Objective To investigate the effect of different explants on emodin contents in the callus of Polygouum cuspidatum by reverse-phase HPLC. Methods The leafs,stems and leaf stalks of Polygouum cuspidatum were used as explants and induce the callus by MS medium containing 6-BA 0.2 mg/L,KT 0.2 mg/Land 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L. The contents of emodin were analyzed by HPLC. The separation was performed on Diamonsil-C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column,using methanol-0.1% H3PO4 (80∶20) as mobile phase,detected at 254 nm. The flow rate was at 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 27 ℃. Results The contents of emodin were 0.709 6,1.680 0 and 0.166 8 mg/g in the callus induced by leafs,stems and leaf stalks. The linear range of emodin was 0.25～5 ?g/mL,r=0.999 85,the average recovery was 101.19% and RSD was 1.20%. Conclusion HPLC method could be used for the contents determination of emodin in Polygouum cuspidatum callus and the contents of emodin was high in the callus induced by stems.

[Objective]To observe the effect of sciatic nerve and femoral nerve resection on heterotopic osteogenesis induced by recombined human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) and discuss role of never innervation on bone regeneration and partial reasons for larger callus after bone fracture accompanying denervation.[Method]A total of 36 male ICR mice were divided into experimental group and control group at random.0.125mg rhBMP-2 /collagen composites were implanted into the right thigh muscle pouches after sciatic nerve and femoral nerve section in the experimental group and after sham operation in the control group.On the 7~(th),14~(th) and 21~(st) day after implantation,roentgenographic,biochemical,histological analyses and osteoclasts TRAP staining were performed to detect the effects of sciatic nerve and femoral nerve resection on bone growth initiated by rhBMP-2.[Result]On the 7~(th),14~(th) and 21~(st) day,wet weight of new bony tissues of the experimental group was obviously greater than that of the control group.Radiography showed range of bone formation in the experimental group was larger than that in the control,but density of new bone was lower than that of the latter.Biochemical detection showed value of AKP of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control on the 7~(th) day,while the content of Ca of the experimental group was higher than that of the control on the 14~(th) day and the content of Ca and P of the experimental group was lower than that of the control on the 21~(st) day.Histological observation showed area of new bone of the experimental group was greater than that of the control,but trabecular bone of the former was sparser than that of the latter.Image analysis of bony tissue showed the relative number of osteoclasts in the experimental group became higher on the 21~(st) day,while volume density and width of bone trabecula in the experimental group were lower than that of the control group.TRAP staining showed osteoclasts in the new bone of the experimental group were more activated than that of the control.[Conclusion]Nerve section results in enhancement of ability of bone regeneration by BMP in the early period,but trabecular bone becomes sparse in the middle and later period because of bone resorption by osteoclasts,which indicates nerve in nervation influences bone regemeration though direct and/or indirect way.

[Objective]To identify the expression of neurotrophic factors(NTFs)and their high affinity receptors(Trk)during the bone induction by recombined human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2)and discuss possible roles of NTFs on the osteoinductive activity of BMP.[Method]After a total of 36 ICR mice were divided into experimental group and control group at random,rhBMP-2/collagen sponge and collagen sponge were implanted into the right thigh muscle pouches of two groups respectively.Tissues in the implanted sites of two groups were removed on the 7~(th),14~(th) and 21~(st) day after implantation.Histological,immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses were performed to detect osteoinductive effect of rhBMP-2 and the expression of NTFs and Trk.[Result]RhBMP-2/collagen sponge displayed a potent ability inducing bone formation,while the expression of NTFs and Trk was observed in the course of osteoinduction by rhBMP-2.Especially on the 7~(th) day in the experimental group,NGF and TrkA positive immunostaining reached the peak in the stage of chondrogenesis,including chondroblasts,chondrocytes,hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts,then decreased in the number of positive cells and the intensity of immunostaining on the 14~(th) and 21~(st) day.BDNF was only observed in chondrocytes and cartilage matrix,and TrkB was expressed in chondroblasts and chondrocytes at the 7~(th) day after implantation.Expression of NT-3 was similar to that of NGF,while TrkC was expressed in chondroblasts and chondrocytes on day 7.Expression level of the mRNA of NTFs peaked at 7 days after the implantation,then decreased,which was nearly coincident with immunohistochemical results.[Conclusion]Many different kinds of cells are induced by rhBMP-2 express NTFs and Trk,which suggests that NTFs may play an important role in the osteogenesis initiated by BMP through direct and indirect pathways.

Objective To explore the role of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3)‐mediated necroptosis in ulcerative colitis (UC ) . Methods The colonic mucosa tissues of eighty‐five patients diagnosed with UC were collected .Disease staging and pathological classification of UC patients were evaluated according to Mayo standard and Truelove standard ,respectively .The expressions of RIP3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were detected by immunohistochemistry .The cell inflammation model in HT‐29 cells was induced by interferon (IFN)‐γ.The expression of RIP3 mRNA and interleukin (IL)‐1βmRNA was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) .Twenty healthy individuals were studied as controls .A single factor analysis of variance was performed in the comparison among groups ,and Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis .Results Among 85 patients with UC , 27 cases were mild ,30 cases were moderate and 28 cases were severe;for pathological classification ,26 were gradeⅠ ,31 were gradeⅡ and 28 were grade Ⅲ .The Mayo score was positively correlated with pathological grade (r=0 .997 , P<0 .05) .The expression of RIP3 and TNF‐α in colonic mucosa tissues of UC group increased along with the pathological classification grade .The expression of RIP3 of gradeⅠto Ⅲ was 1 .81 ± 0 .98 ,2 .77 ± 1 .26 and 4 .86 ± 2 .77 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=26 .10 ,P<0 .05) .The expression of TNF‐αof gradeⅠto Ⅲ was 1 .35 ± 0 .69 ,2 .61 ± 1 .41 and 4 .43 ± 2 .17 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=31 .80 ,P<0 .05) .The expression of IL‐1β mRNA of IFN‐γ group ,IFN‐γ+ z‐VAD group and IFN‐γ+z‐VAD+ TNF‐αgroup was 0 .68 ± 0 .27 ,1 .47 ± 0 .12 and 1 .86 ± 0 .16 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=38 .45 , P<0 .05) .The expression of RIP3 mRNA of IFN‐γgroup ,IFN‐γ+z‐VAD group and IFN‐γ+z‐VAD+TNF‐αgroup was 0 .46 ± 0 .13 ,1 .21 ± 0 .29 and 2 .06 ± 0 .20 ,respectively , and the differences were statistically significant (F= 55 .15 , P< 0 .05) .Conclusions TNF‐α/RIP3 signal pathway is up‐regulated in UC .RIP3‐mediated necroptosis promotes the death of colonic epithelial cells and exacerbates inflammatory response .RIP3‐mediated necroptosis may be an important mechanism in UC .

Objective To investigate clinical biologic characteristics and factors that impact prognosis of patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma(FTC).Method Clinical data of 105 FTC patients treated surgically in the Department of Head& Neck,Tianjin Cancer Hospital from 1970 to 1990 was analyzed retrospectively.Results The overall 5-year,10-year and 15-year survival rates of these patients were 85.3％,76.7％ and 72.9％ respectively.The overall 15-year survival rates of patients ≥45 years and those ＜ 45 years were 45.9％,89.8％ respectively.The overall 15-year survival rates of patients with unilateral and bilateral carcinoma was 50.0％,76.2％ respectively.The overall 15-year survival rates of patients with neck lymph node metastasis and without were 54.2％,79.2％ respectively.The overall 15-year survival rates of patients at stage Ⅰ,stage Ⅱ,stageⅢ and stageⅣ were 89.3％,70.0％,45.5％ and 35.3％respectively.During the follow-up period,11 patients were diagnosed with distant metastasis from 1 year to 33 years after surgical treatment and 9 died of cancer within 5 years after diagnosis.Seventeen patients had local recurrence from 3 months to 34 years after surgery and 10 of these patients died of local recurrence.Conclusions The factors influencing prognosis of patients with FTC were age,clinical stage,bilateral carcinoma and neck lymph node metastasis,therefore early treatment and close following-up are essential to improve the prognosis of patients with FTC.

Objective: To investigate the differences of proximal airway structure and CT pulmonary function between steady mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma patients. Methods: Thirty patients with mild-to-moderate COPD (mtmCOPD group), 30 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (mtmAs group) and 30 healthy controls (normal control group) underwent low-dose paired inspiratory and expiratory CT scans and quantitative analysis. The differences of airway parameters, emphysema index and air trapping index were analyzed among 3 groups. Results: The mean lumen area (LA)/ body surface area (BSA) of the proximal airway of both mtmCOPD group and mtmAs group ([10.93±2.58]mm2/m2, [10.81±3.20]mm2/m2) were lower than that of normal control group ([12.56±2.98]mm2/m2), and statistically significant difference was found between mtmAs group and normal control group (P=0.04). The mean WA% of both mtmCOPD group and mtmAs group ([63.02±2.34]%, [63.85±2.48]%) were higher than that of normal control group ([61.55±3.54]%), while statistically significant difference was observed between mtmAs group and normal control group (P<0.01). The paired inspiratory and expiratory VI-910 (%) and VI-950 (%) of mild-to-moderate COPD were higher than those of healthy controls (all P<0.01). The expiratory absolute value of mean lung density (MLD), expiratory VI-856 (%) and MLD E/I of mtmCOPD group were also higher than those of normal control group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in airway structural parameters, emphysema nor air trapping index between mtmCOPD group and mtmAs group. Conclusion: The lumen area of proximal bronchus of mild-to-moderate COPD and asthma patients were both smaller than that of healthy controls to a certain extent. Meanwhile, their percentage of proximal airway wall area were both larger than that of healthy controls, which were more obviously in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma. There were obvious emphysema and air trapping in mild-to-moderate COPD patients than in healthy subjects.

Objective To investigate the application value of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods One hundred and thirty inpatients with CRC in our hospital from February 2015 to November 2016 were selected and divided into 90 cases of CRC confirmed by operation and histopathology(CRC group),including intestinal cancer with and without metastasis,and 40 cases of benign colorectal diseases(colonrectal benign disease group),at the same time 40 persons undergoing physical examination were selected as the healthy control group.The levels of TNF-α,carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 724 were collected in all subjects.The data of various groups were not normally distributed,and the nonparametric statistical method was used to analyze and compare.Results Serum TNF-α level in clinical TNM stage Ⅱ(median 9.47 pg/mL),Ⅲ(9.95 pg/mL) and Ⅳ(9.67 pg/mL) of the CRC group was significantly higher than that in TNM stage Ⅰ(6.59 pg/mL);which in the CRC with metastasis group (9.95 pg/mL) was higher than 8.03 pg/mL in CRC without metastasis group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);the TNF-α expression had no obvious difference among different ages and between different genders(P>0.05).The area under the ROC curve in each test index:TNF-α was 0.868,CEA was 0.912,CA724 was 0.523,and which of their joint detection was 0.940.Conclusion The expression of TNF-α is increased in the occurrence and development process of CRC,its serum level detection has certain clinical application value,the TNF-α expression has no obvious difference in the subjects with different ages and different sexes and has wide suitability.The combine detection of serum TNF-α,CEA and CA724 in the patients with CRC significantly increases the level,the combined detection of 3-index can have complementary advantages to increase the sensitivity of CRC diagnosis,which serve as the significant indexes in CRC early diagnosis,therapeutic effect evaluation and prognosis monitoring.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and value of white blood cell(WBC) count during influenza diagnosis.Methods Compare with leukocyte count and its classification,clinical features between 38 cases of influenza A and 55 cases of influenza B patients.Results The follow results have were significant difference between these two group(P<0.05):The WBC content (WBC),neutrophil count (NEUT),lymphocyte(LYMPH) count and platelet (PLT).In both group,WBC were mostly in normal range.However,WBC and NEUT% in the group A were 15.79% and 34.21%,higher than the B group 7.27%,25.45%.Additionaly,WBC and NEUT% in upper respiratory tract infection group were 59.26% and 66.67%,higher than the normal ranger,and group influenza A flow patients with higher proportion for headache and crackles,were 47.36% and 52.63%,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion The WBC count and its classification have significant difference between influenza A and B.Furthermore,patients with influenza A virus are more likely to have co-infection with bacteria.

BACKGROUND:Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS),a chitin derivative,has a good application performance that makes it become a safe and effective hemostatic material.OBJECTIVE:To determine the hemostatic effect of CMCS and its biosecurity properties.METHODS:(1) CMCS powder was scattered on the caudal vein and liver wounds of Sprague-Dawley rats,and the hemostatic time was recorded as experimental group,while the time for natural haemostasis of the wound was recorded as control group.(2) CMCS powder was scattered on the tail,femoral artery and liver wounds of ICR mice,and the hemostatic time was recorded as experimental group,while the time for natural haemostasis of the wound was recorded as control group.(3) CMCS,Sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and distilled water were respectively applied on the skin of albino rabbits in a skin irritation test.(4) A delayed-type hypersensitivity test of CMCS was carried out by intradermal injection of CMCS in guinea pigs.(5) An intradermal irritation test was carried out by subcutaneous injection of normal saline containing CMCS and normal saline,respectively.Another intradermal irritation test was carried out by subcutaneous injection of the supernatant of CMCS olive oil extract and olive oil,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group,the hemostatic time for caudal vein and liver wounds were significantly shortened in the Sprague-Dawley rats in the experimental group (P ＜ 0.01).(2) Compared with the control group,the time of hemostasis on the tail,femoral artery and liver wounds was significantly shortened in the ICR mice in the experimental group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).(3) The CMCS had no irritation to the skin of albino rabbits and no allergic reaction to the skin of guinea pigs.To conclude,the CMCS has good hemostatic effect on the wound in Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice,and has no skin irritation,allergic reactions and intradermal irritation reactions in albino rabbits and guinea pigs,which is a relatively safe hemostatic material.