Objective To observe the changes of brain oxygenation in patients with extremely severe craniocerebral injury and the therapeutic effect of early normobaric hyperoxia.Methods Sixtyeight patients with extremely severe craniocerebral injury treated from January 2011 to January 2013 were assigned to two groups according to the random number table:50％ oxygen breathing for one week in control group (34 cases) and 80％ oxygen breathing for one week in treatment group (34 cases).Blood samples from jugular vein and radial artery were collected at 1,3,5,and 7 days to measure indices of blood gas analysis,i.e.,PaO2,PjvO2,CaO2,CjvO2,Da-jvO2,CERO2 and Djv-a Lac.GCS and content of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were recorded as well.Results Values of PaO2 at each time point and GCS at 5 and 7 days were significantly higher in treatment group than in control group (P ＜0.05).Djv-a Lac at 3,5 and 7 days and NSE at 7 days revealed significantly higher levels in treatment group than in control group(P ＜ 0.05).Whereas at each time point,there were no significant differences between the two groups in aspects of PjvO2,CaO2,CjvO2,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Early use of 100％ oxygen in patients with extremely severe craniocerebral injury may be beneficial to the prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of children with parainfluenza pneumonia complicated with rhabdomyolysis syndrome and acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:The clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging examination results and diagnosis and treatment process of a child with parainfluenza pneumonia complicated with rhabdomyolysis syndrome and AKI admitted to the department of intensive medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University on July 14th, 2014 were retrospectively analyzed to provide experience and methods for the treatment of such patients.Results:The patient, a Chinese 11-year-old boy, admitted to hospital with "sore throat, fever, and double lower limb pain for 2 days". The clinical manifestations were sore throat, fever, pain in both lower extremities, fatigue, and soy sauce urine. Limb muscle tenderness, bilateral lower limb was obvious. Laboratory examination showed that blood creatine kinase (CK), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) and hematuria myoglobin (Mb) were significantly elevated, and blood parainfluenza viruses (1, 2, 3 types) was positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Chest X-ray shown bronchial pneumonia in the right lower lung. Pneumonia with rhabdomyolysis syndrome was considered. Anti-infection, fluid hydration, alkalized urine, diuresis and other treatment was initially prescribed. However, the condition became worse, combined with secondary epilepsy, AKI, acute heart failure, transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). The child was put on mechanical ventilation through oral tracheal intubation, continuous hemofiltration, anti-infection and anti-virus treatment. The child's condition gradually recovered, symptoms and signs disappeared, and finally he was discharged with full recovery.Conclusions:Children with parainfluenza pneumonia can induce rhabdomyolysis. If myalgia is progressively worsened and walking is difficult, we should be highly alert to the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis. And when soy sauce urine, hematuria were noticed, and blood CK, Mb increased significantly, rhabdomyolysis syndrome can be diagnosed. Once the diagnosis is established, rehydration, alkaline urine and diuresis should be carried out in a timely manner to increase myoglobin tubular excretion. Antiviral treatment can reduce the dissolution of striated muscles. If blood purification is needed, hemofiltration and/or plasma exchange can be selected.