Child ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Humans ; Microbiological Techniques ; Viral Load ; Virus Cultivation ; Virus Diseases ; diagnosis

Although the origin of Chinese medicine was well recorded inHuang-Di Nei-Jing, different opinions, however, now existed in the authenticity of discussions on five cardinal directions in theYi-Fa Fang-YiLun. From the perspective of regional systems, this paper began with the local culture of Chinese northern nomadic people, analyzed their fire using custom, moxibustion therapy, ice and snow culture and Shamanistic witchcraft. The purpose was to reveal that moxibustion therapy originated from Shamanistic witchcraft and medical practice of the northern nomadic people.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and to provide evidence for its use in clinical practice. Methods: Eight databases were extensively searched up to March 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of acupuncture with sham acupuncture or no acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis were included. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by two reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used for assessing the risk of bias. Results: A total of 18 RCTs were included, involving a total of 3522 participants. The results showed that acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture in relieving pain (SMD=-0.34, 95％CI:-0.57 to -0.11, I2=85％, P=0.003) and improving physical function (SMD=-0.34, 95％CI: -0.57 to -0.11, I2=85％, P=0.003). In comparison to the no-acupuncture group, the acupuncture group also showed significant advantages in relieving pain (SMD=-0.79, 95％CI: -1.15 to -0.43, I2=87％, P<0.0001) and improving physical function (SMD=-0.75, 95％CI:-1.19 to -0.31, I2=91％, P=0.0008). Sensitivity analyses suggested that the results were robust, and Egger's test found no potential publication bias. Conclusion: In the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, the acupuncture group had significant advantages over sham acupuncture or no-acupuncture groups in relieving pain and improving physical function.

The optic-fiber sensor technology combined with near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy was applied to directly analyze Peganum harmala and identify different origin of P. harmala on the basis of principal component analysis, clustering analysis, SIMCA method, which resulted in the establishment of a new method to rapidly and nondestructively identify the origin of P. harmala. The original full wavelength spectrum for principal component analysis and the score of first two principal components can distinguish four origins of P. harmala basically. In the wavelength range of 866-2,507 nm, MSC as pretreatment method to establish the best model of clustering analysis to forecast the samples with the accuracy of 91.67%, can distinguish the four origins of P. harmala while in the wavelength of 1,085-2,507 nm, normalization method as pretreatment methods to establish a best model of SIMCA to forecast the sample, all the samples except for the changji sample have been identified with a total recognition rate of 97.22%. The results show that using near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with SIMCA is the best method that can be effectively used to identify the P. harmala.
Cluster Analysis ; Models, Theoretical ; Peganum ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

Hemorrhagic transformation(HT) is the most severe complication after tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis. It greatly limits the clinical application of tPA. Early blood-brain barrier ( BBB) damage may be an important mechanism for HT. Maintaining the integrity of BBB can significantly decrease the risk of HT. This article review s the roles, mechanisms, and preventive measure of early BBB damage in HT after tPA thrombolysis.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury is an important pathological change of ischemic stroke.Occludin constitutes the major component of the tight junction of BBB, which plays a significant role in maintaining the BBB integrity.Cerebral ischemia initiates occludin degradation through the induction of the activation of inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen, and matrix metalloproteinases, and causes the changes of tight junction cytoskeletal protein interaction, resulting in BBB integrity destruction and increased permeability.This article mainly elaborates the relationships of occludin with BBB, brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation, as well as the possibility of occludin as an intervention target for ischemic stroke.

Objective To develop a BP26 recombinant BCG (rBCG-BP26) vaccine,and to observe the effects of rBCG-BP26 on CD4+,CD8+ T cells in immunized mice.Methods The recombinant shuttle vector pMV261-Ag85B-BP26 was constructed by using traditional molecular biological technology.The recombinant strains were obtained by kanamycin resistance screening and PCR identification after electroporation.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of recombinant BP26 vaccine in immunized mice.Safety experiment was carried out in three different groups:the target experiment(rBCG-BP26) group,the positive control(BCG) group and the negative control(PBS) group,15 BALB/c mice in each group.Intradermal inoculations of 100 μl rBCG-BP26 [containing 106 colony forming units(CFU)],BCG,and PBS were carried out,respectively.Signs of mice in each group were observed.After immunization for 10,20,30,and 40 days,body weight was weighed,and tail blood was collected to observe the change of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry.Results The rBCG-BP26 was successfully constructed.The expression of BP26 protein was detected in the liquid medium and the bacteria cells.The results of safety test analysis showed that there were no significant differences in signs and body weights(F=2.468,0.331,1.520,0.739,all P＞ 0.05),between PBS group[ (19.24 ± 0.54),(21.37 ± 0.66),(22.83 ± 0.62),(25.06 ± 0.37)g],BCG group[ (19.90 ± 0.02),(21.53 ± 1.57),(21.95 ± 0.55),(24.70 ± 0.39)g]and rBCG-BP26 group[ (19.16 ± 0.55 ),(20.89 ± 0.20),(22.15 ± 0.76),(24.60 ± 0.64)g].The results of flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD4+ T cell level were lower in BCG group(26.70％,33.07％) and rBCG-BP26 group( 13.40％,26.70％) than that of the PBS group(33.85％,29.33％) and the values of CD4+/CD8+ T cells increased in rBCG-BP26 group (0.69％,1.27％,1.57％,1.70％ ) 10,20 and 30 days after immunization.Conclusions Recombinant BCG-BP26 vaccine strain can express brucella BP26 protein efficiently.Furthermore,its virulence is mild,and it can activate CD4+,CD8+ T cells in the body.It can be used as one of candidate vaccine strain against brucellosis.

Objective To study the application effectiveness of healthcare failure modes and effects analysis before the secure transportation of post anesthesia care unit(PACU) patients. Methods A total of 689 general anesthesia post-operative patients who had been recovered in PACU and transported between January to December in 2015 by convenience sampling were divided into 2 groups to receive nursed by traditional method before transportation (contrast group, 346 cases) or nursed both with traditional way and healthcare failure modes and effects analysis method to analyze (observation group, 343 cases). The Medical Risk Priority Number (RPN), Status of Failure modes and satisfaction value of physicians and nurses were compared. Results The RPN value of observation group had been cut down from (229.00 ± 52.91) points to (57.14 ± 16.04) points, there was significant difference (t=7.58, P=0.01). The occurrence rate of failure mode of observation group was 2.62%(9/343), which was obviously lower than 19.36%(67/346) of contrast group, there was significant difference (χ2=49.19, P<0.01). The satisfaction rate of observation has improved significantly from 74.36%(58/78) to 93.59%(73/78), there was significant difference (χ2=10.72, P<0.01).Conclusions Healthcare failure modes and effects analysis management method could find out the failure mode of PACU patient before the secure transportation in time, could decrease the effect of failure mode and would continuously improve the quality of PACU nursing service .

Objective To observe the mitochondrial damage associated with protein-energy wasting of skeletal muscle in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) model of Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and evaluate the effects of low-protein diet supplemented with α-keto acids on muscle wasting.Methods Forty-five male 24-week-age GK rats were randomly divided into three groups,normal protein diet group (NPD),low-protein diet group (LPD) and LPD +or-keto group (Keto).Fifteen gender and age matched Wistar rats were served as control group (CTL).The living condition of GK rats was observed and the weight was measured once a week.Urine albumin,serum glucose,creatinine and urea nitrogen were measured at 24,32,40,48 week age.Soleus muscle was observed to calculate the muscle size and the percentage of Ⅰ and Ⅱ type muscle fiber with software after SDH and NADH staining at 48-week-age.Tissue ultrastructure was observed under the transmission electron microscopy.The activity of citrate synthase was detected by spectrophotometer.Expression of mitochondrial DNA was examined by Q-PCR.Results Compared with the CTL group,NPD,LPD and Keto groups had lower body weight,higher urine albumin,higher serum creatinine and urea nitrogen (P ＜ 0.05).The crosssectional area of muscle fibers was larger in CTL group.Compared with CTL group,the muscle fiber was partly broken,the mitochondrial morphology was obviously changed,the percentage of type Ⅱmuscle fiber was increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and the activity of citrate synthase and the number of mitochondrial DNA were decreased significantly in NPD,LPD and Keto groups (P ＜ 0.05).In Keto group,muscle wasting was improved compared with NPD and LPD group (P ＜ 0.05),the crosssectional area of soleus muscle increased and the percentage of type Ⅱ muscle fiber decreased,levels of urine albumin,semm creatinine and urea nitrogen decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Under transmission electron microscopy,the muscle fiber of keto group was intact and mitochondiral morphology was close to that of CTL group.The activity of citrate synthase and number of mitochondiral DNA were higher as compared to CTL group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between NPD and LPD group.Conclusions In DKD condition,protein degradation in the skeletal muscle is accelerated,mitochondrion is swelling,the number of mitochondrial DNA is decreased and mitochondrial function is impaired.Low-protein diet supplemented with α-keto acids can improve mitochondrial damage and muscle wasting induced by DKD.

This study is to explore the interventional effects of fluvastatin on anti-beta2GPI/beta2GPI-induced activation in THP-1 mononuclear cells. In vitro, human mononuclear cells THP-1 were treated with fluvastatin, LPS and anti-beta2GPI/beta2GPI, then the TF expression on THP-1 cells was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or TF activity was detected by kit. TNF-alpha mRNA and its protein expression were investigated by RT-PCR and ELISA kit. The expression of phospho-NF-kappaB p65 and inhibitory protein of NF-kappaB (IkappaB-alpha) were measured by Western blotting. The results suggested that the expression of TF and TNF-alpha on THP-1 cells was significantly up-regulated with treatment of anti-beta2GPI/beta2GPI complex (100 mg x L(-1)), compared with that of untreated cells (P < 0.05). Fluvastatin (50 mg x L(-1)) could decrease TF (mRNA and activity) expression and the level of TNF-alpha (mRNA and protein) in THP-1 cells with anti-beta2GPI/beta2GPI complex. The expression of TF and TNF-alpha was shown in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, anti-beta2GPI/beta2GPI complex could downregulate IkappaB-alpha levels and increase the levels of phospho-NF-kappaB p65. And these effects of anti-beta2GPI/beta2GPI complex could be blocked by fluvastatin. In conclusion, fluvastatin may interfere the expression and regulation of NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway, thereby inhibit the effects of anti-beta2GPI/beta2GPI on activation of THP-1 cells, by decreasing the expression of TF and TNF-alpha.