Objective To investigate network user's attention rate of the keyword“cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases”(CCD). Methods The keyword was analyzed by using Baidu index. Results The overall trend of keyword search rose slightly. The mobile search grew significantly. During the Spring Festival overall search decreased significantly. According to clustering analysis the word“symptom”was most often used with“CCD”;30 to 39 years old age group accounted for about 50%of total number of online search. Men accounted for 70% of all keyword search, women accounted for 30%. The rankings of CCD search number were more on top in the economically developed area. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen publicity and education to prevent the happening of CCD during Spring Festival. Men need to raise awareness about CCD. The construction of rural informatization should be speeded up. Network education could be used as a part of method for the primary and secondary prevention of CCD. Keyword analysis method could effectively analyze the network user search behavior and find information they need.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NPPV) as a weaning strategy in patients with acute respiratory failure after failure to wean from invasive positive pressure ventilation(IPPV). Method A prospective randomized and controlled clinical trial of weaning of IPPV was carried out in patients mechanically ventilated in mode of IPPV for more than 48 hours with failure in a spontaneous breathing trial(SBT: PSV 6 cmH_2O). Patients with contraindications to NPPV were excluded. After failure the SBT, patients were randomly divided(random number) in two groups. Patients in NPPV group were extubated after being ventilated with high pressure support for 30 minutes and then placed on NPPV. Patients in IPPV group were weaned following conventional procedure. Arterial blood gases, maximal inspiratory pressure, respiratory rate,tidal volume, rapid shallow breathing index, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation were measured before and after failing the SBT. The rate of complications, including pneumonia and tracheotomy duration mechanical ventilation, days of hospital stay and outcome were observed. Findings of the two groups were vompared using the Student t test and the chi-square test. Results The percentage of complications in the NPPV group was lower(22.9% versus 72.2%, P <0.01) ,with lower incidences of pneumonia(6.1%,36.1%; P <0.01) and tracheotomy. Compared between the two groups, days of ICU stay( 14.16(3.45) d vs. 22.57( 7.71 ) d; P <0.01) and total days of mechanical ventilation(14.88±3.76 days vs. 20.68± 2.79 days, P <0.01) of NPPV group are shorter than IPPV group. Conclusions NPPV is a good alternative to the mechanically venti-lated patients who fail in initial weaning attempts. The key to successful NPPV weaning is the proper selection of weaning candidates and using NPPV as soon as possible after extubation.

As the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC), dendritic cells are important in launching both humoral and cellular immune responses against tumor. Although the high evaluation of DC in immunotherapy for cancer by means of DC vaccines, more studies have indicated DC is a heterogeneous population and proved that DC subsets are prominent determinants for the effectiveness of immune responses. Different DC subsets display different receptors and surface molecules, and express different sets of cytokines/chemokines, which result in distinct immunological outcomes. Clinical trials with ex vivo generated DC vaccines also manifest unexpected immunological tolerance as well as allergic response. It is essential to study the biological aspects of human DC subsets, which may be a key to the generation of novel DC-based vaccines. In this article, the progress of studies on biology of dendritic cells including their origins, differentiation, function and application of DC subsets is reviewed.
Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy

Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. IR and DSC analysis showed that curcumin might complex with EC. The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Curcumin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Solubility ; Solvents ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

BackgroundPterygium is an ocular surface disease of abnormal cell proliferative kind and angiogenesis plays an important role in its development and recurrence.Several anti-angiogenic therapies have been used to treat pterygium,but there very few studtes for the in vivo observation of the microvessles in pterygium.ObjectiveThis study was to observe angiogenesis in pterygium with a high-resolution confocal microscope in vivo and to perform immunohistochemical study in vitro.MethodsA prospective case-controlled study was designed.Twenty eyes of 20 consecutive patients with primary pterygia and 20 age- and sex-matched patients with inner eye diseases and strabismus with normal conjunctiva were enrolled in this study.An in vivo confocal microscopy imaging system (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph Ⅱ Rostock Cornea Module) was used to collect microvascular pictures from the anterior part of pterygia and normal nasal conjunctiva of controls,and then immunochemistry was performed to examine the expression of CD31 in microvessel in vitro.The vascular density values were compared between these two groups.The correlation of vascular density values between in vivo Heidelberg Retina Tomograph and in vitro immunohistochemistry was calculated.Written informed consent was obtained from pationts before any examination and surgery.ResultsUnder the in vivo confocal microscope,the microvessel density was (8929±2993) μm/mm2 and (4202 ±692)μm/mm2,respectively,in pterygium and the normal conjunctiva group with a statistically significant difference between them (t =6.881,P＜0.01 ).Immunochemistry revealed that the expression of CD31 to measure vascular density was ( 21.00 ± 4.06/400 × field ) and ( 6.07 ± 1.75/400 × field ) in pterygium and the normal conjunctiva group,showing significant difference (t =12.312,P＜0.01 ).Positive correlations were found in the vascular density values between in vivo corneal laser confocal microscopy examination and in vitro immunochemistry examination in both the pterygium group and normal conjunctiva group (pterygium group:r=0.649,P＜0.01 ;normal conjunctiva group: r=0.572,P＜0.01 ) ConclusionsIn vivo confocal microscopy imaging is superior to in vitro immunochemistry in evaluating the microvessel of pterygium.The results of this study offer a new way index for further investigation of the biological behavior of pterygium and its mechanism.

Phytoestrogens, which can bind with estrogen receptor and produce estrogen-like effects, are a kind of nonsteroidal compound in plant. Phytoestrogens chemically include isoflavones, coumarins, lignans and other compounds. Phytoestrogens are selective estrogen receptor modulator, and have therapeutical effects on breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis and other disease, however, do not produce stimulatory hyperplasia effects on uterus, mammary glands and other tissues and organs with positive estrogen receptor. Long-term exposure or excessive use of phytoestrogens maybe affects male reproductive system and hematopoietic function of fetus. Some questions need to be further studied, such as evaluation criteria on biological activity, adverse effects, and action mechanism of phytoestrogen. This review covers plant sources, chemical structure, pharmacological activity and safety of phytoestrogens. It will provide a useful reference for intensive research and rational utilization the phytoestrogens.
Animals ; Humans ; Phytoestrogens ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Cocrystal separation technology is a technology that utilizes coformers to selectively form cocrystals with target compounds and separate them from mixed systems. Our study used puerarin (PUE), daidzein (DDZ), and genistein (GEN) as model drugs, which have similar structures and are the main isoflavones in Pueraria lobata root. The separation and purification processes in the modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of these three components use conventional column chromatography, recrystallization, and other technologies, which have the issues of lengthy separation cycles, high solvent consumption, and inefficient preparation. Different with existing separation technology, our team used the early-found cocrystal separation method to design a step-by-step extraction and separation experiment of GEN-PUE-DDZ ternary mixture. Caffeine and L-proline were added to the mixed system in turn, GEN-caffeine cocrystal and PUE-proline cocrystal were prepared by suspension method. The cocrystals precipitated out of the solution. The purities of the GEN-caffeine cocrystal and the PUE-proline cocrystal could achieve 93% (the purity of GEN) and 99% (the purity of PUE). Besides, the purity of DDZ could also be increased by 6.76 times. This study proposed a simple operating, low cost and wide application range separation method different from the traditional separation method and realized the separation of structurally similar chemical components in TCM, laying a foundation for the application of cocrystal technology in the separation and refining of TCM.

OBJECTIVE: To perform the validation and analysis of forensic parameters of Goldeneye DNA ID 26Y system. METHODS: Based on the validation rules of Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), the kit was assessed from several parts, as test of PCR system, reproducibility, accuracy, and sensitivity, etc. And Y-STR loci of 517 unrelated healthy individuals from Eastern China were genotypes by this kit. The distribution and frequency of haplotype were calculated and forensic parameters of the kit were assessed. RESULTS: The complete profiles can be obtained even when the PCR reaction volume with 6.25 microL. And correct profile was obtained with DNA down to 125 pg. No reproducible peaks were detected with the DNA of common animals and microorganism with the kit. For the male-male mixture testing, average 70% of the minor alleles were obtained when the ratios of 1:19 and 19:1. For the male-female mixture testing, results showed that the sensitivity of the kit was no compromised with the addition of female samples. CONCLUSION The validation studies demonstrated that Goldeneye DNA ID 26Y system has good sensitivity and specificity, and suitable for mixture testing. The polymorphism of 26 Y-STR loci included in this kit are good for forensic application.
Alleles ; Animals ; Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; DNA ; DNA Fingerprinting/standards* ; Female ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective:To explore CT and MRI features of the endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST).Methods:The CT and MRI morphology confirmed by surgical pathology for 19 patients with ELST were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to May 2019 in Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The features of CT and MRI included location, size, adjacent structures invasion, CT values, bone destruction, features of T 1WI and T 2WI, enhancement distribution characteristics, dynamic enhancement curve morphology, DWI signal characteristics. The ADC values of the lesions and ipsilateral medial pterygoid muscles were compared using a paired t test. Results:Nineteen ELST patients (one with bilateral diseases) were included. Totally 20 ears (right 9 and left 11) of 13 females and 6 males were studied. The masses with slightly high-density and obscure boundary were located around the vestibular aqueduct at the posterior edge of the petrosal bone. Bone destruction involved mastoid process of the middle ear (16 ears), jugular foramen (11 ears), semicircular canal (10 ears), facial nerve canal (7 ears) and internal auditory canal (9 ears). A large amount of residual bone could be found in the interior of nineteen masses. The CT value was (78.6±21.9) HU. The lesion showed central iso-intensity and peripheral hyperintensity on T 1WI and T 2WI in 16 ears, while no obvious hyperintensity on T 1WI in the other 4 ears. The hyperintensity on T 1WI was around the margin of the lesion in 10 ears, situated at lateral side in 5 ears and all over the lesion in 1 ear. Flow voids signals could be seen in 9 ears as well. Liquid-liquid plane was seen on T 2WI in 2 ears. The solid mass portion which showed iso-intensity on both T 1WI and T 2WI presented marked enhancement on contrast-enhanced T 1WI, while other part of the mass no enhancement. DWI of 14 ears illustrates no evidence of restricted diffusion, and the ADC value [(1.25±0.08)×10 -3 mm 2/s] was slightly higher than that of the medial pterygoid muscles ( t=4.437, P=0.001). The style of time-signal intensity curves of the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was rapidly ascending followed by descending curves in 2 ears. Conclusion:Imaging findings of ELST have some characteristics, including located around the vestibular aqueduct at the posterior edge of the petrosal bone, bone destruction, peripheral hyperintensity on T 1WI and no restricted diffusion, which is helpful for its diagnosis.

Puerarin (PUE), as an isoflavone component, has a wide range of pharmacological activities, while its poorly aqueous solubility limits the development of solid oral dosage forms. In this study, PUE along with nicotinamide (NIC) were prepared into the coamorphous system by solvent-evaporation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In addition, its dissolution behavior and solubilization mechanism were also investigated. PUE-NIC coamorphous was a single homogeneous binary system, with a single glass transition temperature at 35.1 ℃. In comparison to crystalline PUE, during the dissolution process, coamorphous PUE-NIC not only exhibited the "liquid-liquid phase separation" (LLPS) phenomenon, but the formation of A_p type complexation (1∶1 and 1∶2) between PUE and NIC molecules was also verified, which significantly improved the solubility of PUE and prolonged the supersaturation time, and would benefit its absorption.