Objective To understand the cognitive function of the patientwith acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Guangxi are.MethodEighty caseof AIDconfirmed by laboratory in the Nanning Fourth People′Hospital were selected athe patientgroup ;athe same time 88 individualwithouthe dangeroubehaviorwithin 3 monthwhich could cause human im-munodeficiency virus(HIV) infection and with negative anti-HIV antibody detection were selected from the accompanying family memberathe control group .The Chinese translation version of the Montreal cognitive assessmenscale (MoCA) waadopted to conducthe investigation and evaluation on the cognition function in the two group.ResultThe total score span in the patientgroup wa2-29 pointwith the average of (20 .04 ± 6 .13) point,of normal cognitive function and 48 cases(60 .00% ) of cognitive impairmen;the total score span in the control group wa17-29 pointwith the average of (25 .02 ± 2 .98) point,of normal cogni-tive function and 6 cases(6 .82% ) of cognitive impairmen.The scoreof MoCtotal score ,visual and execution ,naming ,delayed recall ,attention ,abstraction and orientation in the patientgroup were lowethan those in the control group ,the differencebetween the two groupwere statistically significan(P＜0 .01) .The personnel distribution and proportion in the variouscore segmenta-tionhad statistical differencebetween the two group(P＜0 .05) .The factorof gende,age and educational level were performed the Logistiregression analysi,the resultshowed thaonly the educational level wathe influencing facto.Conclusion Differendegreeof cognitive impairmenexisin the AIDpatientand the educational level may be factoaffecting the scale score .

BACKGROUND:Currently, there are few reports on the effects of Caspase inhibitors combined with Cocktail protease inhibitors on isolation and purification of islet cel s. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Caspase inhibitors and Cocktail protease as protectors on islet cel s during isolation and purification process. METHODS:New-born pigs were selected to separate, purify and culture the islet cel s, and after 24 hours of culture, the specimens were divided into three groups:blank control group, experimental group A (Caspase inhibitors and Cocktail protease were added only during digestion process), and experimental group B (Caspase inhibitors and Cocktail protease were added both during digestion and culture processes). AO-EB staining was used to qualitatively observe cel morphology and apoptosis. Flow cytometry was employed to quantitatively detect cel viability and apoptosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Percentages ofβcel s were 66.91%in blank control group, 84.58%in the experimental group A, and 87.15%in the experimental group B. The proportions of living cel s, apoptotic cel s and dead cel s were 56.52%, 16.15%, 21.25%in the blank control group, 62.27%, 14.66%, 14.47%in the experimental group A, and 73.09%, 6.83%, 10.28%in the experimental group B, respectively. These findings indicate that in the process of digestion and culture in vitro, Caspase inhibitors and Cocktail protease inhibitors can both obviously decrease the loss of cel s, and increase the percentage of islet beta cel s.

Objective To investigate clinical effects of early postoperative oral enteral nutrition on immune function for colorectal cancer patients,to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods We selected 90 colorec-tal cancer surgery patients from January 2012 to April 2015,and they were divided into two groups by random number method.50 cases in the study group were given early oral enteral nutrition,and 40 patients in the control group were given postoperative parenteral nutrition.Before and after treatment,the quality of life,complications,immunology indi-cators,nutrition indicators were compared in two groups.Results In the observation group,the postoperative fever, exhaust time,hospital stay,hospital costs,quality of life scores were (54.29 ±5.76)h,(57.89 ±5.95)h,(10.48 ± 1.63)d,(41 432.85 ±2 165.46)RMB,(79.23 ±5.17)points,which were significantly lower than those in the con-trol group,the differences were statistically significant (t =8.69,P =0.00;t =8.61,P =0.00;t =9.49,P =0.00;t =5.54,P =0.00;t =4.16,P =0.01);7d after the treatment,the IgA,IgG,IgM,CD +4 ,CD +4 /CD +8 in observation group were (1.92 ±0.49)g/L,(11.31 ±2.24)g/L,(0.99 ±0.21)g/L,(41.21 ±5.51)%,(1.72 ±0.32),which were better than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =2.05,P =0.04;t =2.11, P =0.04;t =2.12,P =0.04;t =3.64,P =0.01;t =2.23,P =0.03).In observation group,postoperative 7d Hb, TRF,ALB,PAB were (113.28 ±13.36)g/L,(3.02 ±0.39)mg/L,(38.97 ±3.15)g/L,(333.15 ±18.35)mg/L, which were better than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =3.45,P =0.01;t =2.18,P =0.03;t =2.32,P =0.04;t =3.21,P =0.01).7d after operation,the CRP level of observation group was(7.29 ±2.05)mg/L,which was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically sig-nificant (t =4.22,P =0.01 ).The incidence rate of postoperative complications in the observation group was 26.00%,that of the control group was 40.00%,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.52,P =0.01). Conclusion Early oral enteral nutrition in patients with colorectal cancer will help to improve immune function, nutritional support,reduce the inflammatory response,which will help postoperative recovery.

BRICS has been dealing with the problem of increase in the number of the patients who require an-tiretroviral therapy and this therapy’s price-rise by promoting medicine to domestic production and reducing the impor-ted drug price. This paper reviewed the situation of BRICS HIV epidemic and prevention, anti-retroviral therapy drugs production and supply, drug security policy and strategy, and the following seven recommendations are straight forwarded to China based on the BRICS AIDS antiretroviral treatment coverage strategic comparison:(1) The estab-lishment of an ARV drugs co-ordination mechanism;(2) The reduction of the drug patent licenses while increasing the domestic generic drugs possibility;(3)Negotiations with the original research process of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises to obtain a voluntary license or speed up the technology transfer;(4) The use of antitrust laws to promote access to medicines for a voluntary license pharmacy localization; ( 5 ) If necessary, starting the compulsory medi-cines licensing to achieve localization;(6) Reducing the drug prices by bargain and negotiation;and (7) Strengthe-ning NGO built-in capacity.

AIM: To explore the way and the feasible time of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplanting to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats, and to investigate the migration of OECs after transplanted to EAE and the possible mechanism of inducing the protective effect. METHODS: The Lewis rats, which were divided into MOG group and GPSCH group according to the induction by MOG~Igd and GPSCH separately, were used to made EAE model. The animals in MOG group were divided into 3 subsets: OECs blank group (MOG0 group, 4 rats );OECs transplantation by vena caudalis (MOG1 group, 7 rats);OECs transplantation by lateral cerebral ventricle (MOG2 group, 4 rats). The animals in GPSCH group were also divided into 2 subsets: OECs blank group (GPSCH0 group, 4 rats);OECs transplanted by vena caudalis (GPSCH1 group, 4 rats). OECs transplanted through different ways in peak incidence, then the rats were measured to determine whether the symptom was ameliorated. Two weeks after transplantion, the rats were killed and the methods of histofluorescence and histopathology (HE staining and Luxol fast blue staining) were used to examine the distribution of the labeled OECs in EAE rats' bodies and to explore whether there was some amelioration in histology. RESULTS: After OECs transplantation by vena caudalis or lateral cerebral ventricle, the rats' symptom improved. Compared to OECs blank groups, there was significant difference in clinical scores (F=18.470, P<0.01;t=-7.147, P<0.01). No significant difference between MOG1 group and MOG2 group was observed (P>0.05). The labeled OECs entered into the brain through the broken blood-brain-barrier after transplantation by vena caud-alis, the labeled OECs near the subpial area and around the lesions were found. OECs transplantation by the way of lateral cerebral ventricle showed great migration potential, the cells moved towards to the lesions extensively. No significant difference between OECs transplantation group and OECs blank group in histopathology (HE staining and LFB staining) was observed (P>0.05), and the same thing also happened between MOG1 group and MOG2 group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The transplantation of adult rats' OECs improves the EAE rats' symptom at some degree by the ways of vena caudalis or lateral cerebral ventricle.

To study the level of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in serum and the expression of MIF mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue,and to investigate its impact on insulin resistance and islet β-cell dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).120 pregnancy women from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College and Taian Central Hospital were enrolled,including 60 GDM women and 60 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).The serum MIF in GDM group was higher than that of NGT group [(3.58±1.02 vs 1.23±0.62) ng/ml,P<0.01].Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that body mass index was an independent affective factor of the serum levels of MIF (r2 =0.516).The serum levels of MIF and the expressions of MIF mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were significantly higher in GDM group than NGT group.MIF may contribute to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in GDM.Body mass index seems to be an independent factor in affecting the serum levels of MIF.

Ethnic medicine is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine and excellent traditional culture. New products of ethnic medicine are important application form to play therapeutic advantages of ethnic medicine, whose research and development should focus on the maintenance of characteristics of ethnic medicine. From the perspective of the research and development of ethnic medicine, this article discussed research ideas in the development of new products of ethnic medicine and put forward that attention should be paid to the experience on using the ethnic medicine, related literature studies, and ethnic medicine resource protection and utilization as well. In addition, this article put forward the research tactics in new products of ethnic medicine, such as medicinal materials, effective parts, active ingredients, the secondary development research and so on, with a purpose of improving the level of researching and developing new products of ethnic medicine.

Objective To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL)children combined with white matter (WM)lesions in order to provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods With referral to the Department of Pediatrics,Peking University First Hospital from November 201 1 to De-cember 201 5,documents of 78 patients of CSNHL combined with WMlesions were collected and analyzed for the clini-cal and imaging characteristics.Results Bilateral severe -profound hearing loss existed in all 78 cases,48.1 %(25 /52 cases)of the patients exhibited gross motor development delay,98.1 %(51 /52 cases)of them had normal cognition development.One hundred percent (61 /61 cases)of patients had abnormal language development.Infection occurring during pregnancy existed in 21 .2%(1 1 /52 cases)of the patients,the premature and smaller for the gestational age in-fants accounted for 28.9% (1 5 /52 cases).The bilateral multiple WMlesions from the brain MRI were in dot to flake sizes with sharp boundary,the intensity of T1 -weighted imaging decreased,T2 -weighted imaging and fluid attenuated inversion recovery increased.Eighty -two point one percent (64 /78 cases)of the patients were found to have the periventricular and subcortical WM involvement.The most frequently affected periventricular region was the posterior horn (91 .9%,68 /74 cases),followed by the anterior horn and temporal horn,and the least with the body involvement. The former three had a combined lesion tendency (55.4% -68.9%).There was an extensive involvement in the sub-cortical WMof parietal,frontal,temporal and occipital lobes respectively(73.5% -88.2%).Subcortical WM involve-ment of multiple lobes was common (accounted for 67.6% -77.9%).The enlargement of bilateral ventricles existed in 37.2%(29 /78 cases)of the patients and cystic changes in the subcortical WM of anterior temporal lobe could be found in 9.0% (7 /78 cases)patients.Calcification in 2 CT cases was reported.Corpus callosum and basal ganglia of all cases were normal.For cases with MRI scans more than once,WMlesions of 96.0%(24 /25 cases)patients became silent or self -restored.Conclusions The clinical presentations of CSNHL combined with WM lesions are mild,not paralleled with their multiple foci.It is considered as demyelination or a delay of myelination.Due to its benign course, it is probably not the contraindication for the cochlear implantation.

Objective To observe the changes of abdominal oxygen saturation in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI)with feeding intolerance (FI)within 1 4 days after birth monitored by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).Methods VLBWI fitting entry criteria were enrolled into this study.NIRS monitoring was carried out to detect cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2 )and abdominal oxygen saturation (SsO2 ).Data were analyzed between FI infants and feeding tolerance (FT)infants.FI was defined as follows:gastric residual of more than 50% of the previous feeding volume;emesis or abdominal distention or both;decrease,delay or discontinuation of enteral feedings. Results 93 VLBWI were enrolled.52 cases(55.91 %)presented with FI,including 29 cases(31 .1 9%)of gastric residual increasing and 23 cases(24.73%)of emesis with or without abdominal distention within 1 4 days after birth. The levels of SsO2 and SsO2 /ScO2 showed no differences in infants with FT and with FI within 24h after birth (P >0.05).The change rates of the median of SsO2 and SsO2 /ScO2 in FT infants were similar during 1 4 days (P >0.05).While both the change rates of SsO2 and SsO2 /ScO2 were markedly decreased 1 day before and the day of FI (P <0.01 ).The decreasing degree of SsO2 was similar between infants with gastric residual increasing and infants with emesis with or without abdominal distention[(1 6.2 ±5.1 )vs (1 7.4 ±3.6)%,t =0.733,P =0.476]. Conclusion Abdominal oxygen saturation measured by NIRS may be a useful method for infants adjusting the feeding plan.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on inflammation and fibrosis between endogenous nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) in diabetic glomerular cells.METHODS ① In vivo,spontaneous diabetic C57/BL6 mice and wild C57/BL6 mice were divided into two groups.When blood glucose was above (34.2±1.9) mmol· L-1,renal histology of diabetic mice became obvious.The protein expressions of Nampt and nuclear transcription factors-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65),silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and BMP7 were analyzed by lengths of immunofluorescence.② In vitro,rats' glomerular cells HBZY-1 were incubated with glucose 200 mmol· L-1 for different lengths of time (0,24,48 and 72 h) and at different concentrations of NMN (0,50,100 and 200 iμmol· L-1).The protein levels of Nampt and BMP7 were detected by Western blotting and the protein expressions of NF-κB p65 and α-SMA were measured by immunofluorescence assay.The protein levels of Nampt,BMP7 and NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blotting after HBZY-1 cells were treated with NMN 100 μmol· L-1 and FK866 10 μmol· L-1 for 24 h.RESULTS ① In vivo,the glomeruli of diabetic C57/BL6 mice showed obvious atrophy.Fluorescence intensity of Nampt was increased (P＜0.05),but that of BMP7 and SIRT1 in renal glomeruli cells was decreased compared with the wild type (P＜0.01).② In vitro,HBZY-1 cells were cultured in glucose 200 mmol· L-1 for 48 and 72 h.The protein expression of NAMPT was increased,but that of BMP7 was decreased (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Expressions of NF-κB p65 and α-SMA were increased (P＜0.01) by immunofluorescence.The expression of BMP7 was increased after treatment with glucose 200 mmol· L-1,followed by NMN 50,100 and 200 μmol · L-1 for 24 h (P＜0.01).The expressions of NAMPT and NF-κB p65 were decreased (P＜0.01).The expressions of Nampt and NF-κB p65 in glucose 5.6 mmol· L1 +FK866 and glucose 5.6 mmol· L-1+ NMN groups were increased (P＜0.01),but the expression of BMP7 did not change.CONCLUSION Upregulation of endogenous Nampt obviously intervenes in BMP7 expression in the process of glomerular inflammatory fibrosis in severe diabetes.NMN can affect the protein expression of BMP7 via a special Nampt signaling pathway.