Ear Canal ; Ear Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Myoepithelioma ; diagnosis

Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children.With the increasing use of inhaled corticosteroids, asthma deaths in the world have decreased by nearly two thirds.Mortality of childhood asthma is very low, ranging from 0 to 0.7/100 000, however, most of risk factors of asthma death could be avoidable.Risk factors of asthma death include poor asthma control, poor treatment compliance, insufficient medicine prescribed by doctors, insufficient monitoring of lung function, mental and psychological problems, food allergy, insufficient recognition and treatment of asthma exacerbation, improper use of β 2-receptor agonist, insufficient application of asthma action plan, et al.The mortality and risk factors of asthma in children were reviewed, which could support further improving asthma management strategies.

Objective To investigate the relationship between clinical types and related risk factors in female patients with post-adolescent acne.Methods Female outpatients with post-adolescent acne aged more than 25 years were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of Renji Hospital between January and October 2016.A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate related risk factors for post-adolescent acne in the females.Skin lesions and clinical types were evaluated by dermatologists.Statistical analysis was carried out by t test for comparison of means between two groups and by chi-square test for comparison of ratios.Results A total of 312 female patients with post-adolescent acne completed the survey,including 268 (85.9％) with mild to moderate acne and 44 (14.1％) with severe acne,241 (77.2％) with persistent acne and 71 (22.8％) with late-onset acne,or 102 (32.7％) with comedonal post-adolescent acne (CPAA) and 210 (67.3％) with papular post-adolescent acne (PPAA).Survey on related risk factors showed that 121 patients reported seasonal factors and 59 (18.9％) patients became worse in summer,and spicy,sweet and fried foods can aggravate the condition in 131 (42％),93 (29.8％) and 85 (27.2％) patients respectively.Other risk factors such as premenstrual period (62.8％,196/312),psychological factors (51.6％,161/312) and exogenous chemical exposures (43.6％,136/312) were complained of by the patients.Furthermore,premenstrual period,diet and constipation were found to be more associated with PPAA compared with CPAA (x2 =4.523,4.068,3.910,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Exogenous chemical exposures,such as the use of cosmetics,exposure to polluted air environment and occupational hazards,were more associated with CPAA compared with PPAA,as well as with late-onset acne compared with persistent acne (x2 =6.579,9.057,both P ＜ 0.05).In addition,premenstrual exacerbation occurred more frequently in patients with persistent acne compared with those with late-onset ache (x2 =4.512,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The risk factors for the occurrence of female post-adolescent acne are very complex.Premenstrual exacerbation plays a major role in the aggravation of papular and persistent post-adolescent acne,diet and constipation are more associated with PPAA,and exogenous chemical exposures are still be considered in the aggravation of comedonal and late-onset post-adolescent acne.Thus,clinical types should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of post-adolescent acne in females.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the perioperative treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and asthma. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of perioperative clinical data of 43 cases with CRSwNP and asthma. The admitted and under endoscopic surgery. Patients with preventing perioperative asthma attacks and corresponding standardized treatment were Observed. RESULT: Thirty-five cases were stable during perioperative period and without asthma. Seven patients diagnosed as mild and moderate asthma attacks because of low pulse oximetry (SpO2 92%-95%) and scattered wheeze heard in the lungs. So these patients were sent to ICU for the treatment. They went back to ward after their conditions turned to stable and no asthma during perioperative. One patient diagnosed as severe asthma attack, because irritability and suffocation happened, SpO2 decreased from 99% to 84%-81%, diffuse wheeze could be heard in the whole lung . So we give him tracheal intubation and sent him to ICU for advanced treatment after breathing smooth. Five days later the patient retuned to the ward in stable condition and with no asthma attack again. CONCLUSION Before operation the patients should be give some corresponding standardized comprehensive treatment according to the nasal symptoms and the degree of asthma attack, such as the application of topical steroid and antiallergic medicine. And some special treatment should be given to reduce airway hyperresponsiveness mucosa during anesthesia. These methods can reduce the risk of the asthma attacks and improve perioperative safety, prevent serious complications.
Asthma ; therapy ; Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Nasal Polyps ; surgery ; Perioperative Care ; standards ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis ; surgery ; Steroids ; therapeutic use

Objective To estimate the effect of the enviromental pollutant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD),a representative of the dioxin family,on the expression of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in cultured human immortalized SZ95 sebocytes in vitro,so as to improve understanding of the pathogenesis of chloracne.Methods SZ95 sebocytes were cultured with or without the presence of 10 nmol/L TCDD for two hours or three days.Real time fluorescence-based PCR was performed to quantify the mRNA expression of CYP1A1,immunohistochemistry and Western blot to determine the expression level of CYP1A1 protein,in the SZ95 cells.Chi-square test was done to compare the protein and mRNA expressions of CYP1A1 between untreated and treated SZ95 cells.Results Real time PCR showed that the mRNA expression of CYP1A1 was low in SZ95 sebocytes,and increased by 5.622 times after 2-hour treatment with TCDD(P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry revealed a weak expression of CYP1A1 protein in the cytoplasm and nuclei of untreated SZ95 sebocytes,which was also significantly enhanced by the TCDD treatment.Western blot results showed that the relative expression level of CYP1A1 protein was 4.233 ± 0.252 in SZ95 sebocytes treated by TCDD for three days,significantly higher than that in untreated sebocytes(0.123 ± 0.208,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is a low expression of CYP1A1 mRNA and protein in SZ95 sebocytes,which can be upregulated by TCDD,suggesting that the CYP1A1 gene is a downstream target of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor responsible for the abnormal differentiation of human sebocytes.

A rapid and accurate determination method of lipids in microalgae plays a significant role in an efficient breeding process for high-lipid production of microalgae. Using low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), we developed a direct quantitative method for cellular lipids in Chlorella protothecoides cells. The LF-NMR signal had a linear relationship with the lipid content in the microalgae cells for both dry cell samples and algal broth samples (R2 > 0.99). These results indicated that we could use this method for accurate determination of microalgal lipids. Although LF-NMR is a rapid and easy lipid determination method in comparison to conventional methods, low efficiency would limit its application in high throughput screening. Therefore, we developed a novel combined high throughput screening method for high-lipid content mutants of C. protothecoides. Namely, we initially applied Nile red staining method for semi-quantification of lipid in the pre-screening process, and following with LF-NMR method for accurate lipid determination in re-screening process. Finally, we adopted this novel screening method in the breeding process of high-lipid content heterotrophic cells of C. protothecoides. From 3 098 mutated strains 108 high-lipid content strains were selected through pre-screening process, and then 9 mutants with high-lipid production were obtained in the re-screening process. In a consequence, with heterotrophical cultivation of 168 h, the lipid concentration could reach 5 g/L, and the highest lipid content exceeded 20% (W/W), which was almost two-fold to that of the wild strain. All these results demonstrated that the novel breeding process was reliable and feasible for improving the screening efficiency.
Chlorophyta ; chemistry ; Heterotrophic Processes ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Lipids ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Microalgae ; chemistry ; Staining and Labeling

Objective:To analyze the death rate of asthma among Chinese people aged 0-19 years in 2018 and the trend of asthma mortality between 2008 and 2018, in order to guide the research of asthma control management and prevention strategy, and reduce the mortality of childhood asthma in China.Methods:Data from the national disease surveillance points system (DSPs) was adopted.The mortality rates of 0-19-year-old people in different age groups, genders, places of residence and geographical regions from 2008 to 2018 were calculated, and the national death toll of asthma was estimated as well.The annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated, and the death rate of asthma among Chinese people aged 0-19 years in 2018 and change trend of asthma mortality from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed.Results:In 2018, there was no significant gender diffe-rence in asthma mortality among Chinese people aged 0-19 years among different age groups, places of residence and geographical regions(all P>0.05). From 2008 to 2018, the mortality rate of people aged 0-19 fluctuated from 0.023/100 000 to 0.046/100 000, the highest mortality rate was in 2009 and 2012, and the lowest was in 2018. It was estimated that the total number of deaths among people aged 0-19 years reached the highest in 2009 (148 cases) and the lowest in 2018 (70 cases). It is estimated that the total number of deaths among people aged 0-19 years in China from 2008 to 2018 was 1 158 cases.From 2008 to 2018, the total mortality rate of asthma in Chinese population aged 0-19 years decreased significantly (AAPC=-7.6%, 95% CI: -10.4%--4.7%). There was a significant decrease in male group(AAPC=-7.4%, 95% CI: -12.5%--2.0%), female group(AAPC=-7.5%, 95% CI: -12.7%--2.0%), 1-<5 years old group(AAPC=-11.4%, 95% CI: -17.9%--4.5%), 15-19 years old group(AAPC=-14.4%, 95% CI: -24.8%--2.6%), rural group(AAPC=-9.0%, 95% CI: -13.1%--4.8%) and central areas(AAPC=-13.1%, 95% CI: -24.0%--0.5%), with statistical significance(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The total mortality of asthma in 0-19-year old population decreased significantly from 2008 to 2018.The mortality rate of asthma in 0-19-year old people in China is at the low level around the world.

Objective:To investigate the effect of resveratrol on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and related genes in human SZ95 sebocytes induced by benzo (a) pyrene.Methods:Human SZ95 sebocytes were cultured in vitro, and divided into 4 groups: control group treated with 1‰ dimethyl sulfoxide for 27 hours, resveratrol group treated with 1 × 10 -5 mol/L resveratrol for 24 hours, benzo (a) pyrene group treated with 1 × 10 -5 mol/L benzo (a) pyrene for 3 hours, resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group treated with 1 × 10 -5 mol/L resveratrol for 24 hours followed by 1 × 10 -5 mol/L benzo (a) pyrene for 3 hours. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) -1α, IL-6, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) , cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) in SZ95 sebocytes in the above groups; Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the phosphorylation level of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK, expressed as the ratio of phosphorylated to total p38 MAPK) and AhR protein expression; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect levels of IL-1α and IL-6 in the cell culture supernatant in each group. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of means among multiple groups, and least significant difference- t test was used for multiple comparisons. Results:The mRNA and protein expression of IL-1α in SZ95 sebocytes significantly differed among the control group, resveratrol group, benzo (a) pyrene group and resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group (mRNA: 2.045 ± 0.272, 2.058 ± 0.154, 3.124 ± 0.094, 2.185 ± 0.337, protein: 9.132 ± 1.181, 9.429 ± 0.771, 20.361 ± 0.907, 9.917 ± 0.897, F=14.662, 101.705, P < 0.01, < 0.001, respectively) , and were significantly lower in the resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group than in the benzo (a) pyrene group (both P < 0.01) . In addition, the phosphorylation level of p38 was significantly higher in the benzo (a) pyrene group than in the control group, resveratrol group and resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group ( F=303.129, P < 0.000 1) . The mRNA expression of AhR, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was significantly lower in the resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group than in the benzo (a) pyrene group ( t=10.64, 33.599, 18.327, respectively, all P < 0.001) . The benzo (a) pyrene group showed significantly decreased protein expression of AhR compared with the resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group ( P < 0.001) . Conclusion:Resveratrol can inhibit the environmental pollutant benzo (a) pyrene-induced expression of inflammatory factor IL-1α in SZ95 sebocytes, which is likely mediated by the AhR and p38MAPK pathways.

Objective:To investigate characteristics and changes of skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis-like mouse models induced by different concentrations of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) .Methods:Totally, 30 male specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by using a random number table: negative control group topically treated with 200 μl of mixture of acetone and olive oil at a volume ratio of 3∶1 on the back twice a week for 6 consecutive weeks; high-and low-concentration DNCB groups both topically treated with 200 μl of 1% DNCB on the first and third day at the first week, followed by topical application of 200 μl of 0.5% and 0.1% DNCB, respectively, twice a week for 5 weeks from the second week. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the severity of skin lesions was evaluated, and the transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration were measured. After the experiment, the mice were sacrificed, and skin tissues were resected from the back of the mice for histopathological examination. Full-thickness skin tissue samples were obtained from the back of 3 mice in each group. Illumina Miseq PE300 high-throughput sequencing was performed to sequence the V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene of skin microbiota on the back of the mice, and the composition and structure of the skin microbiota and changes in the relative abundance of different genera were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in indices among the 3 groups, and the Games-Howell method was used for multiple comparisons.Results:The severity scores of skin lesions were significantly higher in the high-and low-concentration DNCB groups (9.83 ± 2.45 points, 2.71 ± 0.56 points, respectively) than in the negative control group (0.51 ± 0.12 points, t=-7.19,-2.85, respectively, both P < 0.05) . Compared with the negative control group, the high-and low-concentration DNCB groups showed significantly increased transepidermal water loss ( t=-7.72,-2.68, respectively, both P < 0.05) , but significantly decreased stratum corneum hydration ( t=6.77, 5.99, respectively, both P < 0.05) ; the transepidermal water loss was significantly higher in the high-concentration DNCB group than in the low-concentration DNCB group ( t=2.76, P < 0.05) , while no significant difference in the stratum corneum hydration was observed between the high-and low-concentration DNCB groups ( P > 0.05) . There was a significant difference in the relative abundance of Corynebacterium among the 3 groups ( F=249.85, P < 0.001) , which was highest in the high-concentration DNCB group. No significant differences in the observed species and Chao1 index of the skin samples were observed among the 3 groups (both P > 0.05) , and the Shannon index was significantly lower in the high-concentration DNCB group than in the low-concentration DNCB group and negative control group ( t=6.96,-6.37, respectively, both P < 0.05) . Conclusion:DNCB could induce atopic dermatitis-like dermatitis in mice, and the severity of skin lesions and degree of barrier function impairment were related to the concentration of DNCB; the species diversity of skin microbiota markedly decreased in the high-concentration DNCB group, indicating that high-concentration DNCB modeling has more advantages in studying microbiological changes associated with atopic dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether icari-in(ICA)plays a neuroprotective role by improving glyco-lytic function through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.METHODS HT22 cells were treated with Aβ25-35 for 24 h to establish AD cell model,ICA was added in 2 h before Aβ25-35 and the DKK1(a specific inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway)was added in 0.5 h before ICA.Pharmacodynamic study:HT22 cells were divided into control group,ICA group(ICA 10 μmol·L-1),model group(Aβ25-3520 μmol·L-1),model + ICA group(Aβ25-3520 μmol·L-1 +ICA 2.5,5,10 μmol·L-1);Mechanism study:HT22 cells were divided into control group,model group,Aβ25-35+ICA 10 μmol·L-1 group,Aβ25-35+DKK1 group,Aβ25-35+DKK1+ ICA group.The cell viability was detected by MTT assay and the cell morphology was obtained by microscope,the lactate content was detected by lactate assay,the ATP content was measured with the chemiluminescence method,the expression levels of HK1,PKM1 and the pro-tein expression of molecules related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway(Wnt3a,GSK3β,pGSK3β Try216,pGSK3β Ser9,β-catenin,pβ-catenin Ser33/37 Thr41,Active β-catenin and nuclear β-catenin)was assayed by Western blotting.The nuclear translocation of β-catenin was observed by immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the viability of cells in the model group was reduced,the morphology of cells was significantly damaged,the ATP content and lactate content were significantly decreased,and the glycolytic key enzymes:the protein levels of HK1,PKM1 and the protein levels of Wnt3a,pGSK3β Ser9,active β-catenin and nuclear β-catenin were significantly reduced,and the phosphorylation levels of β-catenin Ser33/37 Thr41 were significantly increased.Compared with the model group,the cell morphology was significantly improved and the viability was significantly increased,the ATP and lactate content were significantly increased,the expressions of HK1,PKM1 and Wnt3a,pGSK3β Ser9,active β-catenin and nuclear β-catenin protein were significantly upregulat-ed,and the phosphorylation levels of β-catenin Ser33/37 Thr41 were significantly reduced after ICA treatment.However,when the canonical Wnt signaling was inhibited by DKK1,the above effects of ICA on glycolysis were abolished.CONCLUSION ICA exerts neuroprotective effects on Aβ25-35-induced HT22 cell injury by enhancing the glycolysis function through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.