The extensive use of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has significantly reduced the risk of severity and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most studies evaluated the efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 among young and healthy groups, while the application effectiveness in elderly group still needs further discussion. In this paper, Medline, Web of science, Chinese Science Citation Database and Pubmed were searched for relevant literature published as of May 30, 2023using the keywords. We analyzed the safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in older adults, and discussed the effects of several vaccination strategies like booster, hybrid immunity and heterologous inoculation, so as to develop vaccines reasonably according to the characteristics of the elderly and formulate vaccination strategies suitable for the elderly.

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride injection combined with safflower injection on TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway and T cell subsets in mononuclear cells of patients with organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Methods 80 cases of organophosphate poisoning patients from June 2014 to June 2016 in onglu first people's hospital were selected,randomly divided into control group and observation group, the control group was treated with penehyclidine hydrochloride,observation group were treated with Honghua injection based on the treatment of control group. The effects were compared between two groups of TLRs/NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells pathway and T cell subsets in peripheral blood, and compared two groups of patients with cholinesterase activity. Results On the third,fifth and 7th day of treatment,cholinesterase activity in both groups was higher than that before treatment,the activity of cholinesterase in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).After treatment,compared with before treatment,the levels of TLR2,TLR4 and NF-κB in the two groups were significantly decreased,and TLR2,TLR4,NF-κB levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),Th17,Th17/Treg levels in the observation group were significantly lower,and lower than the control group,Treg content was significantly higher,and higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride injection combined with safflower injection can help to reduce Th17,Th17/Treg levels,increased Treg cell content,regulate the inflammatory response, and promote recovery of cholinesterase activity.

AIM: To understand the expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) and explore its effect on the motility and invasion ability of breast cancer cell lines. METHODS: ① CD73 mRNA expression was analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Surface CD73 activity in breast carcinoma cell lines was measured by HPLC according to the conversion of E-AMP to E-ADO. ② Plasmid pcDNA-NT5E was transfected into human low metastatic breast cancer cell line T47D with lipofectinamine2000. CD73 mRNA expression was detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR and surface CD73 activity was determined by HPLC before and after transfection. The effect of pcDNA-NT5E transfection on motility and invasion ability was observed by in vitro invasion assay. RESULTS: ① The RNA expression and enzyme activity of CD73 were variable in different breast cancer cell lines. ② The transfect-T47D overexpressed CD73 at mRNA level and with high enzyme activity. Constitutively active CD73 drove cells transmembrane and invasion into matrigel. Promotion effects were statistically significant (P

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of serum concentration of caffeic acid in rats and which was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of caffeic acid. METHODS: The concentrations of caffeic acid in rats were determined after intragastric (ig) administration or intravenous (iv) administration of 50 mg?kg-1 caffeic acid and the pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeic acid analyzed by Topfit 2.0. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeic acid after ig administration of caffeic acid were as follows: Cmax: (0.56?0.12) ?g?mL-1; tmax: (0.18?0.04) h; t1/2: (0.67?0.12) h; ke: (1.05?0.20) h-1; AUC(0～t): (0.34?0.05) ?g?h?mL-1. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeic acid via iv administration were as follows: t1/2: (0.45?0.05) h; ke: (1.55?0.18) h-1; AUC(0～t): (9.07?2.24) ?g?h?mL-1. CONCLUSION: Administered intragastrically, caffeic acid was characterized by rapid absorption, short elimination half life (t1/2) and low absolute bioavailability in rats.

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has been confirmed to be effective in treating Parkinson disease both clinically and experimentally, but there is still lack of systematical and complete therapeutic principle and law to be followed in clinic.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence on glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA)and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in corpus striatum of the damaged side in rat models of Parkinson disease by acupuncture at subthalamus.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the Experimental Animal Center of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to June in 2003. Eighteen healthy adult Wistar rats of pure breed were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 rats in each:electroacupuncture group, model group and normal saline group.METHODS: ① Model group: The rats were made into models of Parkinson disease with damaged corpus striatum by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 12 μg), which was dissolved in 5 μL normal saline containing 2 g/L ascorbic acid, slowly into caudal putamen. without intervention. ②Normal saline group: 6-OHDA was replaced by normal saline of the same dosage, and other treatments were the same as those in the model group. ③ Electroacupuncture group: The model preperation was the same as that in the model group. The needles were embedded in subthalamus at 6 weeks postoperatively, and then electroacupuncture (in frequency of 100 Hz, and the intensity about 1 mA) was given one week later for 2 weeks, once a day,15 minutes for each time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All the rats were killed by cutting heads to remove brain under anesthesia at 2 weeks after electroacupuncture, and the activities of GSH, GSH-Px, SOD and NOS and the concentration of MDA were detected with chromatometry.RESULTS: All the 18 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① MDA concentration was higher in the model group and electroacupuncture group than in the normal saline group [(5.53±0.71),(4.10±0.27), (5.53±0.71) μmol/L, P ＜ 0.01], but lower in the electroacupuncture group than in the model group (P ＜ 0.05). ② The activities of GSH and GSH-Px were both lower model group and electroacupuncture group than in the normal saline group (P ＜ 0.01), but lower in the electroacupuncture group than in the model group (P ＜ 0.05).③ The activity of SOD was higher in the model group and electroacupuncture group than in the normal saline group [(113.36±2.17),(73.85±5.17), (42.34±1.83) μkat/g, P ＜ 0.01], but lower in the electroacupuncture group than in the model group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The anti-oxidation capability of the rat models of Parkinson disease has been recovered and the nerve injury has been reduced after acupuncture, indicating that it is available and effective to treat Parkinson disease by acupuncture at subthalamus.

Tear is a complex fluid mainly secreted by lacrimal gland.It is a complex body fluid,which may contain thousands of protein/peptides and other molecules.Studies have determined that the changes in the chemical compositions of tears play an important role in some diseases and their progression.Tear components including protein,lipid and metabolites,which is easy to be obtained,not only can be used for biomarkers,can also be used to study an eye the onset of systemic disease process.Measuring the changes in composition of tear may be used to determine the critical path of the disease development,provide a new possibility for prevention and treatment.This article reviews the ophthalmic applications of tear markers in the systemic disease,which has not been determined so far.

Inflammasome is a multi-protein complex which plays an important role in innate immune defense,and can adjust the activation of caspase-1 and promote the production of cytokines. NLRP3 is an important member of inflammasome Nod-like receptor(NLR)family,and its activation and expression occur mainly in macrophages and dendritic cells. NLRP3 can sense the pathogen associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)and damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)and initiate the inherent immune response,which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This article reviewed the advances in study on NLRP3 in autoimmune diseases.

[Summary] To investigate the difference in serum pigment epithelium-derived factor ( PEDF) among type 2 diabetic patients before and after use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors linagliptin for treatment, and to explore the correlation of serum PEDF with lipids, body mass index, and HbA1C . 39 patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled. Baseline weight, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C , serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C) , and PEDF measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay were determined both in the diabetic and control subject. The treatment group was treated with oral linagliptin 5 mg/d for six month, serum PEDF and clinical parameters were determined in the diabetic group during 6 months of treatment. ( 1 ) PEDF levels were found to be comparable with the controls ( P=0. 584);LDL-C and waist circumference showed positive correlation with PEDF(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). (2) PEDF level was significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes after linagliptin treatment [(3. 21 ± 1. 91 vs 2. 45 ± 1.53)μg/ml,P<0.01]. SerumPEDFlevelinpatientswithtype2diabeteswassimilartothatofhealthycontrolswith associated LDL-C and waist circumference. After linagliptin treatment, serum PEDF level was raised, suggesting that it may have certain protective effect for diabetic vascular complications.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Acanthopanax Senticosus polysaccharides (ASPS) on TLR4 signaling pathway in Lewis tumor-bearing mice,and to explore the immunomodulatory mechanism of ASPS.Methods:Lewis lung carcinoma cells and C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the animal model for solid tumor.The tumor-bearing mice were divided into five groups:normal saline (NS) group,Adriamycin (ADM) group,ASPS low-dose group,ASPS middle-dose group and ASPS high-dose group.Mter 25 d treatment,the weight of tumor,tumor inhibition rate and immune organ index were measured.ELISA were applied to detected the cytokines in peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice.Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) and Western blot were selectively used to detect the gene and protein expression of TLR4 signaling pathway in splenocytes.Results:The tumor inhibition rate,immune organ index and the secretion of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were increased by ASPS,compared with NS group (P＜0.05).The gene and protein expression of TLR4,MyD88,TRAF6,NF-κB p65 and AP-1 were also induced by ASPS (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,ASPS had no obvious effects on the secretion of IL-12p70 and the expression of TRAM (P＞0.05).Conclusion:TLR4 signaling pathway may be involved in the immunomodulatory effects of ASPS on Lewis tumor-bearing mice.

Objective To propose a new N staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines for cervical lymph node levels.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 324 patients with newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had no distant metastasis confirmed by pathology and received IMRT in the Department of Radiation Oncology in The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2010 to December 2011.They were restaged according to the 7thedition of UICC/AJCC staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used for univariate prognostic analysis.The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results Of 324 patients,269(83.0%) had lymph node metastasis.The median follow-up was 58 months (6-77 months).The 5-year overall survival,disease-free survival,relapse-free survival,and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 84.8%,77.1%,92.7%,and 80.5%,respectively.Univariate and multivariate analyses of patients with positive cervical lymph nodes revealed that retropharyngeal lymph node status,cervical lymph node level,and laterality were evaluated as independent prognostic factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.According to the hazard ratio calculated,the N staging system was revised as follows:N0:no regional lymph node metastasis;N1:VⅡ a or/and unilateral levels (I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Va) involvement;N2:bilateral levels (I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Va) involvement;N3:levels IVa,Vb,and IVb+Vc involvement.Conclusions The proposed N staging system is based on IMRT and RTOG guidelines for lymph node levels and more practical,and can provide highly objective prediction of outcome and guide treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.