MicroRNA(miR),a type of 22nt non-coding RNA,modulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level by interacting with targeting mRNA and play an important role in both inflammatory reaction and autoimmune diseases.Especially,the expression of miR-146a in autoimmune diseases has gotten more and more attention in recent studies.This review summarized the correlation between the expression of miR-146a and the pathogenesis of some common autoimmune diseases.What's more,the potential role of miR-146a in the clinical diagnosis of autoimmune diseases are also discussed.

Objective To observe the neuro-ophthalmological features of intracranial aneurysm.Methods 169 patients with intracranial aneurysm were retrospectively studied.45 patients, including 18 men and 27 women, had neuro ophthalmological symptoms or signs.Their average age was (56.21 ± 16.11) years and 32 (71.11％)patients' age was more than 50 years.The onset time ranged from 30 minutes to 20 years.20 (44.44％) patients' onset time was among 24 hours.CT, CT angiography, MRI, MRI angiography and cerebral digital subtraction angiography were performed alone or combined in all 45 patients.Visual acuity, pupil reflex and eye movement were examined.Clinical data including general condition, initial symptoms, neuro-ophthalmological changes, imaging data and treatment effects were recorded.Results 26.63％ of the 169 patients had neuro-ophthalmological symptoms or signs.There were 6 patients (13.33％) with neuro ophthalmological changes as their first manifestation and 39 patients (86.67 ％) with neurologic changes as first manifestation.Neuro-ophthalmological symptoms included vision loss (10 patients, 22.22％), diplopia (4 patients, 8.89％) and ocular pain (2 patients, 4.44％).The most common neuro-ophthalmological sign was pupil abnormality which was found in 31 patients (68.89 ％).The second most common sign was eye movement disorder (16 patients, 35.56％).The other signs included ptosis (8 patients, 17.78％), nystagmus (2 patients, 4.44％), exophthalmos (1 patient, 2.22％) and disappeared corneal reflection (1 patient, 2.22％).Imaging examination indicated that intracranial hemorrhage happened in 29 patients (64.44％).The most common neuro-ophthalmological features were pupil abnormality, eye movement disorder and vision loss in both patients with or without intracranial hemorrhage.The incidence of pupil abnormality was higher in patients with intracranial hemorrhage than that without intracranial hemorrhage, the difference was statistically significant (x2=7.321, P=0.007).Pupil abnormality and vision loss were common in patients with internal carotid artery aneurysm, and eye movement disorder was common in patients with internal carotid artery aneurysm and posterior communicating aneurysms.Conclusions Patients with intracranial aneurysm have different neuroophthalmological features.The most common features are pupil abnormality, eye movement disorder and vision loss.

Objective To analyze and compare the clinical characteristics and therapeutic effects on pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) among infants and children more than 3 years old.Methods The data of 1 015 ITP children who were hospitalized in West China Secondary Hospital of Sichuan University between January,2005 to January,2012 were collected.All of the patients were given hormone shock treatment and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).According to the extent of platelet count and bleeding improvement,the outcome included complete response,response and no response.The patients were divided into the infant group(≤3 year old) and the elderly group (＞3 years old) based on age,acute group(≤6 months) and chronic group(＞6 months) based on the course of disease,their clinic data were retrospectively analyzed by software SPSS 12.0.Results (1) The male/female ratio of infants group was higher than that of the elderly group,and there was significant differences (57.1％ vs 45.3％,x2 =13.927,P ＜ 0.001).(2) The median platelet count on admission in the infant group was statistically higher than that of the elderly group(9 × 109/L vs 8 × 109/L,Z =2.448,P =0.014).The course of disease in the infant group was statistically shorter than that in the elderly group(7 d vs 75 d,Z =13.317,P ＜ 0.001).(3) The increase ratio of megakrocytes in infants group was lower than that in the elderly group,but no statistical differences were found (86.4％ vs 90.4％,x2 =2.534,P =0.111).(4) There was a significant difference in terms of hospital stays between the transfused patients and untransfused patients (6.5 d vs 7.1 d,Z =4.571,P ＜ 0.001).Under the same treatment,the time for the platelets to become normal in the transfused group was statistically lower than that in the non-transfused group (72 h vs 89 h,Z =4.116,P ＜ 0.001).(5)The time needed for the platelets to become normal (≥ 100 × 109/L) in the infant group were statistically lower than that in the elderly group(72 h vs 95 h,Z =6.540,P ＜0.001).(6)The ratio of chronic patients in the infant group was statistically lower than that in the elderly group (3.2％ vs 30.1％,x2 =178.42,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The male infants with ITP are more than the female and the course of disease is shorter.The infants' platelet count returns to normal faster,with better treatment efficacy and lower ratio of chronic patients.The hospital stays can be shortened in the patients with ITP who were transfused with platelets,but the course of treatment with hormone can not be shortened.

Objective To explore the role of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3)‐mediated necroptosis in ulcerative colitis (UC ) . Methods The colonic mucosa tissues of eighty‐five patients diagnosed with UC were collected .Disease staging and pathological classification of UC patients were evaluated according to Mayo standard and Truelove standard ,respectively .The expressions of RIP3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were detected by immunohistochemistry .The cell inflammation model in HT‐29 cells was induced by interferon (IFN)‐γ.The expression of RIP3 mRNA and interleukin (IL)‐1βmRNA was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) .Twenty healthy individuals were studied as controls .A single factor analysis of variance was performed in the comparison among groups ,and Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis .Results Among 85 patients with UC , 27 cases were mild ,30 cases were moderate and 28 cases were severe;for pathological classification ,26 were gradeⅠ ,31 were gradeⅡ and 28 were grade Ⅲ .The Mayo score was positively correlated with pathological grade (r=0 .997 , P<0 .05) .The expression of RIP3 and TNF‐α in colonic mucosa tissues of UC group increased along with the pathological classification grade .The expression of RIP3 of gradeⅠto Ⅲ was 1 .81 ± 0 .98 ,2 .77 ± 1 .26 and 4 .86 ± 2 .77 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=26 .10 ,P<0 .05) .The expression of TNF‐αof gradeⅠto Ⅲ was 1 .35 ± 0 .69 ,2 .61 ± 1 .41 and 4 .43 ± 2 .17 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=31 .80 ,P<0 .05) .The expression of IL‐1β mRNA of IFN‐γ group ,IFN‐γ+ z‐VAD group and IFN‐γ+z‐VAD+ TNF‐αgroup was 0 .68 ± 0 .27 ,1 .47 ± 0 .12 and 1 .86 ± 0 .16 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=38 .45 , P<0 .05) .The expression of RIP3 mRNA of IFN‐γgroup ,IFN‐γ+z‐VAD group and IFN‐γ+z‐VAD+TNF‐αgroup was 0 .46 ± 0 .13 ,1 .21 ± 0 .29 and 2 .06 ± 0 .20 ,respectively , and the differences were statistically significant (F= 55 .15 , P< 0 .05) .Conclusions TNF‐α/RIP3 signal pathway is up‐regulated in UC .RIP3‐mediated necroptosis promotes the death of colonic epithelial cells and exacerbates inflammatory response .RIP3‐mediated necroptosis may be an important mechanism in UC .

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of fire-needle plus round-sharp-needle acupuncture in treating primary trigeminal neuralgia.Method Sixty-two patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 31 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by fire-needle therapy at the trigger points followed by deep needling with round-sharp needle at Xiaguan (ST7), and the distal points Hegu (LI4) and Neiting (ST44) were also treated. The same acupoints were selected in the control group but treated with ordinary needling method. The clinical efficacies were evaluated after 2 treatment courses.Result The total effective rate was 93.5%(29/31) in the treatment group versus 77.4% (24/31) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Fire-needle plus round-sharp-needle acupuncture is an effective approach in treating primary trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective To explore the value of blood lipid and CA125 in identification diagnosis between lung cancer and pulmo‐nary tuberculosis .Methods The blood lipid and serum CA125 levels in 131 patients with lung cancer( Ⅰ - Ⅳ stage) ,53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 60 normal controls were determined by biochemstry ,immunoturbidimetry and electrochemilumi‐nescence immunoassay and was done compared study .Results The serum TC and HDL‐C level in 131 patients with lung cancer were decreased with severity and were lower than in those of in 53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(TC :P< 0 .05 ,< 0 .05 ,<0 .01 and < 0 .001 respectively ;HDL‐C :P< 0 .05 ,< 0 .05 ,< 0 .01 and < 0 .01 respectively) .The serum LDL‐C level was no differ‐ences between lung cancer( Ⅰ - Ⅲ stage) and in 53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(P> 0 .05) only the lung cancer( Ⅳ stage) was a little increased(P< 0 .05) .The serum TG and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio levels in 131 patients with lung cancer( Ⅰ - Ⅳ stage) were increased with severity and were significantly higher than in those of 53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TG :P < 0 .05 ,< 0 .05 ,< 0 .01 and < 0 .01 respectively ;ApoB/ApoA1 :P< 0 .05 ,< 0 .05 ,< 0 .01 and < 0 .01 respectively) .The level of CA125 in 131 patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than in those 53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(P< 0 .001) .Conclusion The serum TC and HDL‐C ,TG ,ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and CA125 levels may be the indexs of identification diagnosis between lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis .

[Objective]To design a method of in vitro preparation and seperation for metallic wear particles around joint prosthesis and evaluate its feasibility in medical experiments.[Method]Ti-6Al-4V and Co-Gr-Mo alloys were used to make two friction jars respectirely. National inventive patent applied number 03142073.7.Lots of quadrate blocks made of the same materials are put into the jars respectively,which were then.lubri cated by man-made body fluid and vibrated on a bottle shaker.After 21 days the fluid was harvested and centrifuged to get the produced wear particles.The collected particles were studied by using element trace analysis,laser countersizer and scanning electron microscopy.The J774.A1 macrophages cultured together with these particles for 24 hours were observed under inverted phase contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.[Result]A got great amounts of metallic particles with 1?m diameter coned beproduce using this method.The aver age diameter of titanium alloys(Dv90) is 1.011 and that of Co-Gr-Mo is 1.010.Particle size distribution had good consistency in different materials.Under scanning electron microscopy ,the particles had irregular shapes just like those got from revision operations.The particles taken into the J774.A1 macrophages could be seen under inverted p hase contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.[Conclusion]This method is good enough to producl lots of metallic wear particles mosth like those around total joint prosthesis and can be used in further in vivo and in vitro studies about joint prosthesis loosening.

The competency oriented management theory and method,which is proved to be an effective management measure,have been widely used in China's health field. This essay probed into the possibility of introducing the competency oriented management theory into the education of targeted medical students in the rural. Combining the features of clinical medicine with training requirements of general medicine, this essay elaborated on the main contents of competency for targeted medical students in the rural including the ability of the community-levelled medical health service, practical ability, general medical treatment capacity, traditional medicine knowledge and skill and humanistic quality. Meanwhile, this paper summarized the practical experiences in training such elite students.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in regenerative nodules(RNs)and small hepatocellular carcinoma(sHCC).Methods Thirty-four cases of liver cirrhosis with small nodule were examined by CEUS.Among these cases,18 cases with 20 lesions were diagnosed s HCC,16 cases with 18 lesions were diagnosed RN eventually,all the diagnoses were confirmed by pathology.Perfusion characteristic and quantitative difference of RNs and sHCC were summarized.Results ①The majority of sHCC showed hyper-enhancement during the arterial phase,iso-enhancement or hypo-enhancement during the portal phase,hypo-enhancement during the late phase.The enhanced phase and degree of RNs were diverse,most of RNs showed iso enhancement during the three phases.The enhanced phase of two groups had significant difference(P ＜0.05).②The enhancement type of RNs and sHCC had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).③ 11 of 20 sHCC lesions showed contrast-enhancement pattern of fast-in and slow-out,9 lesions were fast-in and fast-out;among 18 RNs,1 lesion enhanced during the portal phase and the late phase,it didn't enhanced during the arterial phase,3 lesions started to enhanced at the late arterial phase,14 lesions were iso-enhancement during the three phases.④Comparison of parameters of RNs and the adjacent liver parenchyma had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).Compared with the adjacent liver parenchyma or RNs,the arrival time and peak time were shorter,the peak intensity and the curve sharpness were higher in sHCC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CEUS is a useful method to distinguish RNs and sHCC in liver cirrhosis.

AIM: To explore the way and the feasible time of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplanting to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats, and to investigate the migration of OECs after transplanted to EAE and the possible mechanism of inducing the protective effect. METHODS: The Lewis rats, which were divided into MOG group and GPSCH group according to the induction by MOG~Igd and GPSCH separately, were used to made EAE model. The animals in MOG group were divided into 3 subsets: OECs blank group (MOG0 group, 4 rats );OECs transplantation by vena caudalis (MOG1 group, 7 rats);OECs transplantation by lateral cerebral ventricle (MOG2 group, 4 rats). The animals in GPSCH group were also divided into 2 subsets: OECs blank group (GPSCH0 group, 4 rats);OECs transplanted by vena caudalis (GPSCH1 group, 4 rats). OECs transplanted through different ways in peak incidence, then the rats were measured to determine whether the symptom was ameliorated. Two weeks after transplantion, the rats were killed and the methods of histofluorescence and histopathology (HE staining and Luxol fast blue staining) were used to examine the distribution of the labeled OECs in EAE rats' bodies and to explore whether there was some amelioration in histology. RESULTS: After OECs transplantation by vena caudalis or lateral cerebral ventricle, the rats' symptom improved. Compared to OECs blank groups, there was significant difference in clinical scores (F=18.470, P<0.01;t=-7.147, P<0.01). No significant difference between MOG1 group and MOG2 group was observed (P>0.05). The labeled OECs entered into the brain through the broken blood-brain-barrier after transplantation by vena caud-alis, the labeled OECs near the subpial area and around the lesions were found. OECs transplantation by the way of lateral cerebral ventricle showed great migration potential, the cells moved towards to the lesions extensively. No significant difference between OECs transplantation group and OECs blank group in histopathology (HE staining and LFB staining) was observed (P>0.05), and the same thing also happened between MOG1 group and MOG2 group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The transplantation of adult rats' OECs improves the EAE rats' symptom at some degree by the ways of vena caudalis or lateral cerebral ventricle.