Objective To analyze the regions of abdominal lymph node metastasis in recurrent thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( TE-SCC) after radical surgery, and to guide the design of target volume in postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods Patients with TE-SCC who were admitted to our hospital from February 2005 to April 2013 were enrolled as subjects. All patients were diagnosed with abdominal lymph node metastasis by imaging after R0 radical surgery. The exact regions of abdominal lymph node metastasis were classified according to the 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer ( AJCC) TNM staging system for gastric cancer, and then retrospectively analyzed. The difference of two group was analyzed by χ2 test. Results Among the 1593 eligible patients, 148( 9. 3%) were diagnosed with abdominal lymph node metastasis after surgery. In the 148 patients, the abdominal lymph node metastasis rates in the upper, middle, and lower thoracic esophagus were 2. 3%, 7. 8%, and 26. 6%, respectively ( P=0. 000);the incidence rates of pathological stages T1/2 and T3/4 were 8. 7% and 9. 5%, respectively ( P=0. 601);the incidence rates of 0-2 and ≥3 metastatic lymph nodes in postoperative pathological examination were 4. 8%and 20. 1%, respectively (P=0. 000). The abdominal lymph node metastasis rate was the highest in the para-aortic lymph node ( 16a2) , followed by para-aortic lymph node ( 16a1) and the lymph nodes around the celiac trunk, posterior area of the pancreatic head, and common hepatic artery ( 64. 9%, 41. 2%, 37. 8%, 32. 4%, and 20. 9%) , yielding an overall metastasis rate of 91. 9%. Conclusions The major regions of abdominal lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinoma after radical surgery include para-aortic lymph nodes ( 16a2 and 16a1) and the lymph nodes around the celiac trunk, posterior area of the pancreatic head, and common hepatic artery. These regions are the abdominal target volumes of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy.

Objective:To compare the effect of age on clinical outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in the obese patients.Methods:A total of 113 patients who underwent LSG due to obesity and metabolic disorders between 2013 and 2018 at Fudan University Pudong Hospital, and completed the scheduled follow-up (1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery) were included for the retrospective analysis. The patients were divided into three groups based upon pre-operative age, including 15 to 30 year-old group ( n=58), 31 to 45 year-old group ( n=32), and 45 to 65 year-old group ( n=23). The body weight related parameters, glycemic and metabolic related parameters, lipid panel as well as arterial blood pressure were compared at pre-operative baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The quantitative data were analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA, and the P value was corrected by Bonferroni method. And the categorical variables were analyzed by chi square test. Results:The preoperative baseline data showed that with the increase of age, the preoperative body mass index gradually decreased, which were (40.1±5.9) kg/m 2, (37.1±6.6) kg/m 2 and (35.3±7.4) kg/m 2 in 16 to 30, 31 to 45 and 46 to 65 year-old groups, respectively. Otherwise, other metabolic related parameters were comparable. At 12 months after LSG, there was no significant difference in the amount of weight loss among the groups, but the percentage of total weight loss (% TWL) and the percentage of total BMI loss (%TBMIL) decreased significantly with age increasing. The %TBMIL in 16 to 30, 31 to 45 and 46 to 65 year-old groups were 32.3±7.5%, 28.4±8.4% ( P<005 compared with 16 to 30 year-old group) and 25.7±8.2% (compared with 16 to 30 year-old group P<0.001), respectively. In the patients with preoperative HbA1c>7%, HbA1c reduction in the three groups at 12 months after operation were 3.20% (compared with 46-65 year-old group P<0.001), 2.64% (compared with 46-65 year-old group P<0.05) and 1.34%, respectively. The proportions of patients with HbA1c < 6.5% were 95.8%, 88.9% and 50.0%, respectively. LDL, triglyceride and arterial blood pressure in all groups decreased and HDL increased rapidly within 3 months after operation, but there was no significant difference among the three groups. Conclusions:The improvement of blood glucose metabolism and the remission rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the patients with older age were worse than those in the younger patients, and the T2DM in the younger patients tends to obtain better clinical remission after LSG; in terms of weight loss, with the increase of age, %TWL and %TBMIL also showed a decreasing trend; however, the improvement of blood lipid and blood pressure after LSG was not affected by the factor of age. This study implies that patients who meet the indications of metabolic and bariatric surgery should be suggested to receive surgical treatment early in order to achieve better clinical outcomes.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has replaced viral hepatitis and become the most important chronic liver disease in the world. Abdominal ultrasound remains the main method for the diagnosis of NAFLD in China. The studies in China showed that in the last two decades, the prevalence rate of NAFLD was 13%-43% and tended to increase year by year, and the new cases accounted for about 4% each year, with a certain proportion of patients with non-obese NAFLD. There is a significant difference in prevalence rate between the populations from different regions, with a higher prevalence rate of NAFLD in the well-developed southeast coastal regions where people have a similar lifestyle to those in Western countries. Metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension, are risk factors for NAFLD. National-wide large-sample epidemiological investigation is still needed in China to help support the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of NAFLD.

Objective To explore the microRNA-16 (miR-16) and nuclear-transcription factor-κB1 (NF-κB1) expressions in human brain gliomas and their correlations with cell invasion and growth of malignant gliomas SHG44,U87 and U373.Methods (1) Twenty-nine cases of human glioma tissue samples and 6 normal brain tissues,collected in our hospital from January 2000 to January 2011,were chosen in our study; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expressions ofmiR-16 and NF-κB1 in these tissues.(2) In vitro cultured U87,U373 and SHG44 cells were divided into blank-control group,nonsense sequence transfected group and miR-16 mimics transfected group; 48 h after the transfection,qRT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of miR-16 and NF-κB1; tmnswell assay was used to observe the cell invasion capability; 72 h after the transfection,Western blotting was employed to detect the protein expressions of NF-κB1,matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2.(3) Luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the target regulating role of miR-16 in NF-κB1 gene.(4) U87 cells were used as negative control group,and U87 cells carried stably expressed miR-16 gene were implanted into intracranial and subcutaneous nude mice (U87-miR-16 group); immunofluorescence was used to detect the MMP-9 expression,and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein expressions of Ki-67,NF-κ B1 and MMP-9; subcutaneous tumor volume was measured and the growth curve was drawn.Results (1) The qPCR results showed that the expression of miR-16 in human brain glioma tissues was significantly lower than that in normal brain tissues; and gradually decreased miR-16 expressions were noted in gliomas of graded Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P＜0.05); NF-κB1 expression in human brain glioma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal brain tissues; and gradually increased NF-κB1 expressions were noted in gliomas of graded Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P＜0.05).(2) As compared with those in the blank-control group and nonsense sequence transfected group,miR-16 mimics transfected group had significantly increased miR-16 expression,decreased NF-κB1 mRNA expression,decreased invasiveness,and decreased protein expressions of NF-κB1 and MMP-9 (P＜0.05).(3) Luciferase reporter assay showed that the fluorescence normalized ratio in the pMIR-NF-κB1 group was signfcaintly higher than that in the pMIR-NF-κB1+pre-miR-16 group (P＜0.05).(4) As compared with the negative control group,the U87-miR-16 group on the 24-42 d of implantation had significantly smaller volume of tumors (P＜0.05),and lower MMP9 expression,and NF-κB1,MMP-9 and Ki-67 expressions (the proliferation index of Ki-67:13.91％ and 32.98％).Conclusion MiR-16 inhibits glioma cell invasion and growth through down-mgulating NF-κB1 and MMP-9 expressions.

OBJECTIVETo establish a new glioma cell line and analyze its biological characteristics, and to provide a useful cellular tool with new features for cancer research.

METHODSGlioma tissue was taken from surgical specimen clinical of a clinical patient. Primary culture was carried out, and a cell line (SHG139) was established after 10 passages. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of proteins, and cell proliferation and cycle were detected by flow cytometry method (FCM). The biological characteristics of SHG139 cells were detected by chromosome karyotype analysis. SHG139s glioma cells derived from SHG139 glioma cell line were cultured with neural stem cell medium. Then stem cell markers were determined. SHG139s cells were induced with serum-containing medium, and their expression of A2B5, GFAP, β-III tubulin, and GalC was detected. Intracranial xenograft tumor of both SHG139 glioma cells and SHG139s glioma stem cell spheres was generated in rats.

RESULTSThe expressions of A2B5, GalC, GFAP, S-100, and vimentin in the 20 and 60 passages of SHG139 cells were positive, consistent with the immunohistochemical results and pathological features. SHG139 cells proliferated significantly within 24 h after subculture, and their total number of chromosomes was 68 and mostly multiploid. They were positive for A2B5 (84.12±9.96)%, nestin (73.86±5.01)%, and NG2 (73.37±2.09)%. SHG139s cells were induced, and the ratio of positive cells of GFAP, β-III tubulin and GalC was (92.89±2.24)%, (64.85±4.09)% and (33.57±4.14)%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSSHG139 is an astroglioma cell line, from which SHG139s cells can be successfully obtained by culture with NSCM. SHG139s cells are of A2B5(+)/CD133(-) GSCs subgroup cells, with potentials of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. Compared with the intracranial SHG139 xenograft tumor, the intracranial SHG139s xenograft tumor is more malignant and aggressive.

Animals ; Astrocytoma ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Flow Cytometry ; Glioma ; Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Nestin ; Rats ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Vimentin

Background: Excessive delivery of free fatty acids (FFAs) to the liver promotes steatosis and insulin resistance (IR), with IR defined as reduced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and anti-lipolysis stimulated by normal insulin levels. Whether the associations between FFAs and diabetes development differ between patients with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. Methods: Consecutive subjects (2,220 NAFLD subjects and 1,790 non-NAFLD subjects according to ultrasound imaging) were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2009 and 2019. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: There was an approximate J-shaped relationship between FFA levels and HOMA-IR in the NAFLD group. Higher FFA concentration quartiles were associated with higher risks of IR (odds ratio [OR], 9.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.43 to 13.36), prediabetes (OR, 10.48; 95% CI, 5.66 to 19.39), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; OR, 19.43; 95% CI, 12.75 to 29.81) in the NAFLD group but not in the non-NAFLD group. The cut-off points for the FFA levels increased in a stepwise manner in discriminating IR, prediabetes and T2DM (573, 697, and 715 μmol/L) in the NAFLD group but not in non-NAFLD individuals. Conclusion A distinct dose-dependent relationship of FFA levels was found with IR, prediabetes and T2DM in NAFLD patients. Screening serum FFA levels in NAFLD patients would be valuable in preventing diabetes development.

Background: Excessive delivery of free fatty acids (FFAs) to the liver promotes steatosis and insulin resistance (IR), with IR defined as reduced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and anti-lipolysis stimulated by normal insulin levels. Whether the associations between FFAs and diabetes development differ between patients with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. Methods: Consecutive subjects (2,220 NAFLD subjects and 1,790 non-NAFLD subjects according to ultrasound imaging) were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2009 and 2019. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: There was an approximate J-shaped relationship between FFA levels and HOMA-IR in the NAFLD group. Higher FFA concentration quartiles were associated with higher risks of IR (odds ratio [OR], 9.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.43 to 13.36), prediabetes (OR, 10.48; 95% CI, 5.66 to 19.39), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; OR, 19.43; 95% CI, 12.75 to 29.81) in the NAFLD group but not in the non-NAFLD group. The cut-off points for the FFA levels increased in a stepwise manner in discriminating IR, prediabetes and T2DM (573, 697, and 715 μmol/L) in the NAFLD group but not in non-NAFLD individuals. Conclusion A distinct dose-dependent relationship of FFA levels was found with IR, prediabetes and T2DM in NAFLD patients. Screening serum FFA levels in NAFLD patients would be valuable in preventing diabetes development.

Objective:To compare the effect of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) versus conventional therapy for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).Methods:Retrospective analysis of 38 patients with 48 CSDHs treated with MMAE from May 2019 to May 2021 was performed. Comparisons were made with a conventional treatment for 126 patients with 126 CSDHs from January 2016 to May 2021. The MMAE and conventional treatment patients were matched by the propensity score matching method, and a total of 25 pairs of patients (31 pairs of CSDHs) were successfully matched. The CSDH recurrence, rescue treatment, radiographic follow-up outcome, clinical improvement and complication between the two groups were compared by t test, χ 2 test or Fisher exact probability methods. Results:The rescue treatment rate in MMAE group was significantly lower than that in conventional treatment group [0 (0/31) vs 19.4% (6/31), P=0.024] and the complete resolution rate at 6 months follow-up in MMAE group was significantly higher than that in conventional treatment group [96.8 (30/31) vs 74.2% (23/31), P=0.026]. In terms of CSDH recurrence, there was a trend of lower recurrence in the MMAE group [3.2%(1/31) vs 22.6% (7/31), P=0.053]. The complete resolution rate at 3 months follow-up was 61.3% (19/31) in MMAE group and 45.2% (14/31) in conventional treatment, clinical improvement rate was 92.0% (23/25) in MMAE group and 88.0% (22/23) in conventional treatment, good outcome rate (mRS≤2) was 92.0% (23/25) in MMAE group and 84.0% (21/25) in conventional treatment, complication rate was 0(0/25) in MMAE group and 4.0% (1/25) in conventional treatment, and there were no significant differences in all above-mentioned parameters ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The MMAE may be considered as a safe and effective treatment for CSDH, and MMAE for CSDH is associated with lower trend of recurrence, lower rescue treatment rate and better radiographic follow-up outcome than conventional therapy.