Objective To observe the motions of the rectum and bladder by image?guided radiotherapy ( IGRT) and to analyze their impact on treatment. Methods Eighteen patients with prostate cancer undergoing intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) were enrolled in the study and 247 cone?beam computed tomography ( CBCT) images were obtained from this study. The clinical target volume, bladder, and rectum were contoured on all simulated CT and CBCT to examine their volume and position changes. The dose distributions were recalculated based on the data of the x?, y?, and z?axis setup errors. The doses to planning target volume ( PTV) and organs at risk were calculated in the replanning, and their impact on treatment was analyzed. Comparison of the planning and replanning results was made by paired t?test. The effects of displacements and volumes of the bladder and rectum on target doses were analyzed by Pearson correlation method. Results Great changes in the volumes of the bladder and rectum were observed during the treatment. For the planning and replanning results, PTVD95% was 7777. 37 cGy vs. 7628. 56 cGy ( P=0. 027), PTV Dmin was 87. 91 cGy vs. 83. 35 cGy (P=0. 000), and RVP was 5. 89% vs. 8. 31%(P=0. 000). There were correlations between PTVD95% and the motions of the bladder and rectum, with correlation coefficients of 0. 296 and 0. 177, respectively. The correlation coefficient between rectal volume and PTVD95% was 0. 115, indicating a certain correlation. There is a certain correlation between and PTV Dmin and bladder volume, with a correlation coefficient of?0. 128. Conclusions The recovery of the state during localization for the bladder and rectum, especially the latter, has great significance to ensure the target dose and reduce exposure of the rectum in the IMRT for prostate cancer.

Objective To analyze the data from intensity-modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) for prostate cancer guided by kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to provide a clinical basis for selecting the optimal image registration method and reasonable target volume margins.Methods A total of 16 patients with prostate cancer who received radical IMRT were enrolled, and CBCT for online position verification was performed 214 times.The images were obtained after conventional skin marking and laser alignment, and automatic registration, bone registration, soft tissue registration, and manual registration were performed for CBCT images and planned CT images.The differences between these four registration methods were evaluated, and the margins for extending clinical target volume into planning target volume (PTV) were calculated.Results The setup errors in left-right, anterior-posterior, and cranial-caudal directions for automatic registration, bone registration, soft tissue registration, and manual registration were-0.6±2.8 mm/-0.6±4.5 mm/-0.6±3.8 mm,-0.7±2.7 mm/-0.9±4.5 mm/-0.8±4.1 mm,-0.8± 2.6 mm/-0.3±4.4 mm/-1.1±4.0 mm, and-0.6±2.9 mm/-0.7±5.1 mm/-0.9±3.9 mm, respectively. There were no significant differences between the four registration methods.The margins for extension in the left-right, anterior-posterior, and cranial-caudal directions were calculated as 4.7 mm, 5.2 mm, and 6.5 mm, respectively.Conclusions With a comprehensive consideration of various factors, a default setting of automatic registration and manual fine adjustment is appropriate for CBCT-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer.The margins for extension in the left-right, anterior-posterior, and cranial-caudal directions are 4.7 mm, 5.2 mm, and 6.5 mm, respectively.

The longitudinal study sought to examine the dynamic development of cognitive skills for reading among elementary-level students in Mainland China.Two groups of students in first (n=164,mean age=6.65 years at first test) and second grade (n=202,mean age=7.73 years at first test) were followed on orthographic awareness,morphological awareness and rapid automatized naming (RAN) for two years.The children exhibited significant improvement in orthographic awareness,morphological awareness and RAN from grades 1 to 4.More importantly,to the orthographic and morphological awareness,while the children took a leap from grade 1 to 2 and grade 3 to 4,the progress developed at relatively slow rates from grade 2 to 3.In order to assure children's development of orthographic and morphological awareness,evidence-based orthographically and morphologically enhanced instruction is needed for Chinese children in the early elementary years,especially for those at the stage from grade 2 to 3.

Global longitudinal strain (GLS) at rest on two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) was demonstrated to help detect coronary artery disease (CAD).However,the optimal cut-off point of GLS and its diagnostic power for detecting critical CAD in non-diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are unknown.In the present study,211 patients with suspected CAD were prospectively included,with DM patients excluded.All patients underwent echocardiography and subsequently coronary angiography within 3 days.Left ventricular (LV) GLSs were quantified by 2D STE.Territorial peak systolic longitudinal strains (TLSs) were calculated based on the perfusion territories of the 3-epicardial coronary arteries in a 17-segment LV model.Critical CAD was defined as an area stenosis ≥70％ in ≥1 epicardial coronary artery (≥50％ in left main coronary artery).Totally 145 patients were diagnosed as having critical CAD by coronary angiography.Significant differences were observed in all strain parameters between patients with and without critical CAD.The area under the receiver operating charcteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for GLS in the detection of left main (LM) or threevessel CAD was 0.875 at a cut-off value of-19.05％ with sensitivity of 78.1％ and specificity of 72.7％,which increased to 0.926 after exclusion of apical segments (cut-off value-18.66％;sensitivity 84.4％ and specificity 81.8％).The values of TLSs were significantly lower in regions supplied by stenotic arteries than in those by non-stenotic arteries.The AUC for the TLSs to identify critical stenosis of left circumflex (LCX) artery,left anterior descending (LAD) artery and right coronary artery (RCA),in order of diagnostic accuracy,was 0.818 for LCX,0.764 for LAD and 0.723 for RCA,respectively.In conclusion,in non-DM patients with suspected CAD,GLS assessed by 2D STE is an excellent predictor for LM or three-vessel CAD with high diagnostic accuracy,and a higher cut-off point than reported before should be used.Excluding apical segments in the calculation of GLS can further improve the predictive accuracy of GLS.It is unsatisfactory for TLSs to be used to identify stenotic coronary arteries.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the early clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for the treatment of old acetabular fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to June 2010, thirteen patients with old acetabular fractures were reviewed, including 10 males and 3 females. Ten patients were treated with internal fixation and conservative treatment had been used in three patients. The average Harris Hip Score was used to evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAfter operation, all thirteen patients were followed up for one year. Hip X-ray films were taken and prosthesis loosening was not seen on any of the films at the 1st year after operation. The Harris Hip Score improved from preoperative (37.19 +/- 20.12) to postoperative (83.38 +/- 3.33), there was statistically significant difference.

CONCLUSIONFor reasons of malunion or failure of internal fixation, large and various bone defect, it's difficult to reach the anatomical reduction. THA is a good treatment method, but it needs rich skills and experience compared with ordinary operation.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the gene defect in a hereditary coagulation factor V (FV) deficiency family.

METHODSThe plasma FV actigen was measured by one-stage clotting assay. The FV antigen was assayed by Biotin-Avidin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA). The full length of exon 1 to exon 25 and the 5' untranslated sequence of FV genomic DNA were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of the amplified fragments, meanwhile the defect was identified by T/A cloning sequencing.

RESULTSThe plasma coagulant activity and amount of FV of the proband were marked deficient (1% and 1.54%, respectively). DNA sequence analysis for the proband revealed a causative mutation in a heterozygous status. It was one base pair deletion in exon 4 at nucleotide 675 inherited from her mother.

CONCLUSIONSA novel mutation in the FV gene was identified in the proband with congenital FV deficiency. The mutation was 675delA in exon 4 resulting in a frameshift and a premature termination codon.

Adolescent ; Blood Coagulation ; Factor V ; analysis ; genetics ; Factor V Deficiency ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Mutation

Objective To study the relationship among rs505802 in SLC22A12,rs6855911,rs737267,rs12498742, rs7442295, rs734553, rs16890979 in SLC2A9 genetic polymorphisms and hypouricemia in Ningxia.Methods 6 056 subjects were collected by multistage,stratified random cluster sampling method in October and November in 2011 in Ningxia Hui autonomous region, 98 subjects with hypouricemia were selected.According to gender and age,84 controls were selected.Physical examination and laboratory biochemical index test were conducted for the study population.T test was used to compare general clinical data and biochemical indexs between two groups. SNPs were detected by Sequenom Mass ARRAY technology.By x2test,we compared the frequencies of the geno-type and allele in each group.Samples representativeness was confirmed through the Hardy-Weinberg inspection. Results The levels of TC, LDLC, and Cr in the patients were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the distribution of A,G allele frequencies of SLC2A9 gene rs7442295 between two groups.The risk of hypouricemia in patients with A/A genotype was lower than that of A/G genotype(Pc<0.05),indicating that A>G mutation was associated with hypouricemia.Conclusions Polymorphisms of SLC2A9 gene rs7442295 are significantly correlated with hyporuricemia in Ningxia.

OBJECTIVETo study how to perform the hearing screening on the infants in the rural area.

METHODSThree thousand nine hundreds and twenty-two infants, about 84% of them from rural, were born in the People Hospital of LaiZhou City from January to December in 2004. The infants were performed fast hearing screening by transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) after the birth in 2-7 days. The fail cases were checked again after 4-6 weeks, and then were diagnosed if they still failed after following-up.

RESULTSThe infants (3612/3922, 92.1%) have been checked by TEOAE, and the examination was free in the poverty cases. The rate passed on the first check was 69.96% (2527/3922), but 1085 infants failed (30.4%), while 310 infants have not been checked (7.9%). In the 1085 cases that should be rechecked, there was only 633 cases (58.34%) accepted the check on time, while 452 cases (41.66%) missed. In the 163 cases with high-risk infants in 2004, 114 infants (69.96%) were checked, but 49 infants (29.04%) were not checked. Fourteen cases failed in the recheck, and 11 of them were checked by ABR. Two cases were found to be moderate and severe hearing loss in binaural respectively and 4 cases with mild hearing loss in monaural while 3 cases were normal.

CONCLUSIONSIt is necessary and viable for the infants on hearing screening in the rural area It should be set up and perfected the model for infants on hearing screening in rural area as soon as possible; it should be free for the poor infants to make sure everyone enjoy the health care.

China ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; methods ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Rural Population

BACKGROUNDImage-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is the preferred method for curative treatment of localized prostate cancer, which could improve disease outcome and reduce normal tissue toxicity reaction. IGRT using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in combination with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) potentially allows smaller treatment margins and dose escalation to the prostate. The aim of this study was to compare the difference of dosimetric diffusion in conventional IGRT using 7-field, step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and hypofractionated IGRT using VMAT for patients with localized prostate cancer.

METHODSWe studied 24 patients who received 78 Gy in 39 daily fractions or 70 Gy in 28 daily fractions to their prostate with/without the seminal vesicles using IMRT (n = 12) or VMAT (n = 12) for prostate cancer between November 2013 and October 2015. Image guidance was performed using kilovoltage CBCT scans equipped on the linear accelerator. Offline planning was performed using the daily treatment images registered with simulation computed tomography (CT) images. A total of 212 IMRT plans in conventional cohort and 292 VMAT plans in hypofractionated cohort were enrolled in the study. Dose distributions were recalculated on CBCT images registered with the planning CT scanner.

RESULTSCompared with 7-field, step-and-shoot IMRT, VMAT plans resulted in improved planning target volume (PTV) D95% (7663.17 ± 69.57 cGy vs. 7789.17 ± 131.76 cGy, P < 0.001). VMAT reduced the rectal D25 (P < 0.001), D35 (P < 0.001), and D50 (P < 0.001), bladder V50 (P < 0.001), D25 (P = 0.002), D35 (P = 0.028), and D50 (P = 0.029). However, VMAT did not statistically significantly reduce the rectal V50, compared with 7-field, step-and-shoot IMRT (25.02 ± 5.54% vs. 27.43 ± 8.79%, P = 0.087).

CONCLUSIONSTo deliver the hypofractionated radiotherapy in prostate cancer, VMAT significantly increased PTV D95% dose and decreased the dose of radiation delivered to adjacent normal tissues comparing to 7-field, step-and-shoot IMRT. Daily online image-guidance and better management of bladder and rectum could make a more precise treatment delivery.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the imaging features of intestinal schwannoma(IS)in order to improve the diagnostic ability of the disease.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 14 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed IS were retrospectively analyzed,including the location,size,morphology,nature,growth pattern,CT density,MRI signal,PET/CT metabolism and other characteristics of the tumors.Results Of the 14 IS cases,the lesions of 3 cases were located in the duodenum,2 cases in the cecum,8 cases in the colon and 1 case in the rectum.The lesions were all round or oval,with an average maximum diameter of(2.4±1.1)cm.The lesions were solid in 13 cases,extraluminal growth in 10 cases,cystic degeneration in 1 case and myxoid degeneration in 1 case.Chronic inflammatory lymph nodes were seen around the diseased intestines in 9 cases,and the short diameter of lymph nodes was greater than 5 mm in 6 cases.All 14 cases of IS showed low attenuation on plain CT scan,and progressive enhancement after contrast injection,including 1 case of mild enhancement,2 cases of moderate enhancement,and 11 cases of obvious enhancement.Two cases of IS showed low signal intensity on T1WI,slightly high signal intensity on T2WI,significantly high signal intensity on DWI,and obvious progressive enhancement after contrast injection on MRI.Two cases of IS showed high metabolism on 18F-FDG-PET/CT,and the SUVmax was 9.4 and 8.8,respectively.Conclusion The imaging findings of IS were characteristic to a certain extent.They mainly manifested as solid nodules or masses derived from the intestinal submucosa,with uniform attenuation or signal intensity,obvious progressive enhancement after contrast injection,obvious hypermetabolism on 18F-FDG-PET/CT,and slightly larger homogeneous lymph nodes were common around the lesions.