile, detection of marker was carried out in the Pharmacological Department and Central Laboratory of Guangdong Medical College. ①Twenty rats were randomly selected as normal control group and perfused with 5 mL/kg saline every day. Other 60 rats were perfused with 5 mL/kg fat emulsion once a day for 4 weeks, and then, rats were fasted for 12hours and peritoneally injected with 2 g/L streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Rats in normal control group were peritoneally injected with the same volume of citromalic acid buffer. Three days later, blood glucose was measured ranomly and measured again after 2 weeks. If level of blood glucose was igher than 13.5 mmol/L or urinal glucose was ＞ ++ for two weeks, the models were successful (n=48). ② According to random lot method, 48 rats were divided into three groups: model group, flumamine group and comound preparation group with 16 in each group. Rats in model group were perfused with 5 mL/kg fat emulsion; moreover, rats in flumamine groupr and compound preparation group were perfused with 5 mL/kg fat emulsion and then with 1 mg/kg flumamine and 5 mL/kg compound preparation including 1 kg/L raw drug, respectively. Rats in normal control group were perfused with 5 mL/kg saline. All rats in each group were perfused once a day for 6 weeks in total. ③ Value of blood glucose was measured at one day before the experiment finished. Twelve hours after fasting, level of plasma insulin was measured with radio-immunity method; levels of plasma total protein and albumin were measured with spectrophotography; levels of TG, TC and HDL-C were measured with the related kits. ④ Measurement data were compared with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Levene's test was firstly used to evaluate regularity of variance. Bonferroni test was used for regular variance; however, Tamhane's T2 was used.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of compound preparation on levels of blood glucose, insulin, lipid and plasma protein of rats with type 2 DM.RESULTS: Twelve rats were lost because of failure in modeling, and 4rats in model group and 2 in flumamine group died during the experiment,respectively. Therefore, 62 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Measurement of fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin: Value of fasting blood glucose in normal control group was lower than that in other three groups (t=2.673-4.224, P ＜ 0.05-0.01), but level of plasma insulin was higher than that in other three groups (t=3.780-5.824, P ＜ 0.05-0.01).Fasting insulin in model group was lower than that in compound prepara tion group (t=2.825, P ＜ 0.05); fasting blood glucose was higher than that in flumamine group and compound preparation group (t=3.906, 3.056, P ＜ 0.05); * level of insulin in flumamine group was lower than that in compound preparation group (t=3.014, P ＜ 0.05); level of fasting blood glucose in flumamine group was close to that in compound preparation group (P ＞ 0.05). ② Measurement of lipid: Levels of TC and TG in normal control group were lower than those in other three groups, but level of HDL-C was higher than that in other three groups (t=2.521-4.892, P ＜ 0.05-0.01).Plasma TC in model group was higher than that in flumamine group and compound preparation group (t=2.466-2.512, P ＜ 0.05), value of TG was higher than that in compound preparation group (t=2.612, P ＜ 0.05), and level of HDL-C was lower than that in compound preparation group (t =3.688, P ＜ 0.05). Plasma TG in flumamine group was higher than that in compound preparation group (t=2.620, P ＜ 0.05). ③ Measurement of plasma protein: Levels of plasma total protein were close to each other (P ＞ 0.05). Plasma albumin in normal control group was higher than that in model group and flumamine group (t=3.773, 3.104, P ＜ 0.05), but that was close to that in compound preparation group (P ＞ 0.05). Ratio between albumin and globulin in normal oln that in other groups (t=2.830-3.056, P ＜ 0.05). Level of plasma albumin and ratio between albumin and globulin were lower in model group than those in compound preparation group (t=2.604, 3.808, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Compound preparation can decrease levels of blood glucose and lipid, increase content of insulin, and improve anti-infection ability of rats with type 2 DM.

Objective To explore the ideal living states and expectations of the elderly residing in Chengdu city,Sichuan Province and the most favorite pension system they want.To provide a theoretical basis for our country to build a suitable pension system and improve the quality of life and happiness of the elderly.Methods Qualitative-quantitative combined methods and convenient sampling were used in this study.The qualitative data with semi-structured in-depth interviews had been obtained from the selected 40 elderly who live in Chengdu,while the quantitative data with the questionnaires were obtained from other 130 elderly.Results Family location,gender,educational background,age had impact on the expected pension system of the elderly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Different elderly have different expectation on the pension system,the current pension system should be reformed according to their expectations.

AIM: To establish the hyperlipemic rat model by long-term gastric perfusion of intralipid and investigate the effects of hyperlipidemia on bone. METHODS: Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into control group (C) and high-fat-diet group (HDF), with 9 rats per group. Rats of C group were treated orally with normal saline, and rats in HDF group were oral gavage of intralipid at dose of 5.0 mL/kg, once a day for 20 weeks. At the end of experiment, their serum levels of lipid were measured. Bone histomorphometric analysis of thighbone was performed in undecalcified sections, and the length and width of ulnar were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the C group, serum TC and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were increased (P

BACKGROUND:Epithelial cel s are commonly used as the seed cel in tissue engineering;however, there is stil a lack of an effective in vivo noninvasive trace technology. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of labeling canine oral epithelial cel s with ultrasmal superparamagnetie iron oxide (USPIO) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vitro. METHODS:Oral epithelial cel s from beagles were primary cultured, and then labeled by 0.75 mg/L poly-L-lysine combined with USPIO (0, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L), respectively. To determine the optimal dosage, the intracel ular iron expression was identified by Prussian blue staining, and the cel viability in different groups was detected by cel counting kit-8. Final y, 2×105 labeled cel s were suspended with 1 mL PBS buffer, and were screened using 3.0 T MR on T2*WI sequences in vitro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:USPIO prepared with 0.75 mg/L poly-L-lysine could successful y label dog oral epithelial cel s. Prussian blue staining showed intracel ular blue spots, and the intracel ular blue spots became more with the concentration increasing and saturated at the concentration of 25 mg/L. Cel counting kit-8 indicated that the cel viability did not change when the concentration<25 mg/L. Among the T2*WI sequences, the MRI signal intensity decreased with the concentration increasing. In conclusion, canine oral epithelial cel s can be effectively labeled with USPIO making no impact on cel viability when the concentration<25 mg/L, and MRI can be used to track these labeled cel s in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effect of bipolar coagulation hemostasis on ovarian function in patients with laparoscopic ovarian endometriosis cyst stripping.Methods From January 2015 to February 2016, 88 cases of ovarian endometriosis cyst were selected by using the random number table method.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group,44 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with bipolar coagulation hemostasis,and the control group was treated with endoscopic suturing.The luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2 ),sinus follicle number(FO )and ovarian stroma systolic blood flow velocity peak preoperation,postoperation and postoperative 6 months were detected.Results The E2 levels in the observation group postoperation and postoperative 6 months were (190.03 ±30.88 )pmol/L and (179.82 ± 29.94)pmol/L,which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(230.04 ±32.22 )pmol/L and (232.49 ±28.41)pmol/L,t =5.947,9.465,all P <0.05].The FSH levels in the observation group postoperation and postoperative 6 months were (12.01 ±2.10)mIU /mL and (12.09 ±1.99)mIU /mL,which were significantly higher than those in the control group[(9.20 ±2.08)mIU /mL and (9.18 ±1.10)mIU /mL,t =6.306,8.489,all P <0.05].The LH levels in the observation group postoperation and postoperative 6 months were (9.93 ±1.73)mIU /mL and (9.81 ±1.78)mIU /mL,which were significantly higher than those in the control group[(8.94 ±1.80)mIU /mL and (9.03 ±1.91)mIU /mL,t =2.630,1.982,P <0.05].The FO levels in the observation group postoperation and postoperative 6 months were (7.60 ±1.85)and (8.81 ±1.23),which were significantly lower than those in the control group[(8.77 ±1.90)and (9.43 ±1.44),t =2.927,2.172,all P <0.05].The PSV levels in the observation group postoperation and postoperative 6 months were (0.07 ±0.02)m/s and (0.09 ±0.01)m/s,which were signifi-cantly lower than those in the control group[(0.09 ±0.01)m/s and (0.12 ±0.01)m/s,t =5.933,14.071,all P <0.05].The ovarian reserve function in the observation group decreased in 6 cases(13.64%),which in the control group was 5 cases(11.36%),the difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05).Conclusion The application of different hemostatic methods in laparoscopic ovarian endometriosis cyst stripping have effect on ovarian reserve function,but bipolar coagulation and hemostasis can significantly decrease ovarian reserve function,and it should be used as little as possible during the operation.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of extraction and nonextraction in soft tissue profile repair. METHODS: Databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP Chinese Periodical Database, CBM, Medline (ovid) and Science direct had been searched for studies of soft tissue profile after orthodontic treatment with and without extractions published in recent decade, with orthodontics, corrective, tooth extraction, soft tissue profile as key words. Hand searching was also done to obtain any further information about the studies. Meta analysis was used to comprehensively quantitatively analyze the upper (lower) lip with esthetic plane and soft tissue plane before and after extraction and nonextraction treatment. According to homogeneity test, fixed effect model and random effect model were adopted to calculate weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% Cl).Revman 5.0 was used for data management. RESULTS: Five studies with 356 patients were included. Homogeneity test showed that lower lip-esthetic line and lower lip-soft tissue line Ⅰ~2 < 50%, without heterogeneity, so fixed effect model was adopted. Upper lip-esthetic line and upper lip-soft tissue line were more than 50%, indicating heterogeneity, so random effect model was adopted. Result of meta-analysis showed that, the WMD value and 95% Cl of lower lip-esthetic line, lower lip-soft tissue line, and upper lip-soft tissue line has statistically significance. CONCLUSION: The extraction treatment significantly decreased the distance of lower lip-esthetic line, lower lip-soft tissue line, and upper lip-soft tissue line.